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Remote operation of computing device |
Mediating conflicts in computer user's context data6747675
Abstract
Techniques are described providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes. In some situations, the providing includes receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state, receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute, and, after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values.
Claims
We claim:
1. A method in a wearable computer for providing information about a current state of a user of the wearable computer, the current state modeled with multiple state attributes, the wearable computer having a plurality of input sensors and executing a plurality of state server modules to supply values for the state attributes, executing a plurality of state client modules to receive and process values for the state attributes, and executing an intermediary module to facilitate exchange of state attribute values, the method comprising:
under control of each of the executing state server modules, repeatedly monitoring the modeled current state of the user by,
receiving information from at least one of the input sensors; and
generating a current value for at least one state attribute of the user from the received information;
under control of each of the executing state client modules, sending to the intermediary module an indication of a state attribute of the user of interest; and
under control of the intermediary module, for each executing state client module,
receiving from the state client module the indication of the state attribute;
receiving from at least one of the state server modules a generated current value for the indicated state attribute; and
sending an appropriate value for the indicated state attribute to the state client module by,
when a single generated current value for the indicated state attribute is received, sending the single value to the state client module;
when multiple generated current values for the indicated state attribute are received from a single state server module, sending a most recently generated of the multiple received values to the state client module; and
when multiple generated current values for the indicated state attribute are received from multiple state server modules, sending to the state client module one of the multiple received values selected based on accuracy and recency of the selected value.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the sending of the appropriate values to the state client modules is in response to the receiving of the generated current values from at least one of the state server modules.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the sending of the appropriate values to the state client modules is in response to the receiving of the indication of the state attribute from the state client module.
4. The method of claim 3 including, after the receiving of the indication of the state attribute and before the sending of the appropriate value in response:
determining whether any previously received generated values for the indicated state attribute are sufficiently accurate and recent to be appropriate; and
when it is determined that no previously received generated values for the indicated state attribute are sufficiently accurate and recent to be appropriate, requesting the at least one state server module to supply an updated generated value for the indicated state attribute.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein each state client module has a user and including, for each state client module:
receiving the sent appropriate value from the intermediary module; and
presenting information to the user of the state client module based on the receiving of the sent appropriate value.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the state server modules additionally generate current values for additional state attributes of a current state other than for the user, and wherein the intermediary module additionally sends appropriate values for the additional state attributes to state client modules based on received indications of the additional state attributes from the state client modules.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the selecting of a received generated value based on the accuracy and the recency of the value includes determining whether the value has an associated effective time that is less than an indicated recency threshold and determining whether the value has an associated accuracy indication that is greater than an indicated accuracy threshold.
8. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and including, after receiving the request from the client and before the sending of the produced mediated value,
determining for each of the first and second values whether the value satisfies an indicated criteria; and
when it is determined that neither of the first and second values satisfy the indicated criteria,
requesting at least one of the first and second sources to supply a value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria; and
producing the value to be sent to the client by mediating between the received additional values.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the indicated state attribute represents information about a user of the computer.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the represented information reflects a modeled mental state of the user.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the indicated state attribute represents information about a physical environment of a user of the computer.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the indicated state attribute represents information about a cyber-environment of a user of the computer.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the indicated state attribute represents information about the computer.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the indicated state attribute represents a current prediction about a future state.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the client indication is an indication of an interest in receiving values for the indicated state attribute, and wherein the produced mediated value is pushed to the client in response to the receiving of at least one of the first and second values.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and including requesting the first and second sources to supply the first and second values in response to the receiving of the request.
17. The method of claim 8 wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and wherein the sending of the produced mediated value is in response to the receiving of the request.
18. The method of claim 8 wherein the criteria is indicated by the client.
19. The method of claim 8 wherein the criteria for the value is based on precision of the value.
20. The method of claim 8 wherein the criteria for the value is based on recency of generation of the value.
21. The method of claim 8 wherein the criteria for the value is based on recency of receipt of the value.
22. The method of claim 8 wherein the criteria for the value is based on accuracy of the value.
23. The method of claim 8 wherein the available values include a plurality of additional values for the indicated state attribute that are received from a plurality of sources.
24. The method of claim 8 wherein the produced mediated value is the first value, and wherein the sending of the produced mediated value to the client includes sending an indication of the source from which the produced mediated value was received.
25. The method of claim 8 wherein the sending of the produced mediated value to the client includes sending an indication of a mediator type used for the mediating.
26. The method of claim 8 including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the client is the first source, and wherein after receiving the sent mediated value the client uses the received value to produce a new value for one of the state attributes.
28. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism includes a group of instructions to be executed to perform the mediating.
29. The method of claim 28 including loading and executing the group of instructions in response to receiving of the client indication.
30. The method of claim 26 wherein the first source includes a group of instructions to be executed to produce the first value, and including loading and executing the group of instructions in response to receiving of the client indication so that the first source can produce the first value.
31. The method of claims 26 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a generated average of the available values.
32. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to indicate each of the available values to a user and to select the produced mediated value based on selection by the user of one of the indicated available values.
33. The method of claim 26 wherein the available values have multiple associated properties, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value based on at least one indicated property.
34. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select the available value that is most recently received.
35. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select the available value that is most recently produced by the source from which the value was received.
36. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a generated aggregation of the available values.
37. The method of claim 26 including, before the receiving of the first and second values, requesting the first and second sources to supply values for the indicated state attribute, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a value received first in response to the requesting.
38. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value from a source that is in a group of at least one preferred source.
39. The method of claim 26 including receiving from the client an indication of a source, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value received from the indicated source.
40. The method of claim 26 wherein the mediation mechanism is a default mediation mechanism for the indicated state attribute.
41. The method of claim 26 including selecting the mediation mechanism to assist in the mediating based on an indication received from the client.
42. The method of claim 26 including selecting the mediation mechanism to assist in the mediating based on an indication received from at least one of the sources of the available values.
43. The method of claim 26 including receiving from the client an indication of another state attribute and an indication that a source for a value for the indicated another state attribute is to be the same source as for the produced mediated value for the indicated state attribute, and wherein a mediation mechanism indicates to select a value for the indicated another state attribute that is received from the same source so that the selected value can be sent to the client.
44. The method of claim 26 including generating at least one of the available values for the indicated state attribute.
45. The method of claim 26 including receiving a group of instructions for the mediation mechanism that when executed produces the indication from the mediation mechanism.
46. The method of claim 8 wherein receiving of the sent mediated value by the client prompts the client to present information to a user of the client.
47. The method of claim 8 including receiving another value for the indicated state attribute after the sending of the mediated value, and when it is determined that the another value is more appropriate than the sent mediated value, sending the another value to the client.
48. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including maintaining a rating for each source based on at least one indicated rating factor, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value from a source with a highest rating.
49. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the available values for the indicated state attribute have a designated order, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value that is first in the designated order.
50. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the available values for the indicated state attribute have a designated order, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value that is last in the designated order.
51. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including, before the receiving of the first and second values, receiving a registration message from each of the first and second sources indicating an availability to supply values for the indicated state attribute, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a value supplied by a source whose registration message was first received.
52. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value from a source whose values are most consistent over time.
53. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value that is received from a source with a highest value resolution capability.
54. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value that is received from a source with a highest value precision capability.
55. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a generated weighted average of the available values using an indicated weighting mechanism.
56. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a most frequently occurring value among the available values.
57. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein each of the available values has an associated confidence factor indicating a likelihood of accuracy of the value, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select the available value with the highest associated confidence factor.
58. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value from a source that is certified by a third party.
59. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select an available value from a most recently generated source.
60. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including selecting the mediation mechanism to assist in the mediating based on feedback from previous uses of the mediation mechanism.
61. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including selecting the mediation mechanism to assist in the mediating based on cost of the mediation mechanism.
62. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including selecting the mediation mechanism to assist in the mediating based on a type of the client.
63. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including selecting the mediation mechanism to assist in the mediating based on an indication received from a third-party.
64. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating between the available values for the indicated state attribute based on an indication from a mediation mechanism; and
including receiving from the first source an indication of a group of at least one authorized client, and wherein the first value received from the first source is used as one of the available values for the mediating only if the client is one of the authorized clients.
65. A computer-readable medium whose contents cause a computing device to provide mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, by:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication for a value for the indicated state attribute, producing a mediated value for the indicated state attribute by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and including, after receiving the request from the client and before the sending of the produced mediated value:
determining for each of the first and second values whether the value satisfies an indicated criteria; and
when it is determined that neither of the first and second values satisfy the indicated criteria,
requesting at least one of the first and second sources to supply a value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria; and
producing the value to be sent to the client by mediating between the received additional values.
66. A computer-readable generated data signal transmitted via a transmission medium, the generated data signal having encoded contents that cause a computer system to provide mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, by:
receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state;
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values:
and wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and including, after receiving the request from the client and before the sending of the produced mediated value:
determining for each of the first and second values whether the value satisfies an indicated criteria; and
when it is determined that neither of the first and second values satisfy the indicated criteria,
requesting at least one of the first and second sources to supply a value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria; and
producing the value to be sent to the client by mediating between the received additional values.
67. A computer system for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
a first module capable of receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state, and of receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
a second module capable of, after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and including, after receiving the request from the client and before the sending of the produced mediated value:
determining for each of the first and second values whether the value satisfies an indicated criteria; and
when it is determined that neither of the first and second values satisfy the indicated criteria,
requesting at least one of the first and second sources to supply a value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria; and
producing the value to be sent to the client by mediating between the received additional values.
68. A computer system for providing mediated information about a current state that is modeled with multiple state attributes, comprising:
means for receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the state attributes of the modeled current state and for receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated state attribute; and
means for, after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated state attribute, sending to the client a mediated value for the indicated state attribute that is produced by mediating between available values for the indicated state attribute including at least the first and second values;
and wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated state attribute, and including, after receiving the request from the client and before the sending of the produced mediated value;
determining for each of the first and second values whether the value satisfies an indicated criteria; and
when it is determined that neither of the first and second values satisfy the indicated criteria,
requesting at least one of the first and second sources to supply a value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated state attribute that satisfies the indicated criteria; and
producing the value to be sent to the client by mediating between the received additional values.
69. A method in a portable computer for providing mediated information about a context of a user of the computer, the portable computer being transported with the user, the state represented with multiple state attributes and varying with location of the user, comprising:
while the user is at a first location and has a first state based at least in part on the first location, receiving from a first source an indication of a first value for an indicated one of the attributes; and
while the user is at a second location and has a second state based at least in part on the second location,
receiving from a second source an indication of a second value for the indicated attribute; and
after an indication from a client for a value for the indicated attribute,
producing a mediated value for the indicated attribute based on at least the first and second values; and
sending the produced mediated value to the client.
70. The method of claim 69 wherein the first source is at the first location and is remote from the portable computer, wherein the received first value is based on the first location, and wherein the mediated value produced while the user is at the second location is the second value.
71. The method of claim 69 wherein the first source is part of the portable computer, and including receiving from the first source while the user is at the second location an indication of a third value for the indicated attribute such that the producing of the mediated value is additionally based on the third value.
72. The method of claim 69 wherein the first source is remote from the portable computer and the first location, and including receiving from the first source while the user is at the second location an indication of a third value for the indicated attribute such that the producing of the mediated value is additionally based on the third value.
73. A computer-implemented method for providing mediated information about a current context that is represented with multiple context attributes, comprising:
receiving from each of multiple sources a value for an indicated one of the context attributes of the current context;
storing the received values;
after the storing, receiving a request from a client for a value for the indicated context attribute; and
in response to the receiving of the request,
determining for each of the stored received values whether the value satisfies a criteria indicated for the requested value;
when it is determined that none of the stored values satisfy the criteria,
requesting at least one source to supply a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria; and
sending to the client a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria and that is produced by mediating between at least the received additional values; and
when at least one of the stored values is determined to satisfy the criteria, sending to the client a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria and that is produced by mediating between the values determined to satisfy the criteria.
74. The method of claim 73 including, for each of the additional values that is received from one of the multiple sources, replacing the stored value previously received from that one source with the additional value received from that one source.
75. The method of claim 73 wherein the criteria is indicated by the client.
76. The method of claim 73 wherein the mediating includes using an indicated mediator.
77. The method of claim 73 wherein the sending of the value to the client includes sending an indication of the source from which the produced mediated value was received.
78. The method of claim 73 wherein the sending of the value to the client includes sending an indication of a mediator type used for the mediating.
79. The method of claim 73 including producing the mediated value to be sent by mediating based on an indication from a mediation mechanism.
80. The method of claim 79 wherein the client is one of the multiple sources, and wherein after receiving the sent mediated value the client uses the received value to produce a new value for one of the context attributes.
81. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism includes a group of instructions to be executed to perform the mediating.
82. The method of claim 81 including loading and executing the group of instructions in response to receiving of the client indication.
83. The method of claim 79 wherein at least one of the multiple sources includes a group of instructions to be executed to produce a value for an indicated one of the context attributes of the current context, and including loading and executing the group of instructions in response to receiving of the client request so that the first source can produce the value.
84. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a generated average of the available values.
85. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to indicate each of the values that satisfy the criteria to a user and to select the produced mediated value based on selection by the user of one of the indicated values that satisfy the criteria.
86. The method of claim 79 wherein the values that satisfy the criteria have multiple associated properties, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a value based on at least one indicated property.
87. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select the value that is most recently received.
88. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select the value that is most recently produced by the source from which the value was received.
89. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a generated aggregation of the values that satisfy the criteria.
90. The method of claim 79 including, before receiving from each of multiple sources a value for an indicated one of the context attributes of the current context, requesting at least one of the multiple sources to supply a value for the indicated context attribute, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a value received first in response to the requesting.
91. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a value from a source that is in a group of at least one preferred source.
92. The method of claim 79 including receiving from the client an indication of a source, and wherein the mediation mechanism indicates to select a value received from the indicated source.
93. The method of claim 79 wherein the mediation mechanism is a default mediation mechanism for the indicated context attribute.
94. The method of claim 79 including selecting the mediation mechanism based on an indication received from the client.
95. The method of claim 79 including selecting the mediation mechanism based on an indication received from at least one of the sources.
96. The method of claim 79 including receiving from the client an indication of another context attribute and an indication that a source for a value for the indicated another context attribute is to be the same source as for the produced mediated value for the indicated context attribute, and wherein a mediation mechanism indicates to select a value for the indicated another context attribute that is received from the same source so that the selected value can be sent to the client.
97. The method of claim 79 including generating at least one of the values for the indicated context attribute.
98. The method of claim 79 including receiving a group of instructions for the mediation mechanism that when executed produces the indication from the mediation mechanism.
99. The method of claim 73 wherein the indicated context attribute represents information about a user of the computer.
100. The method of claim 99 wherein the represented information reflects a modeled mental state of the user.
101. The method of claim 73 wherein the indicated context attribute represents information about a physical environment of a user of the computer.
102. The method of claim 73 wherein the indicated context attribute represents information about a cyber-environment of a user of the computer.
103. The method of claim 73 wherein the indicated context attribute represents information about the computer.
104. The method of claim 73 wherein the indicated context attribute represents a current prediction about a future state.
105. The method of claim 104 wherein the client indication is an indication of an interest in receiving values for the indicated context attribute, and wherein the produced mediated value is pushed to the client in response to the receiving of at least one of the first and second values.
106. The method of claim 104 wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated context attribute, and including requesting the first and second sources to supply the first and second values in response to the receiving of the request.
107. The method of claim 73 wherein the client indication is a request for the value for the indicated context attribute, and wherein the sending of the produced mediated value is in response to the receiving of the request.
108. The method of claim 73 wherein receiving of the sent mediated value by the client prompts the client to present information to a user of the client.
109. The method of claim 73 including receiving another value for the indicated context attribute after the sending of the mediated value, and when it is determined that the another value is more appropriate than the sent mediated value, sending the another value to the client.
110. A computer-readable medium whose contents cause a computing device to provide mediated information about a current context that is represented with multiple context attributes, by performing a method comprising:
receiving from each of multiple sources a value for an indicated one of the context attributes of the current context;
storing the received values;
after the storing, receiving a request from a client for a value for the indicated context attribute; and
in response to the receiving of the request,
determining for each of the stored received values whether the value satisfies a criteria indicated for the requested value;
when it is determined that none of the stored values satisfy the criteria,
requesting at least one source to supply a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria;
receiving in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria; and
sending to the client a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria and that is produced by mediating between at least the received additional values; and
when at least one of the stored values is determined to satisfy the criteria, sending to the client a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria and that is produced by mediating between the values determined to satisfy the criteria.
111. A computing system for providing mediated information about a current context that is represented with multiple context attributes, comprising:
a first module configured to receive from each of multiple sources a value for an indicated one of the context attributes of the current context;
memory for storing the received values;
a second module configured to receive a request from a client for a value for the indicated context attribute and to, in response to the receiving of the request,
determine for each of the stored received values whether the value satisfies a criteria indicated for the requested value;
when it is determined that none of the stored values satisfy the criteria,
request at least one source to supply a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria;
receive in response to the requesting at least one additional value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria; and
send to the client a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria and that is produced by mediating between at least the received additional values; and
when at least one of the stored values is determined to satisfy the criteria, send to the client a value for the indicated context attribute that satisfies the criteria and that is produced by mediating between the values determined to satisfy the criteria.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The following disclosure relates generally to computer-based modeling of information, and more particularly to modeling and exchanging context data, such as for a wearable personal computer.
BACKGROUND
Computer systems increasingly have access to a profusion of input information. For example, a computer may be able to receive instructions and other input from a user via a variety of input devices, such as a keyboard, various pointing devices, or an audio microphone. A computer may also be able to receive information about its surroundings using a variety of sensors, such as temperature sensors. In addition, computers can also receive information and communicate with other devices using various types of network connections and communication schemes (e.g., wire-based, infrared or radio communication).
Wearable personal computers (or "wearables") can have even greater access to current input information. Wearables are devices that commonly serve as electronic companions and intelligent assistants to their users, and are typically strapped to their users' bodies or carried by their user in a holster. Like other computers, wearables may have access to a wide variety of input devices. Moreover, in addition to more conventional input devices, a wearable may have a variety of other input devices such as chording keyboards or a digitizer tablet. Similarly, a wearable computer may have access to a wide variety of sensors, such as barometric pressure sensors, global positioning system devices, or a heart rate monitor for determining the heart rate of its user. Wearables also may have access to a wide variety of non-conventional output devices, such as display eyeglasses and tactile output devices.
Many applications executing on computers utilize data received by the computer from sensors or other input sources. For example, a position mapping application for a wearable computer may utilize data received from a global positioning system device in order to plot its user's physical location and to determine whether that position is within a specified region. In this example, the global positioning system device produces data that is consumed by the position mapping application.
In conventional wearable computer systems, the position mapping application would be designed to interact directly with the global positioning system device sensor to obtain the needed data. For example, the application may be required to instruct the device to obtain position information, retrieve the information obtained by the device, convert it to conventional latitude and longitude representation, and determine whether the represented location is within the special region.
The need for such direct interaction between applications and sensors in order to obtain and process data has several significant disadvantages. First, developing an application to interact directly with a particular sensor can introduce sensor-specific dependencies into the application. Accordingly, the application may need to be subsequently modified to be able to interact successfully with alternatives to that sensor provided by other manufacturers, or even to interact successfully with future versions of the same sensor. Alternately, the sensor could be developed to explicitly support a particular type of application (e.g, via a device driver provided with the sensor), which would analogously introduce application-specific dependencies into the sensor.
Second, direct interaction between the application and the sensor can give rise to conflicts between multiple applications that consume the same data. For example, if the position mapping application was executing on the same wearable computer as a second application for determining the user's distance from home, and the second application also used the global positioning system device, the two applications' interactions with the device could interfere with one another.
Third, direct interaction between the application and the sensor can give rise to conflicts between multiple sensors that produce the same data. For example, if the position mapping application was executing on a wearable computer that had access to both the global positioning system device and an indoor positioning system, the application might well have trouble determining which device to use to determine the user's current position, and/or have trouble reconciling data produced by both devices.
Fourth, rather than an application having to directly process observable data from the sensors and derive more abstract information itself, it would be advantageous for the application to be able to rely on a separate programmatic entity that derives such abstract information and provides it to the application. For example, it would be more convenient for the position mapping application to be able rely on a separate programmatic entity that determines the user's location, and to then use that information to determine whether the user is in a special region.
Accordingly, a facility for exchanging information between sensors and applications in a wearable computer system would have significant utility.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the characterization module executing on a general-purpose body-mounted wearable computer.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the characterization module executing on an exemplary computer system.
FIG. 3 is a data flow diagram showing a sample exchange of attributes performed by the characterization module.
FIG. 4 is a data structure diagram showing an example context server table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module.
FIG. 5 is a data structure diagram showing an example attribute instance table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module.
FIG. 6 is a data structure diagram showing an example context client table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module.
FIG. 7 is a data structure diagram showing updated contents of the attribute instance table.
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the GetAttribute function.
FIG. 9 is a data structure diagram showing updated contents of the attribute instance table.
FIG. 10 is a data structure diagram showing an example condition table that contains a portion of the state of the characterization module.
FIG. 11 is a data structure diagram showing an example condition monitor table that maintains a portion of the state of the characterization module.
FIG. 12 is a data structure diagram showing updated contents of the condition monitor table.
FIG. 13 is a data flow diagram showing the operation of the facility without a characterization module.
FIG. 14 is a data structure diagram showing an example attribute request table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module.
FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a plain-language, hierarchical, taxonometric attribute nomenclature.
FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an alternate hierarchical taxonomy related to context.
FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Characterization Module routine.
FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Notification Processing subroutine.
FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Dynamically Specify Available Clients, Servers, and Attributes subroutine.
FIG. 20 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Process Distributed Characterization Module Message subroutine.
FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Process Attribute Value Or Value Request Message subroutine.
FIG. 22 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Process Received Attribute Value subroutine.
FIG. 23 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Process Additional Information About Received Value subroutine.
FIG. 24 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Mediate Available Values subroutine.
FIG. 25 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Pull Attribute Value From Server subroutine.
FIG. 26 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Push Attribute Value To Client subroutine.
FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Context Client routine.
FIG. 28 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Context Server routine.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A software facility is described below that exchanges information between sources of context data and consumers of context data. In particular, in a preferred embodiment, a characterization module operating in a wearable computer system receives context information from one or more context servers (or "suppliers"), and provides that information to one or more context clients (or "consumers"). This context information represents a particular context (or "state" or "condition") of the wearable, the user of the wearable, the surrounding physical environment and/or the available electronic data environment (or "cyber-environment"). In some embodiments the context is represented (or "modeled") with a variety of attributes (or "variables") each modeling a single aspect of the context. By facilitating the exchange of context information, the facility reduces dependencies of context client applications on specific sensors and other input sources, resolves conflicts between context client applications that consume the same context data, resolves conflicts between multiple sensors or other input sources that produce the same data, and isolates the generation of derived attributes from context client applications.
A context is modeled or represented with multiple attributes that each correspond to a specific element of the context (e.g., ambient temperature, location or a current user activity), and the value of an attribute represents a specific measure of that element. Thus, for example, for an attribute that represents the temperature of the surrounding air, an 80.degree. Fahrenheit value represents a specific measurement of that temperature. Each attribute preferably has the following properties: a name, a value, an uncertainty level, units, and a timestamp. Thus, for example, the name of the air temperature attribute may be "ambient-temperature," its units may be degrees Fahrenheit, and its value at a particular time may by 80. Associated with the current value may be a timestamp of Feb. 27, 1999 13:07 PST that indicates when the value was generated, and an uncertainty level of +/-1 degrees.
Context servers supply values for attributes by receiving and processing input information from sensors or other sources. Attribute values provided by a context server may either be "measured" (or "observed") in that they are directly received from an input source, or may instead be "derived" in that they are the result of performing processing on one or more measured attribute values. Indeed, a derived attribute value may be produced by performing additional processing on one or more other derived attribute values. Context attributes (or "condition variables") are discussed in greater detail in both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/216,193, filed Dec. 18, 1998 and entitled "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION TO A USER BASED ON THE USER'S CONDITION", and provisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/193,999, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "OBTAINING AND USING CONTEXTUAL DATA FOR SELECTED TASKS OR SCENARIOS, SUCH AS FOR A WEARABLE PERSONAL COMPUTER," which are both hereby incorporated by reference.
When the characterization module obtains an attribute value from a context server, it caches the value for use when responding to future requests from context clients for a value of the attribute. Thus, when the characterization module receives a request from a context client for the value of an attribute, the characterization module determines whether it has a cached value for the attribute and, if so, whether the value is sufficiently accurate (e.g., the value does not have too high of an uncertainty) and/or sufficiently recent (e.g., the value is not too old). If the value is not sufficiently accurate or recent, the characterization module requests and receives an updated value for the attribute from the context server that supplied the value. When the characterization module has a sufficiently accurate and recent value, it supplies the value to the context client. The determination of whether a value is sufficiently accurate and recent can be made in a variety of ways, such as by using thresholds for recency or uncertainty that can be specified by the context client during the request, by a context server for all values of an attribute or for a specific attribute value, or by the characterization module.
In some embodiments, two or more different context servers may supply to the characterization module their own distinct values for a single attribute. For example, a first context server can supply a value for a user.location attribute based on data received from a global positioning system device, while a second context server can supply a value for the user.location attribute based on data received from an indoor positioning device. Alternately, the first and second context servers could use the same input information when determining the value for a single attribute, but could use different methods to perform the determining and could thus arrive at different values. When multiple content servers supply values for the same attribute, each of the context servers is said to supply values for a separate "instance" of the attribute. The characterization module preferably provides a variety of different approaches, called "mediators," for determining what attribute value to provide when a context client requests a value for an attribute that has more than one instance.
For attributes with multiple instances, the characterization module performs similar processing to that described above. In particular, the characterization module can maintain a unique cached value for each attribute instance. If the characterization module receives a request for a value of a particular attribute instance, the request is handled as discussed above. If the characterization module instead receives a attribute value request for an attribute with multiple instances and the request does not specify a particular instance, the characterization module checks the accuracy of each cached attribute instance and requests an updated value for any instance with a value that is not sufficiently accurate. If multiple sufficiently accurate values are available, the characterization module produces a mediated value that is returned to the context client. The mediator to be used for the mediation can be selected in a variety of ways, such as being a default mediator of the characterization module, being requested by a context client, being specified by one or more of the context servers, or being chosen by the characterization module.
The manner in which data (e.g., sensor data and attribute values) flows to and from the characterization module can vary. In some embodiments, a context client may receive an attribute value only after an explicit request, while in other embodiments a context client may be forwarded attribute values without a request (e.g., if the client had previously expressed an interest in receiving values for the attribute and a value has just become available). Similarly, in some embodiments context servers may supply attribute values only when requested, while in other embodiments the context servers may supply attribute values without a request (e.g., if sensor input information is received from which a new value is produced). Request-based processing is a type of "pull" data flow model, and some forms of processing that occur without explicit requests are referred to as a "push" or "event-driven" data flow model.
The manner in which the characterization module communicates with the context clients and context servers can also vary. In some embodiments, context servers and context clients perform various interactions with the characterization module (e.g., supplying attribute values and requests) by calling functions provided by the characterization module (e.g., via Component Object Module interfaces). These functions are said to collectively comprise an "application programming interface" (or "API") to the characterization module. In alternate embodiments, such interactions can be performed using other mechanisms, such as passing messages or objects. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that an API can be created to support a pull data model, a push data model, or a hybrid system including both push and pull functionality.
As one example of an API, each executing context server may register with the characterization module by calling a RegisterContextServer function and supplying parameters to identify itself. If a particular context server is not executing, a context client that desires a value of an attribute or attribute instance supplied by the context server may cause the context server to be launched by using a LaunchContextServer function. After registration, a context server may indicate an ability to supply values for an attribute to the characterization module by using a CreateAttributeInstance function. A particular context server can provide values for a number of different attributes by calling the CreateAttributeInstance function multiple times. In order to consume values of an attribute, a context client may call a RegisterContextClient function in order to identify itself and one or more attributes whose values it seeks to consume. To assist in selecting one or more attributes, a context client may also call a EnumerateAttributes function to obtain a list of the attributes available from the characterization module. In order to actually retrieve an attribute value, a context client may call a GetAttribute function and use parameters to identify the attribute and any attribute processing that should be applied, such as a specific mediator to be used if values are available for multiple instances of the attribute. For attributes that have multiple instances in the characterization module, a context client may also call a GetAllAttributeInstances function to obtain a value for each instance of the attribute. To force a particular context server to reevaluate all of its attribute instances, a context client may call a CompleteContextServerEvaluation function. Also, to retrieve values for attributes that model aspects of the configuration of the characterization module, a context client or other program may call a GetCharacterizationModuleAttribute function. A context client that consumes a particular attribute value may also create a condition in the characterization module (not to be confused with the current modeled condition of the user or the environment that is represented by various attribute values) for testing that attribute by calling a CreateCondition function. Once a context client has created a condition, it can evaluate the condition by calling an EvaluateCondition function using parameters to identify the condition, and may also proceed to create a condition monitor that monitors the condition and notifies the context server when the condition is satisfied by calling a CreateConditionMonitor function. To suspend operation of a created condition monitor, a context server may call a StopConditionMonitor function, and to resume its operation, may call a StartConditionMonitor function. The context server may remove a condition monitor that it created by calling a RemoveConditionMonitor function and, correspondingly, may remove a condition that it created by calling a RemoveCondition function. A context client may unregister with the characterization module by calling an UnregisterContextClient function. A context server may similarly remove attribute instances that it has registered by calling a RemoveAttributeInstance function. Before it does, however, it may first call a CheckAttributeInstanceDependencies function to determine whether any context clients currently depend upon that attribute instance. A context server may unregister with the characterization module by calling an UnregisterContextServer function. A set of API functions are discussed in greater detail in both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/541,328, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "INTERFACE FOR EXCHANGING CONTEXT DATA," and provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/194,123, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "SUPPLYING AND CONSUMING USER CONTEXT DATA," which are both hereby incorporated by reference.
In some embodiments, it may also be useful to store attribute value information in a more permanent fashion than a temporary cache. For example, it may be useful for the characterization module to keep a log of all attribute values received and sent, or of all interactions with context clients and context servers. Alternately, it may be useful to record the current values of some or all of the attributes and attribute instances at the same time, such as to capture a complete model of the current context. Storing attribute value information is discussed in greater detail in both U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/464,659, filed Dec. 15, 1999 and entitled "STORING AND RECALLING INFORMATION TO AUGMENT HUMAN MEMORIES", and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/541,326, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "LOGGING AND ANALYZING COMPUTER USER'S DATA," which are both hereby incorporated by reference. Other uses of attribute value information are described in provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/194,000, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "SOLICITING PRODUCT INFORMATION BASED ON THE USER'S CONTEXT," in provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/194,002, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "AUTOMATED SELECTION OF UNSOLICITED INFORMATION BASED ON A USER'S CONTEXT," and in provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/194,758, filed Apr. 2, 2000 and entitled "CREATING PORTALS BASED ON THE USER'S CONTEXT," each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the characterization module which executes on a general-purpose body-mounted wearable computer 120 worn by user 110. Many wearable computers are designed to act as constant companions and intelligent assistants to a user, and are often strapped to a user's body or mounted in a holster. The computer system may also be incorporated in the user's clothing, be implanted in the user, follow the user, or otherwise remain in the user's presence. In one preferred embodiment the user is human, but in additional preferred embodiments, the user may be an animal, a robot, a car, a bus, or another entity whose context is to be modeled. Indeed, the computer system may have no identifiable user, but rather operate as an independent probe, modeling and/or reporting on the context in an arbitrary location.
The wearable computer 120 has a variety of user-worn user input devices including a microphone 124, a hand-held flat panel display 130 with character recognition capabilities, and various other user input devices 122. Similarly, the computer has a variety of user-worn output devices that include the hand-held flat panel display, an earpiece speaker 132, an eyeglass-mounted display 134, and a tactile display 136. In addition to the various user-worn user input devices, the computer can also receive information from various user sensor input devices 116 and from environment sensor input devices 128, including video camera 121. The characterization module can receive and process the various input information received by the computer, either directly or from context servers that process the input information and generate attribute values, and can supply the received information to context clients or directly to the user by presenting the information on the various output devices accessible to the computer.
In the current environment, computer 120 is accessible to a computer 150 (e.g., by being in line-of-sight wireless proximity or by being reachable via a long-distance communication device such as a cellular phone) which also has a variety of input and output devices. In the illustrated embodiment the computer 150 is non-portable, although the body-mounted computer of the user can similarly communicate with a variety of other types of computers, including body-mounted computers of other users. The devices from which the non-portable computer can directly receive information include various user input devices 152 and various user sensor input devices 156. The non-portable computer can output information directly to a display 160, a speaker 162, an olfactory device 164, and a printer 166. In the illustrated embodiment, the body-mounted computer can communicate with the non-portable computer via a wireless transmission medium. In this manner, the characterization module can receive information from the user input devices 152 and the user sensor devices 156 after the information has been transmitted to the non-portable computer and then to the body-mounted computer. Alternately, the body-mounted computer may be able to directly communicate with the user input devices 152 and the user sensor devices 156, as well as with other various remote environment sensor input devices 158, without the intervention of the non-portable computer 150. Similarly, the body-mounted computer may be able to supply output information to the display 160, the speaker 162, the olfactory device 164, and the printer 166, either directly or via the non-portable computer, and directly to the telephone 168. As the user moves out of range of the remote input and output devices, attribute values of the characterization module can be updated to reflect that the remote devices are not currently available.
Information that is received from the various input devices allows the characterization module or an application such as a context server (not shown) executing on the computer 120 to monitor the user and the environment, and to maintain a model (not shown) of the current context. In some embodiments, the model may be represented in a single location (e.g., the current cached values of all of the context attributes and attribute instances), while in other embodiments the model may be distributed. Such a model can be used by various applications, such as context clients, for a variety of purposes. A model of the current context can include a variety of context attributes that represent information about the user, the computer, and the user's environment at varying levels of abstraction. For example, information about the user at a low level of abstraction can include raw physiological data (e.g., heart rate and EKG) and geographic information (e.g., location and speed), while higher levels of abstraction may attempt to characterize or predict the user's physical activity (e.g., jogging or talking on a phone), emotional state (e.g., angry or puzzled), desired output behavior for different types of information (e.g., to present private family information so that it is perceivable only to myself and my family members), and cognitive load (i.e., the amount of attention required for the user's current activities). Background information which changes rarely or not at all can also be included, such as the user's age, gender and visual acuity. The model can similarly hold environment information at a low level of abstraction, such as air temperature or raw data from a motion sensor, or at higher levels of abstraction, such as the number and identities of nearby people, objects, user mood, and locations. The model of the current context can include information added explicitly from other sources (e.g., application programs), as well as user-specified or system-learned defaults and preference information.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer systems 120 and 150, as well as their various input and output devices, are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The computer systems may contain additional components or may lack some illustrated components. For example, the characterization module could be implemented on the non-portable computer, with the body-mounted computer replaced by a thin computer client such as a transmitter/receiver for relaying information between the body-mounted input and output devices and the non-portable computer. Alternately, the user may not wear any devices or computers.
In addition, the body-mounted computer may be connected to one or more networks of other devices through wired or wireless communication means (e.g., wireless RF, a cellular phone or modem, infrared, physical cable, a docking station, etc.), either with or without support from other computers such as the computer 150. For example, the body-mounted computer of a user can make use of output devices in a smart room, such as a television and stereo when the user is at home, if the body-mounted computer is able to transmit information to those devices via a wireless medium or if a cabled or docking mechanism is available. Alternately, kiosks or other information devices can be installed at various locations (e.g., in airports or at tourist spots) to transmit relevant information to body-mounted computers within the range of the information device. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that specialized versions of the body-mounted computer, characterization module, context clients and/or context servers can be created for a variety of purposes.
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary computer system 200 on which an embodiment of the characterization module is executing. The computer includes a memory 230, a CPU 210, a persistent storage device 250 such as a hard drive, and input/output devices including a microphone 222, a video camera 223, a computer-readable media drive 224 (e.g., a CD-ROM drive), a visual display 225, a speaker 226, and other devices 228. The memory preferably includes the characterization module 231, as well as information reflecting the current state of the characterization module (characterization module state) 232. The memory further contains software modules 233, 234, and 237 that consume attribute values and are therefore context clients, and software modules 235, 236, and 237 which provide attribute values and are therefore context servers. While items 231-237 are preferably stored in memory while being used, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these items, or portions of them, can be transferred between memory and the persistent storage device for purposes of memory management and data integrity. Alternately, in other embodiments some or all of the software modules may execute in memory on another device, and communicate with the characterization module via inter-computer communication.
In addition, in some embodiments a pre-defined set of attributes are available for use by context servers and context clients. This allows a common meaning to be shared between context clients and context servers as to those attributes and their values, and can also allow a context client to request a pre-defined attribute without having to determine whether the attribute has been created by a context server supplying values for the attribute. In one embodiment a plain-language, hierarchical, taxonometric attribute nomenclature is used to name attributes, such as the example attribute nomenclature illustrated in FIG. 15. The names within the nomenclature are preferably specific so that there is no ambiguity as to what they represent, and the ability to extend the nomenclature by adding new attribute names that conform to the hierarchical taxonomy of the nomenclature is preferably supported. The nomenclature preferably has attribute names relating to a variety of aspects of the user.
For example, as is illustrated in FIG. 15, the nomenclature preferably has a variety of types of attribute names, including: attribute names relating to the user's location, such as user.location.latitude, user.location.building, and user.location.street; attribute names relating to the user's movement, such as user.speed and user.direction; attribute names for various user moods, such as user.mood.happiness, user.mood.anger, and user.mood.confusion; attribute names for user activities, such as user.activity.driving, user.activity.eating, and user.activity.sleeping; attribute names for user physiology values, such as user.physiology.body_temperature and user.physiology.blood_pressure; attribute names for similar attributes of people other than the user, such as person.John_Smith.mood.happiness; attribute names for aspects of the computer system or "platform," such as for aspects of the platform's user interface ("UI") capabilities (e.g., platform.UI.oral_input_device_availability and platform.UI.visual_output_device_availability) and central processing unit ("CPU") (e.g., platform.cpu.load and platform.cpu.speed); attribute names for aspects of the local environment, such as environment.local.temperature and environment.local.ambient_noise_level; attribute names for remote environments, such as environment.place.chicago.time and environment.place.san_diego.temperature; attribute names relating to a future context, such as those that predict or estimate a situation (e.g., environment.local.next_week.temperature); attribute names relating to specific applications, such as an email application (e.g., application.mail.available, application.mail.new_messages_waiting, and application.mail.messages_waiting_to_be_sent); etc. In this manner, the attribute nomenclature used by the facility provides effective names for attributes relating to the user, the computer system, and the environment. Additional attributes are illustrated in FIG. 15, and FIG. 16 illustrates an alternate hierarchical taxonomy. related to context, such that various attributes could be added for each of the illustrated categories. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for both FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, other categories and attributes could be added and existing categories and attributes could be removed or could have alternate names.
FIG. 3 is a data flow diagram showing a sample exchange of attributes performed by the characterization module. The diagram shows characterization module 300, as well as five other software modules, 310, 320, 330, 340, and 350. Software modules 310, 320, and 330 are said to be context servers, in that they provide attribute values to the characterization module. For example, context server 330 provides values for a user.in_region attribute 331. It can be seen that context servers may provide values for more than one attribute. For example, context server 320 provides values for a user.location attribute 321 and an user.elevation attribute 322. It can further be seen that values for a single attribute may be provided by more than one context server. For example, context server 310 provides values for user.location attribute 311, while context server 320 provides values for user.location attribute 321. Attributes 311 and 321 will be represented by the characterization module as multiple instances of a single user.location attribute. The characterization module preferably provides functionality for mediating between these two separate instances when the value of the user.location attribute is requested by a context client.
Software modules 330, 340, and 350 are said to be context clients because they consume attribute values. For example, context client 340 consumes user.location attribute 341 values. It can be seen that certain software modules may act both as a context server and as a context client. For example, software module 330 is both a context server and a context client, as it provides values for the user.in_region attribute 331 and consumes values for user.location attribute 332. It can also be seen that a context client can consume values for more than one attribute. For example, context client 350 consumes values for both user.in_region attribute 351 and user.elevation attribute 352. To determine which attributes are currently available, any of the context clients may request that the characterization module enumerate the available attributes. In response to such a request, the characterization module would enumerate the user.location attribute, the user.elevation attribute, and the user.in_region attribute.
FIG. 4 is a data structure diagram showing an example context server table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module. Each row of the table corresponds to a registered context server. Each row contains a context server name field 411 containing the name of the context server, a version field 412 identifying the version of the context server, an installation date 413 identifying the date on which the context server was installed on the computer system, a filename 414 identifying a primary file in the file system representing the context server, and a request handler field 415 containing a reference to a request handler function on the context server that may be called by the characterization module to send messages to the context server (e.g., a request evaluation of one or all of the attributes provided by the context server). Other versions of the context server table may lack some of the illustrated fields (e.g., the version field), or may contain additional fields (e.g., a registered attributes field that contains the names of all of the attributes for which the context server is currently registered to supply values).
FIG. 5 is a data structure diagram showing an example attribute instance table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module. The attribute instance table contains a row for each attribute or attribute instance for which a context server is currently registered to supply values. Each of these rows contains the following fields: an attribute name field 511 containing the name of the attribute, a context server name field 512 identifying the context server that created the attribute instance, a value field 513 containing the value of the attribute last provided by the context server, and uncertainty field 514 identifying the level of uncertainty of the value, a timestamp 515 indicating the time at which the value is effective, a units field 516 identifying the units for the value and the uncertainty, and an indication 517 of the number of context clients consuming values for the attribute instance. While row 501 indicates that an instance of the user.location attribute from the gps context server has a multi-part value of 47.degree. 36.73' N and 122.degree. 18.43' W degrees and minutes, in alternate embodiments multi-part values may not be used, such as instead having two attributes to represent this context element (e.g., user.location.latitude and user.location.longitude). Similarly, while field 517 indicates the number of context clients consuming values for an attribute, in alternate embodiments this number could be dynamically calculated rather than being stored (e.g., by using the attribute request table discussed below), or an identifier for each context client could instead be stored rather than merely a number. Other versions of the attribute instance table may lack some of the illustrated fields, such as the units field if all the instances of an attribute are restricted to having the same units and if such common information about all the attribute instances is stored elsewhere. Alternately, some versions of the attribute instance table could include additional information, such as a separate row for each attribute with multiple instances that contains common information about all of instances, and additional fields such as a context client field that contains the name of each context client registered to receive values for the attribute or instance of that row. Other versions of the attribute instance table could include other additional fields such as an optional specified context client field so that the context server can indicate one or more context clients that are able to receive values for the attribute (e.g., a list of authorized clients).
FIG. 6 is a data structure diagram showing an example context client table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module. Each row corresponds to a registered context client, and contains a context client name field 611 identifying the name of the registered context client as well as a message handler field 612 containing the reference to a message handler provided by the context client for processing messages from the characterization module. Other versions of the context client table may lack some of the illustrated fields, or may contain additional fields (e.g., a registered attributes field that contains the names of all of the attributes for which the context server is currently registered to receive values).
FIG. 7 is a data structure diagram showing updated contents of the attribute instance table illustrated in FIG. 5. It can be seen that, in response to registration of a location_map context client consuming values for the user.in_region attribute, the characterization module has incremented the number of context clients consuming the user.in_region attribute from 0 to 1.
FIG. 14 is a data structure diagram showing an example attribute request table used to maintain a portion of the state of the characterization module. The attribute request table contains a row for each attribute for which a context client is currently registered to receive values. Each of these rows contains the following fields: an attribute name field 1411 containing the name of the attribute, and a context client name field 1412 identifying the context client that registered a request to receive values for the attribute. Note that a context client can request values for an attribute without specifying a particular instance, as in row 1401, or can instead request values for a specific attribute instance, as in row 1403. Other versions of the attribute request table may lack some of the illustrated fields, or may contain additional fields such as an optional field to specify one or more particular context servers that can supply the values for the attribute (e.g., a list of authorized context servers).
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of the GetAttribute function. In step 801, if the requested attribute exists, then the facility continues in step 803, else the facility continues in step 802 to return an "attribute not found" error. In step 803, if a single instance of the attribute was requested, then the facility continues in step 804, else the facility continues in step 811. In step 804, if the requested instance exists, then the facility continues in step 806, else the facility continues in step 805 to return an "attribute instance not found" error. In step 806, if the age criterion specified for the attribute request is satisfied, then the facility continues in step 807 to return the requested attribute instance, else the facility continues in step 808 to "freshen" the attribute instance by calling the appropriate context server's request handler to request evaluation of the attribute instance. In step 809, if the age criterion is satisfied by the freshened attribute instance, then the facility continues in step 807 to return the freshened attribute instance, else the facility continues in step 810 to return the freshened attribute instance with an to "age not satisfied" error. In step 811, where a single attribute instance was not requested, if any registered instances of the attribute satisfy the age criterion, then the facility continues in step 816, else the facility continues in step 812. In step 812, the facility freshens all registered instances of the requested attribute. In step 813, if any of the attributes freshened in step 812 satisfy the age criterion, then the facility continues in step 816, else the facility continues in step 814. In step 814, the facility applies the requested attribute mediator to select one instance, or otherwise derive a value from the registered instances. In step 815, the facility returns the instance with an "age not satisfied" error. In step 816, where one or more instances satisfy the age criterion, if more than one instance satisfies the age criterion, then the facility continues in step 817, else the facility continues in step 807 to return the attribute instance that satisfies the age criterion. In step 817, the facility applies the requested attribute mediator to select one instance from among the instances that satisfy the age criterion, or to otherwise derive a value from the instances that satisfy the age criterion. After step 817, the facility continues in step 807 to return the value produced by the mediator.
FIG. 9 is a data structure diagram showing updated contents of the attribute instance table illustrated in FIG. 7. It can be seen in attribute instance table 900 that, upon reevaluation by the ips context server of its instance of the user.elevation attribute, the characterization module replaced the former contents of the value, uncertainty and timestamp fields of row 903 with the values resulting from the reevaluation.
FIG. 10 is a data structure diagram showing an example condition table that contains a portion of the state of the characterization module. Condition table 1000 has a row for each condition created by a context client. Row 1001 contains a condition name field 1011 containing the name of the condition, a context client name 1012 identifying the context client that created the condition, a first logical parameter field 1013 and a second logical parameter field 1014 identifying attributes or conditions that are to be compared, a comparison value 1015 that specifies a value to which an attribute listed in the first logical parameter is compared if no second logical parameter is listed, and a logical operator 1016 identifying the logical operator to be applied in the comparison.
FIG. 11 is a data structure diagram showing an example condition monitor table that maintains a portion of the state of the characterization module. Condition monitor table 1100 has a row 1101 corresponding to a condition and containing each of the following fields: a condition monitor name field 1111 containing the name of the condition monitor; a context client name field 1112 containing the name of the context client that created the condition monitor; a condition name field 1113 that contains the name of the condition monitored by the condition monitor; a behavior field 1114 that indicates whether the condition monitor is triggered when the condition becomes true, when it becomes false, or when it changes value in either direction; a frequency field 1115 showing the frequency with which the condition monitor evaluates the condition; a condition last evaluated field 1116 showing the time at which the condition monitor last evaluated the condition; a trigger handler reference 1117 that identifies a trigger handler function of the context client that is to be called when the condition monitor is triggered; and a stop field 1118 that indicates whether the context client has suspended operation of the condition monitor. Such condition monitors can be used in a variety of ways. For example, when a context client is notified via the triggering of the trigger handler function that the value has changed, the context client can then retrieve the new value.
FIG. 12 is a data structure diagram showing updated contents of the condition monitor table illustrated in FIG. 11. It can be seen from stop field 1218 of row 1201 in condition monitor table 1200 that the region_analysis context client has stopped, or suspended the operation of, the region_boundary_cross condition monitor, perhaps in response to the observation that the user is now asleep and his or her location will remain constant.
In the foregoing, the facility is described as being implemented using a characterization module that is called by context servers and context clients, that caches attribute values, and that maintains status information about the operation of context servers and context clients. In an alternative preferred embodiment, however, the facility operates without the use of such a characterization module. In this embodiment, context servers communicate directly with context clients.
FIG. 13 is a data flow diagram showing the operation of the facility without a characterization module. It can be seen in FIG. 13 that context servers 1310, 1320, and 1330 provide attributes directly to context clients 1330, 1340, and 1350. For example, it can be seen that context server 1320 provides a user.elevation attribute 1322 directly to context client 1350. In this embodiment, the context client may itself cache attribute values recently obtained from a context server. Further, in this embodiment, context clients may themselves interrogate context servers for an enumeration of their attributes, and mediate between attribute instances provided by different context servers. For example, context client 1340 may mediate between the instance 1311 of the user.location attribute provided by context server 1310 and the instance 1321 of the user.location attribute provided by context server 1320.
In additional preferred embodiments, the facility may operate with a partial characterization module. Such a partial characterization module may include various combinations of the functionalities of routing communication between context servers and the context clients that consume their attribute values, caching attribute values, enumerating available attributes, and providing attribute mediation.
In additional preferred embodiments, the facility may provide a characterization module that implements a "push" information flow model in which, each time an attribute value provided by a context server changes, the new value is automatically provided to context clients. In further preferred embodiments, the facility provides a characterization module that implements a "pull" information flow model, in which attribute values are only obtained by the characterization module from the context servers when they are requested by a context client. In additional preferred embodiments, characterization modules are provided that support a variety of other information flow models.
FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Characterization Module routine 1700. The routine receives messages from context clients (CCs) and from context servers (CSes), as well as instructions from users, and processes the messages or instructions. In some embodiments, a CM could wait to execute code that would provide functionality until the functionality was requested, such as by dynamically loading code to provide a requested mediator. The routine begins in step 1705, where the characterization module (CM) performs various startup operations (e.g., setting up tables in which to temporarily cache state information, retrieving previous state information, launching CSes or CCs that have previously registered with the CM, etc.). The routine then continues to step 1710 to determine if the newly started CM is to take the place of another previously executing CM (e.g., based on a user indication when the new CM was started). If so, the routine continues to step 1715 to swap places with the other executing CM. One method of executing a swap that would be transparent to the CCs and CSes interacting with the other CM would be to request the other CM to transfer all of its current state information to the new CM (e.g., registrations of CCs, CSes, and attributes, conditions and notification requests, cached values for attributes and attribute properties, etc.), to then update the other CCs and CSes so that the messages they previously sent to the other CM will now be sent to the new CM, and to then have the other CM shutdown.
After step 1715, or if it was determined in step 1710 that another CM is not being swapped out, the routine continues to step 1720 to receive an indication from a user or a message from a CC or CS. The routine then continues to step 1725 where.it performs the Notification Processing subroutine to notify any CCs or CSes about the received message or user indication if appropriate. As is explained in greater detail below, CCs and CSes can submit notification requests so that they will be notified by the CM upon a particular type of occurrence. Such notification requests could include occurrences such as when an attribute value changes, when a particular CC or CS registers or unregisters, when values for an attribute become available or unavailable (e.g., due to registration or unregistration), when a CC registers or unregisters to receive values for an attribute, when the availability of particular input/output devices changes or other computer system features change, when a package of related themed attributes becomes available or unavailable, for changes in CM internal status (e.g., a change in the default mediator), etc. In addition, the notification requests can be created based not only on explicit requests, but also after the occurrence of a particular type of event (e.g., if a CC requests a value for an attribute for which no CSes are currently supplying values, a notification request could be automatically created to alert the CC if a CS later registers to supply values for the attribute). Moreover, additional information about the notification requests can be supplied (e.g., a number of times that the submitter wants to receive notifications for the request, or an expiration date after which the notification will be removed or become inactive).
After step 1725, the routine continues to step 1730 to determine if a registration or unregistration message was received. If so, the routine continues to step 1735 to execute the Dynamically Specify Available Clients, Servers, and Attributes subroutine. Thus, CCs and CSes can register and unregister dynamically as they become available or unavailable, and can similarly modify the status of the attributes that they have registered with the CM. If a registration or unregistration message was not received in step 1730, the routine instead continues to step 1740 to determine if an attribute value or a request for an attribute value has been received from a CC or CS. If so, the routine continues to step 1745 to execute the Process Attribute Value Or Value Request Message subroutine. This subroutine will satisfy requests for attribute values if possible (e.g., by supplying a cached value or requesting one or more CSes to supply the value) and will return the requested value or an error message. Similarly, when attribute values are pushed to the CM from a CS, the CM will send the values if appropriate to CCs that have registered an interest in receiving values for the attribute.
If an attribute value or an attribute value request has not been received from a CC or CS in step 1740, the routine instead continues to step 1750 to determine if a request has been received to establish or modify a condition that monitors attribute values or other conditions, or to establish or modify a condition monitor. If so, the routine continues to step 1755 to process the request. As described previously, conditions and condition monitors can be created, removed, and have their operation suspended (e.g., by deactivating them) or resumed (e.g., by activating them).
If a condition-related request was not received in step 1750, the routine continues instead to step 1760 to determine if a message related to one or more other executing CMs has been received, and if so continues to step 1765 to process the message by executing the Process Distributed Characterization Module Message subroutine. Characterization modules can interact for a variety of reasons, as explained in greater detail below. If a message related to another CM has not been received, the routine continues instead to step 1770 to determine if a request has been received to establish or modify a notification request. If so, the routine continues to step 1775 to process the notification-related request. If a notification-related request was not received, the routine continues instead to step 1780 to determine if a shutdown message was received (e.g., from a user). If so, the routine continues to step 1790 to perform shutdown operations (e.g., notifying all registered CCs and CSes to unregister, or saving current state information), and then continues to step 1795 and ends. If it was instead determined that a shutdown message was not received, the routine continues to step 1782 to determine if another supported operation has been requested. If so, the routine continues to step 1784 to perform the other operation, and if not the routine continues to step 1786 to send an error message to the requester. For example, other types of operations may be a request to receive information about all available attributes, about all attributes available from a particular CS, about which CCs are receiving values for a particular attribute, about properties and property values associated with attributes and attribute instances, to launch or shutdown a CC or CS, to receive information about an attribute taxonomy, to force a CS to reevaluate the values for all its registered attributes, to change internal CM information (e.g., the default mediator), to provide information about available packages of related themed attributes, to provide information about available computer resources such as input/output devices, etc. After steps 1735, 1745, 1755, 1765, 1775, 1784, or 1786, the routine returns to step 1720. In other embodiments, additional types of functionality may be available or illustrated functionality may not be available. For example, in some embodiments any CC or CS may need to satisfy security requirements (e.g., by verifying their identity as an authorized module) before being allowed to request information or functionality from the CM or to provide information to the CM.
FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Notification Processing subroutine 1725. The subroutine examines the message or user indication received by the CM, determines whether any active notification requests are satisfied by the type of message or indication or by information contained in the message or indication, and notifies the submitters of any such requests when the requests are satisfied. The subroutine begins in step 1805 where it receives an indication of the message or user indication received by the CM. The subroutine continues to step 1810 to compare the received message or user indication to the notification requests that are currently stored and active. The subroutine then continues to step 1815 to retrieve any additional information that may be needed to determine if a notification request has been satisfied (e.g., a previous value for an attribute to determine how the attribute value has changed).
The subroutine then continues to step 1820 where it determines if any of the notification requests have been satisfied. If not, the subroutine continues to step 1895 and returns, but if so the subroutine continues to step 1825 to select the next satisfied notification request, beginning with the first. The subroutine then continues to step 1830 to send a notification to the supplier of the request that the request was satisfied, and can include additional information about the occurrence that satisfied the request. The subroutine then continues step 1835 to determine whether the notification request should be removed (e.g., if it was defined as a one-time request, or has expired). If so, the subroutine continues to step 1840 to remove the request, and if not the subroutine continues to step 1845 to determine if the notification request should be deactivated for the current time (e.g., so that a similar occurrence can be monitored at a later time). After steps 1840 or 1850, or if the notification request was not deactivated, the subroutine continues to step 1855 to determine if there are more satisfied notification requests. If so, the subroutine returns to step 1825, and if not the subroutine continues to step 1895 and returns. In addition, the subroutine could periodically check the various stored notification requests (e.g., as a background process) to determine if their status should be modified (e.g., activated, deactivated, or removed).
FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Dynamically Specify Available Clients, Servers, and Attributes subroutine 1735. The subroutine receives registration or unregistration requests for CCs, CSes, and/or attributes, and satisfies the requests as appropriate. The subroutine begins in step 1905 where it receives a registration or unregistration message. The subroutine continues to step 1910 to determine if security authorization is needed (e.g., for any CC or CS, or for CCs and CSes executing on a different computer from the CM). If so, the subroutine continues to step 1915 to determine if the security authorization has been satisfied (e.g., by the submitter of the message supplying a password or a verified digital signature). It is determined in step 1920 that the security authorization has not been satisfied, the subroutine continues to step 1925 where it sends an error message to the submitter. However, if it is instead determined that the security standard has been satisfied, or if security authorization was not needed in step 1910, the subroutine continues to step 1930 to determine the type of the registration or unregistration message.
If the message is determined to be related to a CC, the subroutine continues to step 1940 to determine if the message is to register the CC. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1941 to register the new client if possible (e.g., if all necessary information has been provided and there is not another registered CC with the same unique identifier). If it is determined in step 1942 that an error occurred during the registration attempt, the subroutine continues to step 1944 to send an error message to the submitter. If no error occurred, the subroutine instead continues to step 1946 to determine if the registration request includes one or more attributes of interest to be registered for the client. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1982 to register those attributes. If it was instead determined in step 1940 that the received message was not to register the client, the subroutine continues to step 1948 to determine if the message was to unregister the client. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1950 to unregister the client, and then continues to step 1952 to determine if any registered attributes remain for the client. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1994 to unregister each of those attributes.
If it was instead determined in step 1930 that the received message was related to a CS, the subroutine continues to step 1960 to determine whether the message is to register the CS. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1961 to register the new server if possible. It is determined in step 1962 that an error occurred during the registration attempt, the subroutine continues to step 1964 to send an error message to the submitter. If no error occurred, however, the subroutine instead continues to step 1966 to determine if the registration request includes one or more attributes to register for which the server is available to supply values. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1982 to register those attributes. If it was instead determined in step 1960 that the received message was not to register the CS, the subroutine continues to step 1968 to determine if the message was to unregister the server. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1970 to unregister the server, and then continues to step 1972 to determine if any registered attributes remain for the server. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1994 to unregister those attributes.
If it was instead determined in step 1930 that the received message was related only to one or more attributes and not to a CC or CS, the subroutine continues to step 1980 to determine whether the message is to register those attributes. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1982 to select the next attribute, beginning with the first. The subroutine then continues to step 1984 to determine if at least one instance of the attribute is currently registered. If so, the subroutine continues to step 1986 to register a new instance of the attribute, and if not the subroutine continues to step 1988 to register the first instance for the attribute. After steps 1986 or 1988, the subroutine continues to step 1990 to determine if there are more attributes to be registered, and if so returns to step 1982. If it is instead determined in step 1980 that the received message was not to register the attributes, the subroutine continues to step 1992 to determine if the message was to unregister the attributes, and if so continues to step 1994 to unregister each attribute. After steps 1925, 1964, 1944, or 1994, or if the determination was made in the negative for one of steps 1946, 1948, 1952, 1966, 1972, 1990, or 1992, the subroutine continues to step 1995 and returns. As discussed previously, a variety of other types of optional information can additionally be supplied when registering CCs, CSes or attributes (e.g., various properties for the attribute).
FIG. 20 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Process Distributed Characterization Module Message subroutine 1765. The subroutine receives information from another CM or an instruction about another CM, and processes the information or instruction as appropriate. The subroutine begins in step 2005 where. it receives an indication of the received information or instruction. The subroutine then continues to step 2010 to determine if security authorization is needed. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2012 to determine if the security has satisfied. It is determined at step 2014 that the security authorization has not been satisfied, the subroutine continues to step 2016 to send an error message to the submitter. If it is instead determined that the security authorization has been satisfied or was not needed in step 2010, the subroutine continues to step 2018 to determine whether information from another CM has been received.
If it is determined in step 2018 that an instruction about another CM has been received, the subroutine continues to step 2020 to determine if the instruction is to register or unregister as a CC or CS of the other CM. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2022 to rename any attributes in the request if necessary. For example, if a current CM 1 wants information about an attribute user.mood.happiness for its own user from another CM 2, CM 1 will have to modify the name of the attribute (e.g., to CM1.user.mood.happiness) it requests since CM 2's attribute user.mood.happiness will refer to the user of CM 2. The same will be true for a variety of other attributes that specify attributes relative to the CM, but not to attributes with absolute specifications (e.g., person.ABC.mood.happiness). After step 2022, the subroutine then continues to step 2024 to send a request to the other CM to reflect the request using the renamed attributes, with the other CM to perform the registration or unregistration.
If it is instead determined in step 2020 that the instruction was not to register or unregister, the subroutine continues to step 2026 to determine whether the instruction is to send an attribute value or an attribute value request to the other CM. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2028 to rename any attributes in the request if necessary, and then continues to step 2030 to determine whether a request or an attribute value is being sent. If an attribute value is being sent, the subroutine sends the value to the other CM in step 2032, and if a request is being sent the subroutine sends the request in step 2034. After step 2034, the subroutine continues to step 2036 to receive the requested value or an error message, and if the value is received rather than an error message, the subroutine sends the received value to the requester at step 2038.
If it is instead determined in step 2026 that the received instruction is not to send an attribute value or an attribute value request, the subroutine continues to step 2040 to determine if a group-wide attribute is to be modeled (e.g., troop morale for a group of soldiers that would require information for many or all of the soldiers). If so, the subroutine continues to step 2042 to request attribute values from the other CMs that are needed for the modeling, and then continues to step 2044 to receive the requested values or error messages. If the necessary values are received to perform the modeling, in step 2046 the subroutine determines the value of the group-wide attribute and in step 2048 sends the value to the requester. In alternate embodiments, any such modeling of attributes may be performed only by CSes, with the CM merely requesting values from other CMs as instructed and supplying the received values to the appropriate CS.
If it is instead determined in step 2040 that the received instruction is not to model a group-wide attribute, the subroutine continues to step 2050 to determine if the instruction is to aggregate information from subordinate CMs (e.g., in a hierarchical organization such as a business or the military, the hierarchy of users can be reflected in a hierarchy of their CMs) or specialized CMs (e.g., a CM specialized to monitor a user's health and to detect health problems). If so, the subroutine continues to step 2052 to request the information from the other CMs as needed, and continues to step 2054 to receive the requested information or error messages. If the necessary information is received, in step 2056 the subroutine aggregates the information, and in step 2058 sends the aggregated information to the requester. In alternate embodiments, any such aggregating of information may be performed only by CSes, with the CM merely requesting information from other CMs as instructed and supplying the received values to the appropriate CS.
If it is instead determined in step 2050 that the received instruction is not to aggregate information, the subroutine continues to step 2060 to determine if the received instruction is to use the processing capabilities of another computer or CM. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2062 to request the other computer or CM to perform an indicated task. The subroutine then continues to step 2064 where it receives the results of the task, and uses those results as if the task have been performed locally. If it is instead determined in step 2060 that the received instruction is not to use the processing abilities of another computer, the subroutine continues to step 2065 to determine if the received instruction is to send information to a module such as a thin client. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2067 to send the indicated information (e.g., from a CC), and if not the subroutine continues to step 2069 to perform another task as indicated. For example, other types of tasks could be to instruct another CM to swap itself out or to modify its internal state (e.g., to change a default mediator or to add a new mediator).
If it was instead determined at step 2018 that information from another CM has been received, the subroutine continues to step 2070 to determine if a registration or unregistration request has been received. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2071 to rename any attributes if necessary, and then continues to step 2072 to resubmit the request as if from a CC or a CS using the renamed attributes. If the information was not a registration or unregistration request, the subroutine continues to step 2073 to determine if an attribute value or an attribute value request has been received. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2074 to rename the attributes if necessary, and then continues to step 2075 to determine whether an attribute value or an attribute value request has been received. If an attribute value has been received, the subroutine continues to step 2076 where it resubmits the value as being from a CS, and if not the subroutine continues to step 2077 where it resubmits the attribute value request as being from a CC. After step 2077, the subroutine continues to step 2078 where it receives the requested value or an error message, and in step 2079 sends the received value to the requesting CM if an error message was not received.
If it was instead determined in step 2073 that an attribute value or attribute value request was not received, the subroutine continues to step 2080 to determine if the received information was an indication to modify the internal state of the CM. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2081 where it modifies the state as indicated. If the received instruction was not to modify the internal state, the subroutine continues to step 2082 to determine if the request is to swap the CM out to be replaced by the other requesting CM. If so, the subroutine continues to step 2084 to send the current state information from the CM to the requesting CM. In addition, the CM could perform other tasks if necessary such as updating the currently registered CCs and CSes so that they now will communicate with the other CM. The subroutine then continues to step 2086 to wait for an indication from the other CM to exit, and after receiving the indication, submits a shutdown request in step 2088. If the received instruction was not to swap out, the subroutine continues to step 2090 to perform the other task as indicated if appropriate. After steps 2016, 2024, 2032, 2038, 2048, 2058, 2064, 2067, 2069, 2072, 2076, 2079, 2081, 2088, or 2090, the subroutine continues to step 2095 and returns.
FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the Process Attribute Value Or Value Request Message subroutine 1745, as illustrated in the accompanying figure and described elsewhere. In particular, the subroutine receives an indication of an attribute value or a request for an attribute value, and processes the value or request as appropriate (e.g., pulling values from servers when needed to satisfy requests and pushing received values to clients when appropriate). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments only one of the push and pull data flow models may be supported. The subroutine begins at step 2105 where it receives an indication of an attribute value or a request for an attribute value. The subroutine then continues to step 2110 to determine if an attribute value or a request was received.
If a value was received, the subroutine continues to step 2120 to execute the Process Received Attribute Value subroutine, such as to store the value and to process additional associated information received about the value. The subroutine next continues in the illustrated embodiment to push the received value or a related value to clients as appropriate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments such values may merely be cached or otherwise stored until requested by a client. Alternately, even if received values are not generally pushed to clients, in other embodiments such values could be pushed to clients in limited circumstances, such as an update to a related value that had previously been sent to a client when the newly received value is more accurate.
In the illustrated embodiment, the subroutine continues to step 2122 to determine whether there are any previously specified requests or indications of interest related to th |
