Digital information coding system which evenly distributes valid input data to digital signal processors operating in parallel5155852Abstract A digital signal processing apparatus which is used for the computation of coding image signals or the like and a motion compensative operation method which uses a digital signal processing apparatus. The apparatus comprises a plurality of signal processing means arranged in parallel and control means which assigns loads to the signal processing means so that the signal processing means have even computation volumes. Alternatively, an address generator is provided for each of data sets entered independently. An intermediate check is conducted during the computation for a block which involves a motion compensative operation. Claims What is claimed is: Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
External data
Machine cycle
Register 36
Register 37
Register 39
accx register 46
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1 a.sub.1
b.sub.1
x x x
2 a.sub.2
b.sub.2
a.sub.1 .times. b.sub.1
a.sub.1 .sym. b.sub.1
x
3 a.sub.3
b.sub.3
a.sub.2 .times. b.sub.2
a.sub.2 .sym. b.sub.2
a.sub.1 .sym. b.sub.1
4 a.sub.4
b.sub.4
a.sub.3 .times. b.sub.3
a.sub.3 .sym. b.sub.3
a.sub.2 .sym. b.sub.2
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
N a.sub.N
b.sub.N
a.sub.N-1 .times. b.sub.N-1
a.sub.N-1 .sym. b.sub.N-1
a.sub.N-1 .sym. b.sub.N-2
N + 1 x x a.sub.N .times. b.sub.N
a.sub.N .sym. b.sub.N
a.sub.N-1 .sym. b.sub.N-1
N + 2 x x x x a.sub.N .sym. b.sub.N
N + 3 x x x x x
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Next, after two useless reading cycles of the external memory 47 for timing purposes, multiplication is carried out for N data sets and the results are stored in the 2P-RAM 31. These operations take N+3 machine cycles, which are increased by two command cycles for address initialization, and a total of 2N+10 cycles are expended. An operation of expression (2) also takes 2N+10 cycles. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that if a 3-input-1-output operation is conducted for N data sets using a processor with the ability of 2-input operation at most, it will take about 2N machine cycles (provided that N is sufficiently large). The following describes the cumulative operation for the results of the foregoing 3-input-1-output computation. ##EQU1## In the case of expression (3), the multiplication result for ai.sym.bi and ci (output of register 39) and the intermediate cumulative value are entered to the arithmetic/logic unit 42, and the result of summation is entered back to the same accumulator 44 through the selector 43. Thereby, the process takes 2N+10 cycles unchanged. In the case of expression (4), the data sets (ai.times.bi).sym.ci which have been stored temporarily in the 2P-RAM 31 are read out sequentially and summed by the arithmetic/logic unit 42, and therefore the process needs another N cycles, resulting in a total of 3N+10 cycles. The conventional digital signal processing system is formed as described above, and therefore for a 3-input-1-output operation of three independent data sets, it performs two 2-input-1-output operations. In addition, the process time is further extended for address control, memory transfer and other processes. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing in brief the image coding transmitter which implements the conventional motion compensatory operation method disclosed in an article entitled "Dynamic Multistage Vector Quantization for Images", journal of The Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Vol. J68-B, No. 1, pp. 68-76, Jan. 1985. In the figure, indicated by 51 is an input signal of image data formed of a plurality of consecutive frames on the time axis, 52 is a motion compensator which produces a prediction signal on the basis of the resemblance computation of correlation between the current frame represented by the input signal 51 and the previous frame represented by a previous frame signal 53 which is the previous reduced signal 51, 54 is motion vector information provided by the motion compensator 52 indicative of the position of a prediction signal block, 55 is a prediction signal produced by the motion compensator 52, 56 is a coder which codes the difference between the input signal 51 and the prediction signal 56 to form a coded difference signal, 57 is a decoder which decodes the signal coded by the coder 56, and 58 is a frame memory which stores data reproduced through the summation of the difference signal from the decoder 57 and the prediction signal from the motion compensator 52. The performance of the foregoing arrangement will be described in connection with FIG. 9. The motion compensation process calculates for the input signal 51 the amount of distortion between an 11-by-12 block located in a specific position in the current frame shown in FIG. 9(A) and M blocks in the search range S in the previous frame shown in FIG. 9(B) to evaluate the position of the block y providing a minimal distortion relative to the position of the input block, i.e., motion vector V, and to recognize the signal of the minimal distortion vector block as a prediction signal. The number of motion vectors V under search within the search range S in the given frame is assumed to be M (an integer greater than 1). The amount of distortion of the position of a specific motion vector V between the previous frame blocks and the current input block is calculated as a sum of absolute values of differences as follows. ##EQU2## where input vectors x={x1, x2, . . . , xk}, search object blocks yi={yi1, yi2, . . . , yik}, i=1, 2, . . . , M, and M and K are fixed values. The motion vector V is evaluated as follows. V=Vi{min di.vertline.i=1, 2, . . . , M} (6) FIG. 10 shows the sequence of operations for detecting the motion vector V. Step ST11 calculates a distortion di at each of K sampling points on the basis of expression (5), and the next step ST12 compares the di with the minimal distortion D at position I, and, if di<D, the variables are replaced to be D=di and I=i. These operations are repeated for the number of search vectors, i.e., the operational process of expression (6), to determine the final minimal distortion D and its position I. These operations must be completed within the period of each frame entered successively, and therefore a high-speed digital signal processor is required. As an example, the digital signal processing system shown in FIG. 6 is used to carry out the motion compensation process. In this case, the multiplication-sum operation takes place K.times.M times for each input block, and the number of machine cycles is the total time expended by M times of processes including comparison and updating. Generally, the number of cycles for comparison and updating is small enough as compared with that of the multiplication-sum operation, and the volume of motion compensation operation for one block is virtually equal to K.times.M machine cycles. However, since these operations are determined from the time corresponding to the period of frames entered successively, parallel processing will be needed for the mass multiplication-sum operations to be performed in a short time, depending on the operation process cycle time of a particular digital signal processor. The conventional motion compensation scheme is implemented as described above, and in order to ensure the operation time for an enormous volume of operations when carried out using a digital signal processor, the processor needs to have parallel processings, resulting in an increased complexity and scale of hardware structure. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to overcome the foregoing prior art deficiencies, and a prime object therefore is to provide a digital signal processing apparatus which uses the multiprocessor parallel configuration to its maximal processing ability. Another object of this invention is to provide a digital signal processing apparatus which works efficiently with a less number of processors and less memory capacity while ensuring the latitude of signal processing algorisms. Still another object of this invention is to provide a digital signal processing apparatus which eliminates the need for address control for storing the intermediate result and transfer to the memory, thereby executing fast 3-input-1-output operation. A further object of this invention is to provide a motion compensative operation method which, in constructing the motion compensator of an image coding system with a digital signal processing apparatus, requires a less number of parallel processors, thereby enhancing the simplicity and compactness of the hardware structure. In order to achieve the above objectives, the inventive digital signal processing apparatus comprises a plurality of processors and a task controller which issues address control signals of task assignments to the processors so that they fetch an even quantity of significant information to their memories for processing. Furthermore, the inventive digital signal processing apparatus comprises a plurality of signal processors connected with one another through a dual-port memory arranged in series and/or parallel, a shared memory which can be accessed for reading and writing in blocks of signal processing or in arbitrary number of data from all of the signal processors, a task table which stores the process status in the signal processors, and a data flow controller which scans the contents of the task table at a certain interval, determines a charged process of each signal processor on the basis of feedback data including the occupancy rate of buffer memory reported by the output controller, and directs the interrupt controller of each signal processor to start. Furthermore, the inventive digital signal processing apparatus comprises first through third data reading address generators adapted to read three independent data sets independently and simultaneously, and a pair of arithmetic units and multipliers adapted to execute a 3-input-1-output arithmetic operation at high speed by each receiving the output of its counterpart mutually. The inventive motion compensation method using a digital signal processing apparatus divides a current input frame of digital image data, which consists of a plurality of frames, entered successively into a plurality of blocks, searches the previous input frame for a pattern which resembles one block of the input frame, and implements a coding process with a block of minimal distortion in highest resemblance as a prediction signal, wherein in detecting a block of minimal distortion through the computation of inter-pattern resemblance using the difference and accumulation of pixels in each block between the block of the current input frame and M blocks (M is a positive integer) in the previous input frame, the method uses, for the pattern resemblance computation, a maximum of K pixels (K is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to a total number of pixels in a block), implements an intermediate check n times (n is an integer greater than 0) during the computation of resemblance at time points when the number of reference pixels is smaller than K, skips the computation for remaining pixels when a cumulative value at each intermediate check time point is greater than a threshold value which is set for each intermediate check time point of and excludes the block from the range of comparison for finding a minimal distortion block, and detects by computation the minimal distortion block among blocks in which cumulative values are below the thresholds at all time points of intermediate check. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the multiprocessor system of a conventional digital signal processing apparatus; FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are diagrams explaining the assigned areas of the processors shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of other conventional digital signal processing apparatus; FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing in detail the arrangement of the signal processing module shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the high-efficiency coder for a moving image; FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a third conventional digital signal processing apparatus; FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the process of 3-input arithmetic operation using the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing in brief the arrangement of the image coding transmitter which carries out the conventional motion compensative operation method; FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b) are diagrams used to explain the conventional motion compensative operation method; FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operational process for detecting a motion vector in the conventional motion compensative operation method; FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the digital signal processing apparatus based on the first embodiment of this invention; FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b) are diagrams explaining the area assignment for the processors shown in FIG. 11; FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the digital signal processing apparatus formed by connecting in cascades a plurality of digital signal processors (DSP blocks) shown in FIG. 11; FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the concept of process of each DSP block shown in FIG. 13; FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the digital signal processing apparatus based on the second embodiment of this invention; FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the internal arrangement of the signal processor shown in FIG. 15; FIG. 17 is a diagram explaining the concept of control operation of the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 15; FIG. 18 is a diagram explaining the relation between parameter data and processing block data in the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 15; FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the correspondence between data blocks and a frame; FIG. 20(a) and 20(b) are block diagram of the arrangement in which a plurality of digital signal processors are included in the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 15; FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing the digital signal processing apparatus based on another embodiment of this invention; FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing the operational process of the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 21; FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the inventive motion compensative operation method using a digital signal processing apparatus; FIG. 24 is a diagram used to explain the method of intermediate check for the computation of distortion in the inventive motion compensative operation method; and FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the arrangement of pixel samples at sampling points in a block according to the intermediate check method for the distortion computation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11 shows, as an embodiment of this invention, an example of an image coder of the digital signal processing apparatus. In the figure, input data 1 is entered to first through third input memories 6. A task controller 7 estimates the number of valid pixels on the basis of the contents of the input memory 6, determines the distribution of coding processing among a first, second and third DSP 2, and issues control signals as address control signals 8 to the DSPs 2. Upon receiving the address control signals 8, the first, second, and third DSPs 2 issue addresses 9 to respective first, second and third input memories 6 to fetch data 10 assigned for processing, and implement the coding processes based on the preset program. Upon completion of processes, the first, second and third DSPs 2 store processed data in an output memory 11, which, after reading the whole data of the DSP block, sends the processed data to the next DSP block. In this case, each DSP 2 is controlled by the task controller 7 so that all DSPs 2 have even numbers of valid pixels assigned, and therefore the image coding process time is controlled so that the difference of process times among the DSPs 2 is minimal. Namely, in case of coding an image with numbers of valid pixels as shown in FIG. 12(b), an area A having a relatively small number of valid pixels is enlarged to A', an area C having a relatively large number of valid pixels is also enlarged to C', and an area B having a larger number of valid pixels is reduced to B', as shown in FIG. 12(a), by the task controller 7. The task controller 7 issues the address control signals 8 corresponding to the assignment distribution to the first, second and third DSPs 2. For example, in response to the issuance of the address control signal 8 for coding the image data of area A to the first DSP 2, it produces the address 9 for the area A' in the first input memory 6 to fetch data and implements the image coding process by following the prescribed program. Similarly, the second and third DSPs 2 are directed to carry out the image coding processes for the areas B' and C', respectively. Consequently, the first, second and third DSPs 2 have their numbers of valid pixels EA', EB' and EC' for coding virtually made even, i.e., the same quantity of image data to be processed, as shown in FIG. 12(b). As a result, the maximum volume of process M' dealt with by the inventive apparatus becomes sufficiently less than the volume M of the conventional apparatus, and the process time required for each DSP block is reduced. FIG. 13 shows an inter-frame coder constructed by a serial connection of DSP blocks in three stages. Each DSP block performs the process shown in FIG. 14. The first DSP block 12 receives upon the input data 1 and, after producing a differential signal, implements the valid/invalid judgment, evaluates the distribution of the numbers of valid pixels in the image data, and sends the information to the task controller 7. Based on the information, the task controller 7 issues address control signals 8 for dictating an address adjustment such that the DSPs in the second DSP block 13 have even assignments of data. Each DSP in the second DSP block 13 implements the process by adjusting the read address as described above. The third DSP block 14 is designed to operate as the second block 13 identically. Although in the foregoing embodiment the DSP process assignment areas are controlled on the basis of the valid pixel distribution among areas in image data, the present invention is not confined to this scheme, but feedback DSP assignment control based on the general quantity distribution of transmitted information is also possible, for example. A second embodiment of this invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 15 shows an example of the configuration of a digital signal processing apparatus, the second embodiment of this invention. In the figure, 301 is a data flow control section (D F C) working as a control means; 302 are control parameter data output from the data flow control section 301; 303 is a common memory (C M) which stores feedback data, a large capacity data and table, etc.; 304 is a task table (T B) which stores a processing status of each signal processor element (P E) 318; 305 is a common bus (C-BUS) which has the function as a status communicating means consisting of at least a bus connected to the common memory 303, the task table 304 and each signal processor element 318; 306 is a video frame synchronizing signal (F p) which discriminates the starting point of a video frame to be supplied to the data flow control section 301 in the case of inputting video signals etc.; 307 are feedback data (F b) which inform the data flow control section 301 of the occupying status, data quantity of a sending buffer etc. and finishing of one frame of data processing etc. output from an output control section 308 described later; 308 is an output control section (O C) provided with a buffer memory for outputting data at a certain constant speed in restructuring processed blocks output from a plurality of signal processor elements (P E) 318 for example in the scanning order of a video frame; 309 is an input terminal of analog signals; 310 is an A/D converter; 311 are digitized input data; 312 is a parameter memory (P M) consisting of dual port memories; 313 is an input frame buffer consisting of dual port memories for functioning as a block formation means by memorizing input data 311 temporarily; 314 is a bus connecting the parameter memory 312 to the signal processors elements 318; 315 is a bus connecting the input frame buffer 313 to the signal processors 318 in order to supply data in a block unit; 316 is a common bus input/output port connected to the common bus 305; 317 is an interruption control port for sending/receiving timing control signals from the data flow control section 301; 318 are individual signal processor elements (P E) and these signal processor elements are provided with software which functions as a starting means, and these signal processor elements are mutually connected via buses 314 and 315, and the last stage signal processor element 318 and the output control section 308 are also connected via buses 314 and 315; 319 is an output terminal through which data are output at a certain constant speed and timing from the output control section 308; 320 is a multiprocessor module comprising the parameter memory 312, the input frame buffer 313 and a plurality of signal processor elements 318 connected in series through the buses 314 and 315, for example. The data flow control section 301 has a judgment means which scans the task table 304 at a certain constant cycle and judges the processing conditions of individual signal processor elements 318. The data flow control section 301 also has a control means which based on the result of the judgment means decides if each signal processing module can process the next signal process block and when the processing is found to be possible it makes process start by sending out an interruption signal to the interruption control port 317 and when the processing is found to be impossible it instructs the transfer of the signal process block to another signal processing module which can process the block. When a parallel processing of a constant cycle, in which the task table 304 is scanned, is to be done the scanning period shall be the number of parallel parallelness times of the input cycle of the signal process block, and when a series processing is to be done the scanning period shall be 1/n of the input cycle; thus by the synchronization with the input data frame (for example a video frame) the matching with the real time can be maintained. FIG. 16 shows an example of the internal constitution of the signal processor elements 318 as shown in FIG. 15. In the figure, 330 is a terminal to which the common bus input/output port 316 is to be connected; 331 is a terminal to which the interruption control port 317 is to be connected; 332 is a terminal to which the buses 314 and 315 are to be connected; 333 is similarly a terminal which connects the buses 314 and 315 between the adjacent signal processors; 334 is an external bus control section (BUS-CONT) with the function as a competitive control means to control the make/break of the common bus 305 through the bus 316; 335 is a bus for loading a writable control storage (W C S) 336, which stores a signal processing program, from the external bus control section 334 at an initial time; 337 is a BUSREQ which requires the connection of the common bus 305 to the external bus control section 334; 338 is a BUSACK which denotes the permission for the BUSREQ 337; 339 are command codes which are successively read out from the control storage 336 according to the signal processing program; 340 is a digital signal processor (D S P) which executes data processing; 341 is an INTACK which informs an interruption control section (INTER-CONT) 345 of the reception of an interruption from the digital signal processor 340; 342 is, on the contrary, an INTREQ which informs the digital signal processor 340 of the requirement of an interruption; 343 is a bus to connect an internal bus 344 to the common bus 305 through the external bus control section 334, and the internal bus 344 is directly connected to the digital signal processor 340; 345 is an interruption control section (INTR-CONT) which processes an interruption signal from the data flow control section 301; 346 is a bus which writes the parameter of a processed data block into a dual port memory 349 through the internal bus 344; 347 is similarly a bus which writes a processed block into the dual port memory 349; 348 is a bus which connects a work memory in the dual port memory 349 and the internal bus 344; 349 is a dual port memory provided with a parameter memory, data memory and work memory which outputs data to the adjacent signal processor element 318 through the terminal 333 and buses 314 and 315. FIG. 17 explains the internal control operation of the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 15, and the same parts as those shown in FIG. 15 are given the same symbols; explanation is therefore omitted. In the figure, 351 is a block which shows analytical operation of a parameter inside the signal processor element 318; 352, 353, 354 are blocks which show the operation of individual signal processing subroutines A, B and C according to individual parameters; 355 is a block which shows the contents of a parameter stored in the dual port memory 349; 356 is a block which shows the contents D of processed block data memorized in the dual port memory 349. FIG. 18 explains an example of the relation between the parameter data and process block data until a data block is successively given a series of function processes and an output result is obtained through series and parallel processes of block units executed in the digital signal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 15. In the figure, 360 is a block address (B A D) showing the position of an input block in a frame; 361 is a processing number (PN) showing the kind of a process to be given to said block; 362 is a flag (PFLG) which discriminates the result of the process; 363 is a data block in which for example eight subblocks are combined to form a block. FIG. 19 shows an example of correspondence between the data block 363 shown in FIG. 18 and one video frame when a picture coding process is performed in this system. In the figure, 365 is one video frame; 366 is a data block when a picture is divided into 16 lines.times.16 pixels; 367 is a subblock which is obtained when the block is further divided into 8 blocks of 4 lines.times.4 pixels. An explanation of the operation based on FIG. 15 is given in the following. Input data 311 digitized by an A/D converter 310 are stored in an input frame buffer 313 being scanned in a raster form in synchronization with a video frame synchronizing signal 6, for example. Input data 311 memorized in the input frame buffer 313 are added to initial parameter data 302 by the data flow control section 301 by blocks and the parameter data 302 are memorized in the parameter memory 312. The parameter memory 312 and input frame buffer 313 consist of dual port memories and writing/reading is simultaneously possible between two independent ports. Data blocks are read from the input frame buffer 313, and the parameter is read in a data block unit from the parameter memory 312. Data blocks and parameter are sent through the buses 314 and 315 to the signal processor element 318 where they are given the first process of a series of functional processes in a block unit. Next, the results and the rewritten parameters are written in, the dual port memory 349 in the signal processor element 318. It is the basic function of a processor module 320 to execute processes successively between the adjacent signal processor elements 318 and to execute a pipeline processing for each block unit. When a processing is executed for each block unit, if feedback data such as coded previous frame data are to be referred to, feedback data are input to the common memory 303 connected to the common bus 305 and memorized. The process of a new video frame is performed by such processing that the signal processor element 318 other than the one which data have been written through common bus 305 refers the common memory 303. If the writing of the feedback data of the previous frame is not completed in the proper position in the common memory 303, the execution time of the process shall be specified. When the processing of a unit (block processing) is finished, each signal processor element 381 memorizes the status showing the completion of the present processing in the task table 304, and waits for the next processing. The data flow control section 301 scans the task table 304 and when the processing of the former stage signal processor element 318 is completed, it sends out an interruption signal to said signal processor element 318 and start the next processing. By repeating the operation, the execution of the operation control of each signal processor element 318 is performed. To conduct parallel processing in a block unit for each processor module 320, the data processing condition in the input frame buffer 313 of each processor module 320 is detected with the status information of the initial stage signal processor element 318 and individual block data are distributed by proper load distribution and input to each multi-processor module 320. These results are shown by the control parameter data of the initial stage and the signal processor element 318 discriminates the processing for the block by deciphering the above results and executes a proper processing. Among these processings there are for example functional processors such as a block identifier 253, a coder 254, a local decoder 260, an inter-frame subtracter 252, a motion compensator 265, an inter-frame adder 261, a variable length coder 256, and besides them a processing which performs only load distribution such as a processing of transferring block data is included. In the data flow control section 301, it is possible to make an arbitrary signal processor element 318 undertake an arbitrary processing by controlling the first stage parameter; owing to such performance as mentioned above the load can be so distributed to signal processor element 318 as to make them work efficiently as much as possible. The output control section 308 reconstitutes processed blocks which are output at random times into for example a scanning order of an input video frame and produces a resultant output for an output terminal 319 and also produces feedback data 307 to inform the data flow control section 301 of these data. The output control section 308 takes charge for example of a video multiplex section 257 and a transmitting buffer 258 shown in FIG. 5, and it outputs a feedback signal 269 from the transmitting buffer 258 to a coding control section 270 which takes charge of the data flow control section shown in FIG. 15. The data flow control section 301 takes charge of the functions of above-mentioned load distribution and the coding control section 270 as shown in FIG. 5, and finds the block identification control signal 273 and coding control signal 274 and multiplexes them in the control parameter data for the execution of the whole characteristic control. Refer to FIG. 16; the processing of a single signal processor elements 318 is started by the interruption from the data flow control section 301, and the contents of the parameter memory 312 is input to it through an internal bus 344. On the basis of the discrimination result of the contents, the processing of one unit of block data is performed by a digital signal processor 340. The result and rewritten parameters are written in a dual port memory 349, and the status is set in the task table 304 through an external bus control section 334; thus the preparation for the next process is ready. An interruption control section 345 interfaces the interruption from the data flow control section 301 with the digital signal processor 340. The parameter and the data written in the dual port memory 349 are read by an adjacent signal processor element 318 which is connected to a terminal 333, and the next stage process is given. FIG. 17 shows the flow of these processes performed by the data flow control section 301, and it shows the relation between the control of writing/referring of feedback data to the common memory 303 and the control of status writing in the task table 304 by the data flow control section 301 through the common bus 305, and the start processing control in the signal processor element 318 by a parameter analyzer 351. FIG. 18 shows the rewriting of the contents of control parameter data 302, which are added corresponding to an input block data 363, and the flow of these processes. A block address which shows for example the position in a frame or time sequential order of a block, and a flag 362 which is referred to on the kind of the next process and the contents of the next process are contained in the control parameter data 302. The block address 360 is used for the discrimination of a special process in a certain case for example with an end point in a picture or for the restructure of data in the output control section 308 when a process is finished. The flag 362 shows for example the results etc. of coding control information 271, a block identification control signal 273, coding control signal 274, and a block identifier 253 as shown in FIG. 5. Input block data 363 are set to have the minimum size handled in a unit processing. The motion compensator 265 shown in FIG. 5 has a block of 16.times.16 size and after the block identifier 253 blocks of 4.times.4 size are handled. In such a case as mentioned above where a block size differs for each unit processing, block sizes are arranged to have matching between a maximum block size and a subblock size contained within it. In this case, eight pieces of 4.times.4 blocks are combined to constitute a 16.times.16 block. When coding of a picture is performed, this block corresponds to a small picture element made by dividing an ordinary one frame into small square picture elements. FIG. 19 shows an example where one video frame 365 is divided into a block 366 and subblocks 367. In the above embodiment, a signal processor element 318, which has a single digital signal processor 340, is shown but when a higher speed processing is preferable a hierarchical structure combined with a plural number of digital signal processors can be used. The constitution of the signal processor element 318 in the case of the hierarchical structure is shown in FIG. 20. In this case, as the load for the data flow control section 301 increases a local data flow control section 370, a local common memory 371, and a local task table 372 are provided inside the signal processor element 318 in order to locally execute the optimum load distribution inside the signal processor. The data flow of the digital signal processor 340 which is connected to a local common bus 373 is the same as that shown in FIG. 15 except that the operation is executed inside the signal processor element 318. In the above embodiment, a series/parallel structure is adopted but in some cases a complete parallel or complete series structure is effective according to the purpose of a signal processing and a real time processing could be possible. The other embodiment of this invention is explained with reference to FIG. 21. In FIG. 21, 420, 421 and 422 are address generators for readout data; 423 is an address generator for writing data; 424, 425 and 426 are data memories, and address data generated by the address generator 423 are input to these memories; 427, 428 and 429 are data buses which transfer readout data from the data memories 424, 425 and 426; 430, 431 and 432 are registers for holding data transferred from data buses 427, 428 and 429; 433 is a register to hold the output of the register 432; 434 is a selector to select the output of the register 430 or that of the register 433; 435 is a selector to select the output of the register 431 or that of the register 441; the selector 434 and the selector 435 constitute a first selector group; 436 is a selector to select the output of the register 430 or the output of a register 439; 437 is a selector to select the output of the register 431 or the output of the register 433; the selector 436 and the selector 437 constitute a second selector group; 438 is an operator which operates by inputting the output of the selectors 434 and 435; 440 is a multiplier which performs multiplication by inputting the output of selectors 436 and 437; the register 439 holds the output of the operator 438; a register 441 holds the output of the multiplier 440; 442 is a selector which selects the input from the register 439 or the input from the register 441 and outputs it; 443 is an adder which adds the output of the output selector 442 and the output of an accumulator 444 and outputs to said accumulator 444; 445 is a data bus to transfer output data of the accumulator 444 and the output selector 442; 446 is an interface circuit which performs outputting/inputting of data to/from external circuits; 451-453, 461-463, 471-473 denote signal lines which output the output of data memories 424, 425 and 426 to data buses 427, 428 and 429. The following are the explanation of operation. In FIG. 21, assume that data series with N elements, A=(ai.vertline.i=1 to N), B=(bi.vertline.i=1 to N), C=(ci.vertline.i=1 to N) are previously stored respectively in the data memory 424, data memory 425, and data memory 426. Under the conditions above, the operation when the operation of three inputs and one output is performed is shown below. The operation processing flow is shown in FIG. 22. To begin with, at a step ST31, top addresses of three series of input data and of an output result storing memory are initially set by address generators 420, 421 and 422. After that the ,address generators are assumed to simply increment the initially set addresses. The data memory 424 corresponds to the address generator 420; the data memory 425 corresponds to the address generator 421; the data memory 426 corresponds to the address generator 422. Individual data memories 424, 425 and 426 readout data based on the addresses of address generators 420, 421 and 422. Data are input to three data buses 427, 428 and 429 (X-BUS, Y-BUS, Z-BUS) respectively from data memories 424, 425 and 426, so that for the outputting of each of these data memories 424, 425 and 426 to a specified data bus, only one bus out of three is controlled to be effective, and the other two are controlled to be in the state of a high impedance. In this case, the output of data buses is limited to that of the one which is made to be effective. For example, when A data series is to be input to the register 430, the A series data are output to the signal line 451, and the signal lines 461 and 471, which output data from other data memories 425 and 426 to the data bus 427, are in the state of a high impedance. The same thing goes for other data buses. Each of these data series are set respectively in the registers 430, 431 and 432. Three data buses 427, 428 and 429 can select data from three data memories 424, 425 and 426, so that 3.sup.3 kinds of data set combinations can be supplied to the registers 430, 431 and 432. Two expressions as shown below are defined in the way of three input operations and then the processing method is shown in the following: (ai.sym.bi).times.ci (7) (ai.times.bi).sym.ci (8) where (x.sym.y) expresses an arithmetic and logic operation for finding results or values of addition, subtraction, maximum values or minimum values for two input data x, y, and (x.times.y) expresses multiplication. The explanation of operation processing flow of the expression (7) is given in the Table 3. "x" marks in the table represent unknowns.
TABLE 3
__________________________________________________________________________
Machine
Register
Register
Register
Register
Register
Register Output of output
cycle
430 431 432 433 439 441 selector
__________________________________________________________________________
442
1 a.sub.1
b.sub.1
c.sub.1
x x x x
2 a.sub.2
b.sub.2
c.sub.2
c.sub.1
a.sub.1 .sym. b.sub.1
x x
3 a.sub.3
b.sub.3
c.sub.3
c.sub.2
a.sub.2 .sym. b.sub.2
(a.sub.1 .sym. b.sub.1)
xtimes. c.sub.1
4 a.sub.4
b.sub.4
c.sub.4
c.sub.3
a.sub.3 .sym. b.sub.3
(a.sub.1 .sym. b.sub.2)
##STR12## b.2
##STR13##
##STR14##
##STR15##
##STR16##
##STR17##
##STR18##
##STR19##
##STR20##
##STR21##
N a.sub.N
b.sub.N
c.sub.N
c.sub.N-1
a.sub.N-1 .sym. b.sub.N-1
##STR22##
##STR23##
N + 1
x x x c.sub.N
a.sub.N .sym. b.sub.N
##STR24##
##STR25##
N + 2
x x x x x (a.sub.N .sym. b.sub.N)
##STR26## b.N
N + 3
x x x x x x (a.sub.N .sym. b.sub.N)
.times. c.sub.N
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At a step ST32 a selector 434 selects the side of a register 430 and a selector 431 selects the side of a register 435. By the use of these two selected data (ai and bi) the operation (ai.sym.bi) is performed with an operator 438, and the result is stored in a register 439. This value is output from the register 439 in the next step. The data ci in the register 432 are delayed by the register 433 by one step. In the next step a selector 436 selects the side of the register 439 and a selector 437 selects the input of register 433. By the use of these two data, (ai.sym.bi) is multiplied by ci with the multiplier 440 and the result (ai.sym.bi).times.ci is stored in a register 441. This value is output from the register 441 in the next step. By an output selector 442's selecting the register 441, the data (ai.sym.bi).times.ci are sent to one of the data memories 424, 425 and 426 through a data bus 445 based on the address shown by the address generator 423. In this invention, readout of data, execution of operation and writing of data are continuously executed by a pipeline processing, so that the control of each section can be operated in parallel. Therefore if the three input one output operation is executed for a data series with N elements, from the time when the first datum is readout until the time when the processing result of the last datum is written into a memory, the period of (N+3) cycles are required. The explanation of operation processing flow of expression (8) is given in Table 4. The mark "x" in Table 4 represents an unknown.
TABLE 4
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Machine
Register
Register
Register
Register
Register Register
Output of output
cycle
430 431 432 433 439 441 selector 442
__________________________________________________________________________
1 a.sub.1
b.sub.1
c.sub.1
x x x x
2 a.sub.2
b.sub.2
c.sub.2
c.sub.1
x a.sub.1 .times. b.sub.1
x
3 a.sub.3
b.sub.3
c.sub.3
c.sub.2
(a.sub.1 .times. b.sub.1) .sym. c.sub.1
a.sub.2 .times. b.sub.2
x
4 a.sub.4
b.sub.4
c.sub.4
c.sub.3
(a.sub.2 .times. b.sub.2) .sym. c.sub.2
a.sub.3 .times. b.sub.3
(a.sub.1 .times. b.sub.1) .sym.
c.sub.1
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
N a.sub.N
b.sub.N
c.sub.N
c.sub.N-1
. . .
. . .
. . .
N + 1
x x x c.sub.N
. a.sub.N .times. b.sub.N
.
. .
. .
N + 2
x x x x (a.sub.N .times. b.sub.N) .sym. c.sub.N
x .
.
.
N + 3
x x x x x x (a.sub.N .times. b.sub.N) .sym.
c.sub.N
__________________________________________________________________________
The operation in which three input data are readout to registers 430, 431 and 432 is the same as that in the case of expression (7). When the operation of expression (8) is executed, the selector 436 selects the side of the register 430 and the selector 437 selects the side of the register 431, and the operation (ai.times.bi) is performed by the multiplier 440 and the result is set in the register 441. In the next step, the selector 434 selects the input of the, register 433 and the selector 435 selects the input of the register 441, and the operation (ai.times.bi).sym.ci is executed by the operator 438 and the result is set in the register 439. In the next step, by the selector 442's selecting the side of the register 439 the selection result is written into one of the data memories 424 to 426. Thus the case of the operation of expression (8) is the same as the case of expression (7), thereby the total processing time requires (N+3) cycles. In the case of the operation of two input one output, the value of (ai.sym.bi) can be obtained through the procedure as shown in the following: the selector 434 selects the input of the register 430 and the selector 435 selects the input of the register 431 and after the operation is executed by the operator 438 the input of the register 439 is selected by the selector 442 in the next step. The value of (ai.times.bi) can be obtained through the procedure as shown in the following: the selector 436 selects the input of the register 430 and the selector 437 selects the input of the register 431, and after the execution of the operation with the multiplexer 440 the selector 442 selects the input of the register 441 in the next step. The processing speed in the case of three input one output is (2N+10/N+7) times of that of prior art, that is almost half times if N is a large number. When a cumulative value is to be found in the three input one output operation, a cumulative value to an intermediate point or an initial value is stored in the accumulator 444 and each one of the successive operation results is added to the cumulative value in the accumulator 444 with the adder 443 and the added result is stored in the accumulator 444 again. These processes are performed repeatedly. Processing cycles therefore are not increased due to cumulative operation. FIG. 23 shows a flow chart to realize a method for motion compensative operation which refers to an embodiment of this invention. FIG. 24 is a drawing for the explanation of an intermediate check method in the distortion quantity operation in this invention. FIG. 25 is a disposition drawing of a pixel sample at a sample point in a block in the intermediate check method for distortion operation in this invention. Before the operation process, on the first block among M candidate blocks for search in the previous frame data, distortion quantity of all the pixels in the block shall be measured; the distortion quantity in this case is defined to be the minimum distortion. As for the distortion quantity, differential absolute value sum is adopted. In the distortion quantity operation about on and after the second block the calculation of differential absolute values of all pixels is not needed, but at an intermediate check point if the intermediate distortion quantity exceeds a certain value, it is judged that the ultimate distortion quantity of the block cannot be smaller than the minimum distortion D and the distortion quantity operation for the remaining part is stopped. A block which gives the minimum distortion is detected by the calculation of the degree of approximation between the patterns by using the difference and accumulation of pixels in the respective M blocks which are selected out of the present input frame and the previous input frame (M is a positive integer). The number of pixels used for the calculation of the degree of approximation is K at the maximum (K is an integer greater than or equal to one and smaller than or equal to the number of a total number of pixels in one block). During the calculation of the degree of approximation at the time when the number of pixels in reference is less than K intermediate checks are performed four times, and an intermediate check point shall be provided in each 1/4 sample point. FIG. 25 shows examples of sample points used for distortion quantity operation. The mark .largecircle. expresses a first time sample point for distortion quantity operation; the mark x expresses a second time sample point for distortion quantity operation; the mark .DELTA. expresses a third time sample point for distortion quantity operation; the mark .circleincircle. expresses a fourth time sample point for distortion quantity operation. In FIG. 24 when the total number of sample points is assumed to be K, express threshold levels at a first, second and third intermediate check points as d1', d2' and d3'; then put d1'=D/4+th1 (9-1) d2'=D/2+th2 (9-2) d3'=3D/4+th3 (9-3) where th1, th2, th3 can be set independently. Express the distortion quantity at the first, second and third intermediate points as di1, di2 and di3. In this case, di1 expresses the value of the first time distortion quantity in FIG. 25; di2 expresses a cumulative value, di1 plus the second time distortion quantity; di3 expresses a cumulative value, di2 plus the third time distortion quantity. Therefore, the cumulative value in which the fourth time distortion quantity is accumulated becomes the distortion quantity in which all sample points are included. On the basis of a distortion quantity judgment at an intermediate check point if a block is estimated to have a large distortion quantity, the checking of the block is canceled before the block reaches the last check point to save useless operation processes. In other words if a distortion quantity di1 which is obtained by a distortion calculation at 1/4 K sample point in a step ST41 is found to be di1>d1' by the judgment in the next step ST42, the block is canceled, if not, the operation is continued to the next step ST43 and the operation of distortion quantity di2 is performed with the distortion calculation at 1/4 K sample point. If it is found that di2>d2' in the judgment in the next step ST44 the block is canceled and if not, the operation is continued into the step ST45. The operation of distortion quantity di3 is performed with the calculation at 3/4 K sample point, and if it is found that di3>d3' by the judgment in the next step ST46 this block is canceled, if not, the operation is continued into the step ST47 and the distortion quantity di at K sample point is calculated for performing comparison and renewal. As shown in the above if the processing is performed till the last step the same result is obtained as that obtained with the conventional method in which all the pixels are used for a distortion operation. If the distortion quantity di, in this case, is smaller than the minimum distortion D, the value of the minimum distortion D is renewed for di and the motion vector index is renewed for the index i. The. /final minimum value of distortion D and the vector index I which shows the movement to give D can be obtained by repeating such operating processes as mentioned above by the number of times corresponding to the number of searching vectors till the process proceeds up to the Mth block. In the above embodiment, differential absolute value sum is used for distortion quantity operation, but differential square value sum can also be used. In the above embodiment, explanation is made about the case of motion compensative operation, but the execution of inner product vector quantization operation is also possible and the same effect can be obtained. When an operation result is compared with a threshold value at an intermediate check point, the relation in magnitude is opposite to what is mentioned in the above embodiment.
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