Device for the use of and easily carried by an individual4460965Abstract A device for the use of and easily portable by an individual, consisting of a main memory, a microprocessor, a keyboard for the control of the microprocessor, etc., and at least one accounting memory and a display. Operation of the keyboard in a pre-determined fashion will cause the microprocessor to transfer one or more units of information from the main memory to at least one accounting memory. The point in time at which this transfer is made directly or indirectly (for example via internal delay circuits) may be determined by the individual. The number of information units to be transferred is determined by operating the keyboard in a certain, preferably combinatory fashion. Each information unit or group of units which is transferred from the main memory to the accounting memory by operating the keyboard in some other, certain, preferably combinatory fashion will either be given a certain address code or will be allocated to a specific accounting memory. Claims We claim: Description TECHNICAL FIELD
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Principal 8 or 9 followed by 5 figures
Time limit for permit
1 figure (0-9)
Tariff number A 3 figures (0-7 posn.1 +
2 figures posn 2 and 3)
Period for tariff number A
4 figures
Tariff number B 3 figures (as for tariff no. A)
Period for tariff number B
4 figures (00-24)
Maximum daily charge (whether
or not collected) A symbol.
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The maximum charge is determined by the tariff number or by the tariff number together with its time interval. The reference code used to indicate the time limit for the permit is checked during communication between the PX-meter and the LX-terminal. Once the point in time at which the permit ceases to be valid has been passed, the permit in question will be erased and the motorist will be advised of the change when he goes to the LX-terminal (i.e. details of the permit which has been withdrawn). The three-digit tariff numbers and any time intervals which are associated with them will determine the sum debited against the accounting memory to which the respective TX-number relates. The three permit memories are allocated the following principal's codes (corresponding to positions 4-6 in a six-digit PX-number in an S-parking facility), i.e. the accounting memory is programmed identically to the corresponding T-memory when it is used in connection with a parking facility.
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Permit memory 1 Principal's code 001
Permit memory 2 Principal's code 002
Permit memory 3 Principal's code 003
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The parking fee is governed by the maximum charge per day or per part of a day in the same way as the maximum daily charge in an S-parking facility. A maximum permitted parking period is rarely encountered in T-parking facilities. Where the tariff number has a group code 0 or 1, this indicates that the maximum permitted parking period (tariff number position 3 ) is governed in a similar fashion to the maximum period in an S-parking facility with the same tariff number. During communication between the PX-meter and the LX-terminal, and where the accounting memories have been allocated principals' codes 001, 002 or 003, a read-out is taken of the TX-number contained in the permit memory relating to the respective principal code, which is then recorded in the LX-terminal together with the number of PX-markers. 1.2.4 Time memory (M.sub.K) with reference designation for the clock 44 via 40 to 42 The time is accounted for in the PX-meter in a time memory and is generated for the clock 44 and is controlled by the processor 40 to the memory 42.
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M.sub.K memory capacity
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Minutes 00-59
Hours 00-23
Week number (8 bits)
01-53 (week 1 = 1st Monday in Jan)
Weekdays 1-7 (Monday = day 1; Tuesday =
day 2, etc.)
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During communication between the PX-meter and the LX-terminal, the accuracy of the crystal oscillator is checked and the times shown above are corrected to their true values. The PX-meter shall be replaced if the crystal oscillator has produced an error greater than 2 minutes per month. M.sub.K is "frozen" in position when the PX-meter is switched off. This may occur if the date is exceeded and on instruction by the LX-terminal. 1.2.5 Memory for regional association of LX-terminal (M.sub.LX) with reference designation 42 The PX-meter shall remember the week number and the regional association of the LX-terminal on the most recent visit.
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Memory capacity
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Regional number of LX-terminal
figure 0-9
Week number figure 00-53
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These details are programmed into the PX-meter from the LX-terminal. 1.2.6 Memory for switching off before LX-visit (M.sub.A) with reference designation 42 The PX-meter will be switched off to prevent its use in connection with parking for various reasons until the LX-terminal has been visited; these reasons include need for battery replacement, i.e. the programmed week number (V.sub.B) has been exceeded. V.sub.B is programmed into the PX-meter from the LX-terminal each time the battery is replaced; need for accounts to be updated, i.e. the programmed week number (V.sub.R) has been exceeded. V.sub.R is programmed into the PX-meter from the LX-terminal each time the accounts are updated. The capacity of the M.sub.A memory for V.sub.B =01 to 53 The capacity of the M.sub.A memory for V.sub.R 6 01 to 53 Switching off of the PX-meter will not take place in the P-position for the reasons referred to above. The PX-meter will give an advance warning signal in both cases ("warning condition" will appear on the display) for an LX-visit 2-4 weeks before V.sub.R and V.sub.B respectively. Other reasons for switching off before a visit has been made to the LX-terminal include main memory has a negative value (no switching off in P-position); main memory has reached its maximum negative value in P-position; power supply failure in P-position (B-cell to be used); power supply failure (cut) in P-position (B-cell used). In order to facilitate the resolution of legal disputes between principals and the holders of PX-meters in the event of incorrect parking, the point in time at which the PX-meter was switched off--for whatever reason--shall be "frozen" in the time memory M.sub.K. On future visits to the LX-terminal, a record shall be made of the serial number of the PX-meter together with details of the time at which it was switched off, the reasons for switching off and any subsequent steps which were taken, e.g. replacement of the PX-meter for service or steps taken to correct the reason for switching off. 1.2.7 Memory for PX-markers used (M.sub.PX) with reference designation 42 The memory is designed to accumulate the total number of PX-markers entered into the H-memory and also to indicate the elapsed time or the number of markers accumulated since the start. M.sub.PX -capacity: Total number of PX-markers in the H-memory (in hundreds) 0-256 1.3 Car climate The PX-meter shall be capable of withstanding the stresses imposed on it by the "car climate". The expression "car climate" in this context shall be taken to indicate on the one hand the climatic conditions--temperature, dampness and dust, etc., and on the other hand the mechanical stresses and the electronic/magnetic interference which is present in and adjacent to the driver's seat in a motor vehicle. The conditions which the PX-meter shall be capable of withstanding include the following: Mechanical stresses Free fall from a height of 1.5 m onto a hard base (no functional faults and no deformation of the casing or of internal and external component parts). Damp and dust Humidity of the air; Waterproof in accordance with the Standards which are applicable to wristwatches; Dust and dirt. Normal levels encountered in the driver's compartment shall not influence the function of the PX-meter in the P-position. 1.4 Requirements for convenience of operation of PX-meter Convenience demanded by the motorist The keying-in operation shall be capable of being done comfortably and reliably; Displays shall be capable of being read with ease in daylight and when illuminated by the electric roof light in the driver's compartment; The PX-meter shall be capable of being hung rapidly and easily from the sun visor on the driver's side when in the P-position; Easily portable to and from the vehicle when visiting the LX-terminal; The PX-meter shall indicate the correct time before the PX-number is keyed-in; Before the PX-meter is hung in its P-position, the driver using an S-parking facility shall be able to interrogate it in order to establish the PX-numbers and time intervals which have been programmed into the PX-meter; The PX-meter shall provide details of the number of markers contained in the H-memory, if requested so to do; The PX-meter shall give advance warning when a visit should be made to the LX-terminal. Convenience demanded by LX-terminal service personnel Rapid and convenient replacement of batteries; Rapid entry and read-out of PX-meter; Simple financial transaction for entry of required number of markers into PX-meter. 2. STRUCTURE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INFORMATION NUMBERS USED IN THE PX-SYSTEM The six-digit number on PX-sign "A" shows details in coded form relating to the conditions of parking and the identity of the principal operator of the parking facility. The information number has the following designation and is made up of the serial numbers below: S-parking: Space and charge number=PX-number 000.000-799.000 T-parking: Permit number=TX-number 800.000-999.999 2.1 PX-number for S-parking (000.000-799.999) The PX-number consists of two three-digit groups with the following designations
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Tariff number: Group of figures in position 1-3
Number for principal
operator of S-parking:
Group of figures in position 4-6
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2.1.1 Tariff number (Position 1-3) The tariff may adopt any value between 000-799 and the position of the figures is as follows:
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Position 1 Group code (0-7)
Position 2 Charge rate code (0-9)
Position 3 Maximum time/price code
(0-9)
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The parking charge per unit of time, the maximum period for which a vehicle may be parked and the maximum charge per day or per part of a day may vary both according to the time of day and depending on the day of the week. Group codes 0-7 are used in order to vary the parking charge per unit of time (position 2 ); determine whether maximum period or maximum charge shall apply (position 3); provide different tariffs for days of the week 1-5 and 6. 2.1.1.1 Charge rate code. Parking charge per unit of time (position 2 ). The parking charge per unit of time is shown in Tables A and B below in terms of kronor per hour and the period length is shown in seconds for a PX-marker. The Tables were compiled on the basis of a basic period length B.sub.P =3 seconds. N indicates the number of times B.sub.P is taken to produce a single marker. N.times.B.sub.P =the period length in seconds for a single marker in the respective charge rate. The cost of a marker=10 units (ore).
TABLE A
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length of
period
No. kronor/hour
sec/marker
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0 0 .infin.
1 0.1 3600
2 0.15 2400
3 0.2 1800
4 0.25 1440
5 0.3 1200
6 0.4 900
7 0.5 720
8 0.75 480
9 1.0 360
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Table A applies to group numbers 0, 2, 4 and 6 Table B applies to group numbers 1, 3, 5 and 7 The figures which appear in the columns headed "No." in the Tables are also to be found in position 2 of the tariff number. The charge rate code is thus made up partly of the group number and partly of the number in position 2. 2.1.1.2 Code for the maximum parking period (position 3) A maximum period of parking is used mainly in order to control the rate of occupancy of the respective parking spaces (max. period .ltoreq.4 hours). The maximum period of parking may also be used to control the duration of the longest period during the day for which a fee is charged (max. period .gtoreq.10 hours).
TABLE C
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maximum Visual
No. period marking Notes
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0 1-15 min. (white)
Target time. Programmable.
1 0.5 hours red
2 1 hour yellow
3 2 hours grey
4 4 hours green
5 10 hours --
6 12 hours blue
7 14 hours --
8 24 hours --
9 no limit --
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Table C applies to group numbers 0 and 1. The figures which appear in the column headed "No." in Table C are also to be found in position 3. The code for the maximum parking period is thus made up partly of group numbers 0 or 1 and partly of the number in position 3. 2.1.1.3 Code for the maximum charge per day or part of a day (position 3) Parking spaces which are not used on the basis of a maximum parking period will frequently have a maximum charge per day or per part of a day. The maximum charge may be levied in the form of a once-only charge, i.e. the full daily rate (or the rate for part of a day) is charged on the first occasion on which a vehicle is parked on that particular day. No additional parking fee will then be charged for the rest of the day, even though the vehicle may occasionally leave the parking space in question (applies only to T-parking). A maximum charge may also be levied during a specific number of hours on the basis of an hourly rate which is determined partly by the group code which appears in position 1 and partly by the charge rate number shown in position 2. The number of hours may be seen in Table D.
TABLE D
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Number of hours for which
No. an hourly rate is charged
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0 once-only charge
1 1 hour
2 2 hours
3 3 hours
4 4 hours
5 5 hours
6 6 hours
7 7 hours
8 8 hours
9 24 hours
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Table D applies to groups 2-7, and the figures which appear in the column headed "No." in the Table are also to be found in position 3 of the tariff number. The once-only charge means that the hourly rate in accordance with positions 1 and 2 is payable immediately (.ltoreq.10 minutes). The maximum charge per day or per part of a day shall apply only to uninterrupted parking during the period in respect of which the charge has been levied. As one day becomes the next (at 00.00 hours), any maximum charge which has been levied for the previous day or any fee paid for parking which is continuing at the changeover point between one day and the next will be cancelled. The maximum charge for the new day is levied with effect from 00.00 hours. The maximum charge for part of a day may be levied no more than two times on any one day (including separate maximum fees) on condition that none of the time intervals relating to the respective charges includes the time 00.00 hours. If a maximum charge is levied in respect of a time interval which includes the changeover point between one day and the next, then the maximum charge for the time interval in question may be levied only in the form of the hourly rate multiplied by the number of hours which make up the time interval in question. 2.1.1.4 Group code (position 1) The group code may include the figures 0-7. Group 0-1 is used in conjunction with S-parking facilities in which each individual parking space is subject to a maximum period of use. The value of the maximum period may be seen from Table C. The charge rate in kronor per hour is determined in the case of Group 0 from Table A, and in the case of Group 1 from Table B. Group 0-1 may be used on all days of the week (days 1-7). Group 2-3 is used in conjunction with S-parking facilities in which each individual parking space is not subject to a maximum period in order to increase use, but may be subject to a maximum charge per day or per part of a day. Group 2 uses the charge rates shown in Table A, and Group 3 uses those shown in Table B. The maximum daily charge is shown in Table D. Group 2-3 may be used on all days of the week (days 1-7). Group 4-5 is used in conjunction with S-parking facilities as described in Group 2-3 above, with Group 4 using a scale of charges in accordance with Table A and Group 5 using a scale of charges in accordance with Table B. Group 4-5 may be used only from Monday to Friday (days 1-5). Group 6-7 is used in conjunction with S-parking facilities as described in Group 2-3 above, with Group 6 using a scale of charges in accordance with Table A and Group 7 using a scale of charges in accordance with Table B. Group 6-7 may be used only on day 6 of the week. When used in conjunction with S-parking facilities, Groups 2-7 are intended to permit parking for a period which may, for instance, extend over a weekend or for a longer period without the need to re-set the PX-meter, by utilizing programmed time intervals which determine the tariff numbers which will be charged at different times of the day. 2.1.2 Principal's code for S-parking facilities (positions 4-6) Each of the principal operators of an S-parking facility is allocated an individual three-digit principal's code between 000-999, which is programmed into positions 4-6 of the PX-meter when parking takes place. 2.2 TX-number for T-parking facilities (800 000-999 999) The six-digit TX-number (with an initial FIG. 8 or 9) is a principal's code and appears on a sign displayed at the parking space, which may only be used with the permission of the principal. When in the P-position, the display of the PX-meter will show this TX-number only on condition that the TX-number in question has been programmed into the permit memory (M.sub.T) of the PX-meter. Also programmed into the M.sub.T are the tariff number and the time interval which govern the parking charge per unit of time and the maximum charge per day or part of a day, as well as any parking restrictions which apply during part of the day or on certain weekdays. The tariff number has three digits and is structured in the same way as tariffs for the PX-numbers. The information contained in M.sub.T governs the transfer of the PX-markers from the H-memory to the R-memory (from the main memory to the accounting memory). When in the parking position, the display will indicate the appropriate TX-number on condition that no restriction has been imposed on the right to park. In this case, the display will indicate 000.000 if parking is taking place during a prohibited period. The distribution of the TX-numbers across geographical regions, the type of parking (place of work, place of residence, employees' parking, etc.) and the type of parking building may be selected at random. 3 COMPONENT PARTS OF THE PX-METER The basic appearance of the PX-meter and its external parts may be seen in FIG. 2. The following are the external parts of the PX-meter and their functions:
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Casing Mounting for and protection of PX components;
Display Visual monitoring of the condition of the
PX-meter;
Keyboard Communication with the electronic control
circuits of the PX-meter;
Batteries
Supply of operating power.
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The following are the internal parts of the PX-meter and their functions:
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Crystal oscillator
Time measurement;
Start switch Start - stop function;
LX interface Communication with the LX-terminal;
PXE Electronic control circuits;
Battery "Back-up" battery for random access
memories.
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3.1 External parts of the PX-meter 3.1.1 Casing The casing provides a mounting for the component parts and is intended to protect them and their functions against operating breakdowns. The design of the casing shall favour the convenience of operation of the PX-meter. The casing shall be made up of two separate areas one of which is totally enclosed and serves as a mounting and protection for the component parts (excluding the operating battery) and is so designed that in the event of anyone attempting to enter the space the casing will be deformed so that the attempted entry may easily be discovered on examination; and another which provides the PX-meter with its operating power supply. 3.1.2 Display The figures of the display shall be clearly visible in daylight and from outside the vehicle in the dark under normal street lighting conditions or with a torch, and from inside the vehicle with the roof light illuminated. The figures shall be visible from outside the vehicle at a distance of .gtoreq.2 m from the position of the PX-meter (with the help of a torch, if necessary, in the dark). A typical example of a suitable display is that manufactured under the designation G0 D7 R05bH (LCD-displays) by LXD Inc., USA. 4.1.3 Keyboard The keyboard is in the form of a board with 12 keys-- number keys 0-9, a correction key C and a key marked S. The keys are positioned as follows
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1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
C O S
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A typical example of a suitable keyboard is that manufactured by Chomerics under the designation FR22782. Mode of operation The maximum rebound time for a key is 1 ms. Two depressions of a key separated by an interval of less than 1/8 second will be recorded as a single depression. Two depressions of a key separated by an interval of more than 2/8 second will always be recorded as two depressions. Final estimation of time is done in conjunction with testing. The time required for the display to be illuminated after contact has been made may be delayed as long as possible in relation to the time intervals referred to above. 3.1.4 Operating batteries The power supply to the PX-meter is provided by two types of battery battery A for operating power supply; back-up batteries (B-cells) to guarantee that the contents of the power-consuming memories will not be lost in the event of the A-batteries being disconnected. The A-batteries are located in the battery space within the casing, where they are easily accessible to the LX-operator. The person to whom the PX-meter has been issued may not replace the batteries before the condition of the batteries has been established. The B-batteries are located in the totally enclosed area of the casing and are used only during the short periods for which the A-battery is out of service, for instance when the battery is being replaced. The B-battery is not to be replaced, its service life being identical to that of the PX-meter. The B-battery is considered to be one of the internal components of the PX-meter. 3.1.4.1 Battery data The power supply is provided by four Type R6 1.5 volt alkaline batteries. Nominal voltage: 1.3 volts Lowest operating voltage: 0.1 volt Power consumption by the PX-meter should be such that a maximum of two battery replacements per year are required where the number of PX-markers per month is .ltoreq.3000. 3.1.4.2 Battery function The function of the PX-meter should not be affected if the current from the battery flows in the wrong direction; The time of replacement for the battery shall be programmed into the PX-meter. If the time limit is exceeded, then the PX-meter shall be switched off "for use only after LX-visit". The meter shall not be switched off when in the P-position; The PX-meter shall be switched off for an LX-visit whenever the battery space has been opened; A PX-meter which has been switched off for an LX-visit shall freeze the point in time at which it was switched off in the time memory M.sub.K. Whenever the batteries are replaced, the PX-meter shall be programmed with the week number (V.sub.B) indicating the time at which the batteries will next require replacement. 3.2 Internal components of the PX-meter All the components described in this section are located within the totally enclosed space inside the casing. 3.2.1 Crystal oscillator with reference designation 44. The crystal determines the accuracy with which the time is indicated by the clock. It shall be accurate to .ltoreq.+2 minutes per month. The clock time shall appear on the display when the PX-meter is in the base condition, with the hour (00-23) and the minutes (00-59) in positions 2-5 on the display. The necessary time information (see section 1.2.4) shall be stored in the time memory M.sub.K. A check shall be made via the LX-terminal to ensure that the accuracy of the crystal oscillator has been within 2 minutes per month. The information contained in the time memory shall be corrected to indicate the true time. 3.2.2 Start switch The PX-meter shall charge only when in the P-position, i.e. when it is inside the vehicle and suspended from the PX-meter attachment point on the sun visor. The start switch is in the form of a magnetic contact inside the PX-meter. Debiting of the markers from the main memory and recording of the parking period which is to be debited against the time limit contained in the tariff number may only take place if the magnetic contact has been closed for an uninterrupted period of t.sub.a minutes (target time). t.sub.a shall be capable of being programmed in "one-minute intervals" and of assuming values ranging from 0 to 15 minutes. Parking shall be regarded as having ended if the magnetic contact has been interrupted for a period of 1 minute. Debiting of both markers and time will stop once the magnetic contact has been interrupted. If the magnetic contact is re-made within one minute and if there has been no new programming, then debiting of both markers and time will continue as before. Once the magnetic contact has been broken, the displays will show the actual tariff number in the P-position for the first minute. If the correction key is depressed twice whilst the magnetic contact is interrupted, then the PX-meter will return to the "base" condition of the holding position. 3.2.3 Interface between PX-meter and LX-terminal Communication between the PX-meter and the LX-terminal takes place via an optical link and/or two-way wiring. The communication procedure requires that the system association requirements be met before the communication may be approved and registered. The PX-meter is locked into the LX-terminal (LX-position) once the communication has been approved and registered. When in the LX-position, the requirements of the PX-meter in relation to the LX-terminal are described in the following section. 3.2.3.1 PX-meter in base condition; 3.2.3.2 PX-meter in warning condition; 3.2.3.3 PX-meter switched off for visit to LX-terminal; 3.2.3.4 PX-meter in "dead condition" or faulty. 3.2.3.1 PX-meter in base condition When in the base condition, the display of the PX-meter will show the "true" time--in hours and minutes. The time is shown in positions 2-5 on the display. The relationships between PX-LX may vary in the following sequence (communication ready): 1 The identity number of the PX-meter shall be checked if the locking unit is connected to the LX-terminal. (Alternatively: the visual serial number of the PX-meter shall be entered via the keyboard of the PX/LX-reader and checked against the central locking arrangement). 2 The PX-meter shall be interrogated in respect of all the memories contained in the random access memory (item 42 ) and these shall be programmed into the equivalent memory in the LX-terminal. 3 The "client" display of the LX-terminal will automatically show the number of markers contained in the M.sub.H. 4 At the request of the client, the "client" display of the LX-terminal may also show the content (programming) of the permit memories 001-003; the content of the memory relating to the consumption of PX-markers (M.sub.PX). 5 Checking and interrogation of the following PX-memories after they have been transferred to LX-terminals: Permit memories Accounting memories Time memory together with recordings and programming changes attributable to the above. 6 Inspection of internal and external components, table values which have been programmed-in and functions. 7 Ready signal for input of PX-markers into the main memory. 8 Input of PX-markers. LX client display will automatically show the new PX-marker values contained in the main memory. The starting value of the main memory may also be shown on request. 9 The total number of PX-markers, in units of one hundred markers, fed into the main memory is accumulated in the memory for the PX-markers which have been used (M.sub.PX). The LX-terminal is programmed in such a way that when the accumulated value of markers in the PX-meter exceeds A units of 100 markers (40<A<128), then the number of weeks over which the markers were used will be recorded. The accumulated value of PX-markers in the M.sub.PX will be reduced by A at the same time as the transaction code and the week number are programmed into the M.sub.PX. 10 The ready signal in the PX-reader indicates that the PX-meter has been checked and is ready for issue to the client. A special completion contact in the PX-reader will release the PX-meter from the LX. 3.2.3.2 PX-meter in warning condition The PX-meter will show the warning condition on the display only when it is in the holding position. The display will then show in positions 3-6 the number of PX-markers contained in the main memory. The warning condition will be shown for the following reasons: M.sub.H contains .ltoreq.250 PX-markers; M.sub.R contains .ltoreq.1 memory which is not in use; Battery replacement required within .ltoreq.3 weeks; Updating of accounts in the LX-terminal required within .ltoreq.3 weeks. The relationships between PX-LX may vary in the following sequence (communication registered): 1 The identity number of the PX-meter shall be checked if the locking unit is connected to the LX-terminal. 2 The "client" display of the LX-terminal shows reasons for warning condition. 3 Batteries to be replaced, if required. 4 The relationships may vary in the sequence indicated in section 3.2.3.1 with the PX-meter in its base condition, items 2-10. 3.2.3.3 PX-meter switched off for visit to LX-terminal The display will indicate the figure "8" in positions 1 and 6 when the PX-meter is switched off. The PX-meter may be switched off in its holding position for the following reasons Time limit for battery replacement exceeded; Time limit for updating of accounts exceeded; M.sub.H has a negative value; Battery space has been opened. The PX-meter may be switched off in the P-position for the following reasons M.sub.H has reached its maximum negative value; Batteries providing insufficient operating power (B-cell brought into use). The relationships between PX-LX may vary in the following sequence (communication registered): 1 The identity number of th PX-meter shall be checked if the locking unit is connected to the LX-terminal. 2 The LX-terminal will check the reason for switching off and will indicate the reason on the "client" display together with the point in time at which switching off took place. The reason for switching off, the time of switching off, the identity number of the PX-meter and the date of the LX-visit together with any measures taken shall be recorded in the LX-terminal. 3 Batteries to be replaced, if required. 4 The relationships may vary in the sequence indicated in section 3.2.3.1 with the PX-meter in its base condition. 3.2.3.4 PX-meter shows "dead condition" or some other condition on the display No communication between PX-LX may be registered in this position, and the operator of the LX-terminal shall be required to proceed in accordance with specific instructions. 3.2.4 PXE control electronics The control electronics consist of a microprocessor and/or a custom-design-circuit and ROM and RAM memories. The function of the control electronics is determined partly by the above specification and partly by the functional description which follows. 3.2.5 "Back-up" battery for RAM memory 42 The aim of the back-up battery (the B-cells) is to guarantee that the information contained in the RAM memory 42 will not be lost in the event of failure of the operating voltage or of the A-batteries becoming discharged. The A-batteries and the B-cells shall be connected in such a way that in the event of the voltage supplied by the A-batteries falling below the voltage of the B-cells, then the B-cells will take over the supply of power. The internal clock shall be "frozen" and the PX-meter switched off until a visit has been made to the LX-terminal, even though the operating voltage may be at a sufficiently high level. The B-cells shall last for the service life of the PX-meter, which is .gtoreq.5 years, and shall be situated within the totally enclosed space inside the casing. 4 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PX-METER This functional description presents the logical sequence in which the PX-meter operates and the changes which may be made to the PX-meter, and is of use to those who use the system--PX-holders and principal operators of the parking facilities. 4.1 Concepts and definitions used in the functional description
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Positions of the PX-meter
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PX-meter in P-position
The PX is attached to the sun visor
of the vehicle with the magnetic
contact in the closed position;
PX-meter in V-position
The PX-meter is at rest or is being
programmed before being set in the
P-position;
PX-meter in LX-position
The PX-meter is locked into the
LX/PX-reader.
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4.2 PX-meter in V-position The PX-meter is ready for programming if the display shows "base condition" (time) or "holding condition" (main memory marker). After two depressions of the S-key, the display may move from "base condition" to show "number of PX-markers". "PX-markers" will continue to be displayed if the key is depressed more than twice. The display will return to "base condition" if the C-key is depressed twice. 4.2.1 Programming of the PX-meter for S-parking
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Display
Condition
shows/measure
Explanation P-position
______________________________________
H-condition
08 . 10 time by the
(warning clock
condition) (PX-marker)
S-key (single
depression)
K-condition
.
Number keys
(6 figures)
I-condition
123 . 456 PX-number
S-key (single
depression) A. to P-
position PX-
meter works
with number
123 . 456
K-condition
.
Number keys
(4 numbers)
I-condition
08 . 18 Time interval
(123 . 456
applies between
08.00-18.00)
08.00 - 18.00)
S-key (single B. to P-
depression) position
123 . 456
08-18
000 . 000
18-08
K-condition
.
Number keys
(6 numbers)
I-condition
016 . 456 PX-number
S-key (single C. to P-
depression) position
123 . 456
08-18
016 . 456
18-08
K-condition
.
Number keys
(4 numbers)
I-condition
18 . 22 Time interval
(016 . 456)
applies between
(18.00-22.00)
D. to P-
position
123 . 456
08-18
016 . 456
18-22
000 . 000
22-08
K-condition
.
No more numeri-
cal information
may be entered
into the
PX-meter.
S-key (second
depression)
Pr-condition
0 . 801 PX-marker
S-key (single
depression)
Pr-condition
123 . 456 PX-number
S-key (single
depression) E. to P-
position
123 . 456
08-18
016 . 456
18-22
000 . 000
22-08
Pr-condition
08 . 18 Time interval
S-key (single
depression)
Pr-condition
016 . 456 PX-number
C-key (single
depression) F. to P-
position
PX-meter to
base
condition
Pr-condition
. Correction
of PX-number
Number keys
(6 numbers)
Pr-condition
026 . 456 PX-number
S-key (single
depression)
Pr-condition
18 . 22 Time interval
S-key (single
depression) G. to P-
position
123 . 456
08-18
026 . 456
18-22
000 . 000
22-08
0 . 801 PX-marker
etc.
______________________________________
PXE in the V-position will always operate with the following logic 1st information condition: PX-number (1) 2nd information condition: Time interval for PX-number (1) 3rd information condition: PX-number (2) 4th information condition: Time interval for PX-number (2) Any depression of the number keys in excess of 6 or 4 times respectively in the above information conditions will be disregarded. Incomplete information in any of the above information conditions will mean that the PX-meter will not operate in the P-position, but will return to the base position. The PX-meter may be set to the P-position after each item of information is complete. Any depression of the S-key will be disregarded if the information is incomplete. Two depressions of the S-key are used to indicate that the input of information is complete, and that the PX-holder wishes to be advised of what has been programmed-in. The PX-meter will then go to the "programme condition" (Pr-condition). When in the Pr-condition, the display will first show the PX-marker content of the M.sub.H, and will then "leaf through" every time the S-key is depressed to show I-condition 1, 2, etc. Once the most recently entered item of information has been shown, the display will return to the number of PX-markers, etc., after the S-key has been depressed. A single depression of the C-key, when the display is showing the information condition, will remove the information from the PX-meter (display will indicate ready condition) and new information may then be entered. Corrections may be made to the information in the PX-meter during the leafing-through procedure. Two or more consecutive depressions of the C-key will always return the PX-meter to the base condition, i.e. all programming will be erased. A single depression of the C-key when the display is showing ready condition of "PX-markers in M.sub.H " will be disregarded. Whilst "leafing through", the PX-meter may be placed in the P-position at any time, on condition that the information is complete in every programmed information condition. 4.2.2 Programming of the PX-meter for T-parking In order that the PX-meter may be used in connection with T-parking facilities, it is essential that the permit memory of the PX-meter shall have been programmed with the TX-number which relates to that parking space together with the associated conditions of parking. When parking, it will be necessary for the PX-meter to show base condition or warning condition on the display when in the V-position. Programming procedure The S-key is depressed once, and the display will show the ready condition. The PX-number is entered, and this will appear on the display. The S-key is depressed once, and the display will show the ready condition. No more numerical information may now be entered, and any further depressions of the number keys will be disregarded. The points raised in section 4.2.1 "Programming of the PX-meter for S-parking" shall apply to the PR-condition, the hanging up of the PX-meter in the PX-position, and the use of the C- and S-keys. 4.3 PX-meter in P-position 4.3.1 S-parking The case A- described below relates to the programming specified above in section 4.2.1. 4.3.1.1 Time intervals do not overlap each other.
__________________________________________________________________________
PXE-function
Max.
Shown on Max.
daily
PX-meter
display in
Charge
time
charge
Time
programme
P-position
code
code
code
interval
Miscellaneous
__________________________________________________________________________
A 123 . 456
123 . 456
12 3 Base condition
15 . 30 after max.
time exceeded
B 123 . 456
123 . 456
12 3 08-18 Every day
08 . 18
000 . 000 18-08 Shown every
day after max.
time exceeded
C 123 . 456
123 . 456
12 3 08-18 Every day
08 . 18
016 . 456
000 . 000 Shown every
day after max.
time exceeded
016 . 456
01 6 18-08 Shown every
000 . 000 day after max.
time exceeded
D 123 . 456
123 . 456
12 3 08-18 Every day
08 . 18
016 . 456
000 . 000 At end of max.
18 . 22 period
016 . 456
01 6 18-22 At end of max.
000 . 000 period
000 . 000 22-08
E 123 . 456 Same as case D
08 . 18 PX-meter to
016 . 456 base condition
F 123 . 456
11 . 38 Same as case D
08 . 18 but with
18 . 22 charge code 02
instead of 01
G 123 . 456
08 . 18
026 . 456
18 . 22
__________________________________________________________________________
4.3.1.2 Time intervals overlap each other
__________________________________________________________________________
PXE-function
Max.
Shown on Max.
daily
PX-meter
display in
Charge
time
charge
Time
programme
P-position
code
code
code
interval
Miscellaneous
__________________________________________________________________________
128 . 456
128 . 456
12 8 08-16 Every day
08 . 18
016 . 456
016 . 456
01 6 16-20
16 . 20
000 . 000 20-08
128 . 456
128 . 456
12 8 08-12 Every day
08 . 18
148 . 456
148 . 456
14 8 12-14
128 . 456
12 8 14-18
000 . 000 18-08
__________________________________________________________________________
4.3.1.3 S-parking with different tariff numbers for Saturday and Sunday
__________________________________________________________________________
PXE-function
Max.
Shown on Max.
daily
PX-meter
display in
Charge
time
charge
Time
programme
P-position
code
code
code
interval
Miscellaneous
__________________________________________________________________________
498 . 456
498 . 456
49 8.sup.(1)
08-18 Mon-Fri
08 . 18
676 . 456
676 . 456
67 6.sup.(2)
08-14 Saturday
08 . 14
000 . 000 Mon-Fri
18-08
Sat 14-20
Sun 20-00
Mon 00-08
(1) Max. charge
8 .times. 1 kr
= 8 kronor
(2) Max. charge
6 .times. 0.5
= 3 kronor
__________________________________________________________________________
5 PX-LX INTERFACE (INTERFACE BETWEEN PX-METER AND LX-TERMINAL) 5.1 PX-LX communication procedure The LX-terminal emits a pulse train via cables. The high level is identified with active emitters in this case in order to eliminate the possibility of misunderstandings. The pulses are approximately 130 ms in length and are separated by intervals of approximately 260 ms. The registration of the communication occurs by means of the LX-terminal emitting a specific pulse train which is detected by the PX-meter and acknowledged via a cable. The acknowledgement must be given before the fourth pulse following the first complete pulse from the LX which is detected. The active emitter in the PX-meter is identified as high level. The indicated times are target values. Once a response has been obtained from the PX-meter, the LX-terminal will cut off its pulse train as soon as possible. This may in turn be used as an acknowledgement to the PX-meter. After it has been activated, the cable will remain in an active state for a number of ms which will then be determined. In this way the LX-terminal is able to make use of PX-meters which are equipped with or without clock cables in the event of the reader being provided with one emitter and two receivers. The LX-terminal is able to distinguish the difference between PX-meters with or without clock cables. The LX-terminal is then capable of adapting its programming to suit the type of meter concerned. The attempt at communication may be repeated a number of times if it not approved by the PX. 6 LX-TERMINAL Although the LX-terminal does not directly form part of the present invention, certain of its functions will nevertheless be described in greater detail, since the LX-terminal does in fact form part of a complete operating system. The interface between the PX-meter and the LX-terminal may be either of a previously disclosed design or of entirely new design, although it must be capable of exchanging information between the two units. PAYMENT AND ACCOUNTING FUNCTION (LX-TERMINAL) 6.1 Description of the functions of the LX-terminal and of its general areas of application The part played by the LX-terminal in the PX-system is as an independently operating terminal with the following main functions: (a) The collection of accounting data relating to the use of PX and the storage of those data (reading of the PX-meter); (b) Recording and copying of accounting data relating to PX-markers issued via the LX-terminal; (c) Transfer of data stored in the LX-terminal to a common accounting system (the RX-system); (d) Checking that the PX-meter which is read in the LX-terminal meets the requirements laid down for PX-meters; (e) Accounting for the sale of PX-markers recorded in the LX-terminal to the LX-operator. The data transactions which are stored in the LX-terminal occur mainly as part of the relationship between the LX-terminal and the PX-meter (accounting, filling and wrong transactions). In certain cases, however, it is possible for transactions to be generated by the entry of data via the keyboard of the LX-terminal. The specific function of the LX-terminal which distinguishes it from other data collection terminals is the fact that the overwhelming majority of its transactions are generated by reading-out data from or by entering data into a PX-meter. Thus the reading function used in the relationship between the LX-terminal and the PX-meter is of critical significance to both the function of the LX-terminal and the function of the entire system. The unit within the LX-terminal which is used when reading the PX-meter may also be used in other applications, for which reason this particular part of the LX is subject to specific design requirements. The transactions which are generated by the LX and which are stored in it are by their very nature original verifications within an accounting system or else cash register items within a cash sales system. This means that the storage of data in the LX must be so arranged that these transactions may be neither destroyed nor tampered with--either intentionally or unintentionally. The transactions which are stored in the LX must be transferred to a central, computer-based accounting system, known as the RX-system. This transfer is designed to be made via the telephone system after the LX-terminal has been called automatically by the RX-system. The RX-system will then add together and direct to the respective principals the transactions which have been collected by the LX-terminal. Since the LX-terminal in the PX-system is used as accounting aid in the system whereby PX-markers are sold, partly in return for cash payment and partly against credit cards or by the direct debiting of a bank account or similar, the LX-terminal in the PX-system tends to be used by preference in areas where some other form of cash business is being operated at the same time. In the majority of cases this cash business will have access to its own individual cash register, which may thus be used in conjunction with the function of the LX-terminal. The following are conceivable locations for the LX-terminal in the PX-system: (a) petrol stations; (b) newspaper kiosks run by the "Pressbyr.ang.n" company; (c) possibly in certain post offices and bank branches; (d) special locations administered by the principals of the parking facilities. 6.2 Principal data and structure of the system 6.2.1 Introduction Details are provided in this section of the basic requirements in respect of the capacity and function of the LX-terminal. These requirements may be divided up into the following main areas: Data storage; Communication with RX; Staff and customer service; Programme functions and programme capacity; System components; Requirements in respect of the dimensions and weight of the system components; Operating time and back-up. 6.2.2 Data storage Transaction types/register in the LX-terminal and the extent of their characters on transmission or reception to or from RX may be accounted for in a detailed specification of the requirements relating to the LX-terminal. Generally speaking, the LX-terminal shall be capable of meeting the following requirements in respect of simultaneous data storage:
__________________________________________________________________________
Data storage in LX-terminal
Transaction/
Number of
Required number
Total number
Desired number of items
register
characters
of items; min.
of characters
(design requirement)
__________________________________________________________________________
PX-transaction
180 50 9000 100
Permit 40 10 400 30
transaction
Manual error
60 5 300 =
transactions
Transaction
50 40 2000* =
granting
permission
(Permit
programme
register)
Opening 500 1 500
transaction
Blocking
7 50 350 100
register
Reserve
__________________________________________________________________________
Total for data memory
12 500 approximately
__________________________________________________________________________
*The extent of the memory should be capable of being allocated flexibly
either to the PXtransactions in accordance with the stipulated
requirements, or to the granting of permission. This means that certain
LXs may have the characteristics of "permission programming terminals" ,
whereas others may have the characteristics of PXentry terminals.
6.2.3 Communication with RX Communication between RX and LX may take place via the telephone system. The maximum number of characters which may be transferred from LX to RX on any one occasion shall be approximately 10 000. The maximum number of characters which may be transferred from RX to LX on any one occasion shall be approximately 3 000. The transmission time for each LX-RX communication with full data transfer shall be less than 10 minutes, and should preferably be less than 5 minutes. 6.2.4 Staff and customer service The normal PX/LX transaction is a combination of markers being replenished and consumption being accounted for. The transaction time for a transaction of this kind, defined as the period between the operator being handed the PX-meter by the customer and the customer being handed back the PX, shall be less than 15 seconds and preferably less than 10 seconds. 6.2.5 Programme functions and programme capacity The programme functions of the LX-terminal may be appreciated from the following list of functions:
______________________________________
1 Input and storage of PX accounting data from the PX-meter;
2 Generation and recording of replenishment transactions and
storage of these;
3 Checking of the technical function of the PX-meter, any
faulty PXs being taken out of use;
4 Checking of functional status in respect of the main
memory, condition, battery, and implementation of any
necessary measures;
5 Reading of the contents of the memory of the PX-meter
as far as concerns status and condition, and presentation
of these data to the customer on a suitable display. In
this way the customer will be able to see why the PX is
not working and will be able to note down the identity
number of a new PX;
6 Programming of the permit of the PX-meter in
accordance with a standard procedure based on a permit
document;
7 Reprogramming of the charge memory and time memory of
the PX-meter on instructions being received from the
central accounting system;
8 Blocking function for certain PX-meters which have been
declared unserviceable, and of which the identity
numbers (internal) have been transferred to LX from RX;
9 Clock and time recorder with a capacity .gtoreq. 1 month
(to be synchronised at least once per month);
10 Transfer of PX-transactions to RX via the telephone
system;
11 Accounting function for the operator/point of sale, which
operates independently of the RX system and of the
reading/replenishment of PX;
12 Accounting procedure for close of business each day in
communication with RX;
13 Start procedure for LX in communication with RX, in which
LX is allowed to operate for a certain period and with
a targeted total sales/transaction volume;
14 Transfer of special data and instructions from RX to LX
(blocking of PX, variation of charges, opportunities for
condition programming).
______________________________________
6.2.6 Components of the LX-system The LX-terminal represents a terminal computer system with a number of physically separate functional components. The system shall include the following component parts: A Operator's station 1 10-position keyboard with correction facility; 2 Function keyboard; 3 PX-reader; 4 Operator's display; 5 Non-zeroing counter, partly for the number of transactions (PX read in LX) and partly for the total number of markers added. B Client display C Communication 1 Modem; 2 Telephone apparatus. D Power supply (1) DC/DC converter; (2) Battery; (3) Battery charger. 6.2.7 Requirements relating to the dimensions and weight of the component parts of the LX-system The operator's station is in the form of a table unit. This should occupy a maximum surface area of 300.times.200 mm.sup.2. The height should be .ltoreq.150 mm. The unit shall be designed in such a way that the operator's display is clearly visible to the operator, both in the normal operating position and from a distance of approximately 1.5 m from the operator's station. Furthermore, the keys must be capable of being operated comfortably. 6.2.8 Operating time and back-up In the event of mains failure, the operating time shall be at least 30 hours. The incorporation of a personal code in every transaction provides the advantage that every transaction is authorised and accounted for. The transaction becomes personalised in this way, and the desired high degree of integrity is maintained. This should reduce the risk of hold-ups and the risk of theft. In addition to transactions between the LX-terminal and the PX-meter, it is also possible to imagine a transaction, based on similar identification conditions, between PX-meters or between a PX-meter and a terminal in a commercial firm or similar location.
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