Interactive system for authoring hypertext document collections5802299Abstract A network based hypertext display system employing a supervisory computer interconnected with one or more information display units and one or more remote document servers via a network, such as the Internet. The supervisory computer controls the content displayed by the display units by transferring to each unit a control information file as well as hypertext document files which are locally stored in the display units. The control file determines the extent to which the display unit can access remotely stored information and provides additional information which is used to alter the presentation to the user. Stored control information is used to rewrite hypertext document such that certain links are disabled, and to suppress the appearance of visual cues associated with the displayed anchor which identifies selected links in the referencing document. Links and other information in local and remotely accessed documents are rewritten in accordance with commands created by a content developer using an interactive content authoring system. Means are employed for controlling the duration of a given user session in response to the material selected for display, the time of day, and user demographics. Locally stored data copied from original documents stored on remote servers is periodically validated and updated when the validation indicates that the original has been modified. Claims What is claimed is: Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION
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Replacement.sub.-- Command = record
Target.sub.-- Page, Target, Replacement: pchar;
Location: Longint;
Flag: word
End;
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The Target.sub.-- Page, Target and Replacement fields each hold pointers to null-terminated strings (character arrays). The Location field is 32-bit integer which holds the position at which the replacement string is to be inserted (when Target is a null pointer). The Flag field holds boolean flag bits having the following significance when true: Search.sub.-- Normal: Search for Target string in normal (non-anchor) displayable text; Search.sub.-- Anchor: Search for Target string in displayable anchor text; Search.sub.-- URL: Search for Target string in URL definition within anchor tags; Case.sub.-- Sensitive: Apply case sensitivity to search for Target; Disable.sub.-- Pagewide: Disable all links on Target.sub.-- Page; The versatility of the text replacement mechanism 130 is illustrated by the following example replacement commands. For each example, assume that an incoming hypertext document received at the HTML rewrite mechanism 130 from the access mechanism 120 includes an imbedded "anchor tag" reading: <A HREF="http://www.main.com/netspot/toc.html">Table of Contents<.backslash.A> Such a tag would be displayed by the browser as the highlighted anchor text "Table of Contents"which, when touched by the kiosk user, would result in a generated request to retrieve and display the HTML document file designated by the Uniform Record Locator (URL): "http://www.main.com/Intemet/toc.html". This URL identifies a file named "toc.html" in the "netspot" directory of the web server computer named "mentum" which is available over the Internet using the hypertext transport protocol as indicated by the prefix "http". EXAMPLE 1 If the string list 133 contains the following Target and Replacement fields: Target "http://www.main.com/netspot/toc.html" Replacement: "file:c//newdir/newtoc.htm" where the replacement string is a new URL specifying a file named "toc.htm" on the kiosk computer's disk storage directory "newdir", the effect would be to change the anchor tag in the HTML text such that the anchor text "Table of Contents" is unchanged and continues to be highlighted but, when touched, the locally stored file newtoc.htm would be retrieved by the access unit 120 and displayed instead of the file on the remote server originally specified. EXAMPLE 2 Target: <A HREF="http://www.main.com/netspot/toc.html">Table of Contents<.backslash.A> Replacement: "Table of Contents" This replacement command removes the associated link and the highlighting from the displayed text "Table of Contents". EXAMPLE 3 Target: "Patent Office" Replacement: "<A HREF="http:/www.uspto.gov/">Patent Office<.backslash.A>" This command rewrites each occurrence of the string "Patent Office" such that web browser 107 highlights the string as being an anchor text and provides a link to a publicly available home page maintained by the U.S. Patent Office whenever the anchor text is touched by the kiosk user. EXAMPLE 4 Target.sub.-- Page: http://w.ajax.com/sale.html/ Target: "<Head> Replacement: "<Head><META HTTP-EQUIV=REFRESH CONTENT="I2; URL=file:c:.backslash.newdir.backslash.resale.htm"> This example, unlike the first three, limits the operation of the command to a designated target page and causes a <META . . . > element to be inserted in the document header. A Meta element is a standard HTML 3.0 element for simulating HTTP response headers in HTML documents which, in the example above, operates as a "client pull" dynamic HTML document loader. As a consequence, the inserted Meta tag causes the target page to be displayed for 12 seconds, at which time the browser automatically issues a URL request to replace the displayed target page with a page on the local hard drive specified by the content field of the inserted Meta tag. EXAMPLE 5 Target.sub.-- Page: http://www.ajax.com/sale.html/ Location: 1243 Replacement: "<IMG SRC="logo.jpg" ALIGN=BOTTOM>" This command places the replacement string at character position 1243 in the HTML document designated by the URL given in the target page field of the command. The effect in this case is the insertion into the page of a graphical JPEG image designated by the relative source file designation "logojpg" in the replacement string. Note that the target location value identifies a position in the original incoming HTML page, before replacement commands have been employed to rewrite the text. EXAMPLE 6 Target.sub.-- Page: http://www.quigley.hotlinks.html/ Flags: Disable.sub.-- Pagewide=true; This command is created when all links from Target.sub.-- Page are to be automatically disabled by replacing all link tags with replacement text which consists of the anchor information only. Adding Insertion Pages The transition control list 111 seen in FIG. 2 also consists of a series of structured records each of which takes the form expressed by the following Pascal record definition:
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Transition.sub.-- Command = record
Trailing, Leading: pchar;
Showtime: integer;
End;
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The Trailing and Leading fields contain pointers to null-terminated strings which contain the URL's of the trailing and leading pages of page transition, respectively. The transition display mechanism 113 seen in FIG. 2 searches the transition control list to determine if the received URL request 109 contains a URL which matches a trailing URL on the list 111. If so, the page identified by the URL in the Leading field of the transition command is displayed first, and the duration of this display is specified the value contained in the Showtime field. The operation of the transition display mechanism 113 is illustrated in more detail by the flowchart presented in FIG. 3. The transition control routine is executed by the kiosk computer during an interactive user session each time the user touches the kiosk touchscreen to cause the browsing program to generate a hypertext link request seen in FIG. 2 as URL request 109. When the transition display mechanism 113 receives that request, the routine shown in FIG. 3 is executed beginning at the entry point 151. At 152, the transition list seen at 111 in FIG. 2 is searched. If the URL in the received URL request is found in the Trailing field of a transition command record, that record is tested at 152 to determine whether the Leading field contains a null pointer. If no leading URL is specified, the routine selects a display page from a collection of available pages as seen at 154. This selection may be made randomly from a collection of pages placed in a predetermined directory on the kiosk computer's local hard drive (seen at 122 in FIG. 2), or by cycling through a list of insertable display page URLs. If the Leading field of the transition command contains a specific URL, that URL is included at 156 in the outgoing URL http request seen at 114 in FIG. 2. Whether quasi-randomly selected at 154 or specifically identified as indicated at 156, the value indicating that the requested URL identifies an insertion page, and a pointer to the satisfied transition command in list 111, are passed to the HTML rewrite routine 130 as indicated at 160 in FIG. 2. The insertion page retrieved by the access mechanism 120 is then rewritten (as illustrated by Example 4 above to place a client pull <META> element in the header of the leading page which identifies the trailing page URL and the desired display duration (Showtime) in the inserted <META> element. Alternatively, a server-push mechanism may be used to insert a sequence of one or more leading pages prior to the trailing page identified in the original link request. Using the server push mechanism, the browser 107 seen in FIG. 2 is supplied with the page sequence using the HTTP MIME protocol and the duration of each page is determined by the HTML rewrite mechanism 130 which maintains an open connection to the browser 107, enabling replacement pages to be sequentially placed on the display screen under control of the mechanism 130. Current versions of the Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer web browsing programs support dynamic document loading using both linked client pull <META> meta elements or a server pushed sequence of HTTP MIME-partitioned pages. In normal operation, the HTML rewrite unit 130 need only operate on those HTML documents which are accessed from the network, since locally stored HTML documents may be stored in rewritten form. In one instance, however, locally stored HTML documents should also be modified dynamically. This occurs when an attempt to access a given document from a remote server fails because the document described in link contained in a locally stored document is no longer available from the remote server. In that case, to avoid encouraging the user to attempt to access a remote document that is no longer available, the outdated link tag in the locally stored document should be rewritten to display the anchor information only and eliminate the link as illustrated by the string list command of Example 2 described earlier. This automatic suppression of the display of visual cues in connection with links that are no longer operative is particularly advantageous when the display unit is used by inexperienced users who may be confused by error messages returned by the remote server when requested documents are no longer available. Interactive Access Control Development As noted earlier, the creation of the software content of an effective interactive kiosk display system is typically quite costly. The ability to utilize existing web pages and HTML browsing software can significantly reduce these costs, so long as suitable safeguards are incorporated to prevent the user from accessing undesired web pages and to affirmatively guide the user's attention to desired information. The creation of such an access control mechanism may also be made an interactive process which may be performed by kiosk proprietors with little or no training in either programming or HTML page creation. From the kiosk owner's perspective, the development process merely requires that the HTML pages being made available to the user be browsed to activate links to other pages, supplying link control information when requested by the development program, and adding or editing links and text to the pages which are presented. An introductory explanation of the interactive development process is best illustrated by FIGS. 4-6 of the drawings, each of which illustrates the content of a dialog box presented to the developer during the course of a development session. During the development session, the developer operates development software, to be discussed later, which operates as a conventional web browser. FIG. 4 shows a Link Handling dialog box which is displayed each time the developer activates a link imbedded in the currently displayed document to produce a URL request. The Link Handling dialog box contains a "Target" area for the entry of information specifying the handling of the linking function, and a "Transition Display" area for the entry of information specifying the manner in which insertion pages are to be displayed prior to the requested information. In the "Target" area of the Link Handling dialog box seen in FIG. 4, the fully qualified URL of the HTML page to be displayed next is shown at 201 at the left of a preview button 203. By pressing the button 203, the developer may view (but not link from) the document identified by the URL displayed at 201. The developer may select among the options OK, Prevent and Substitute made available by the radio buttons 205. If "Prevent" is selected using radio buttons 205, the remaining controls on the display are greyed to indicate they are disabled, with the exception of the preview button and the radio buttons at 207 which allow the developer to specify whether the choices made on the dialog box are to be applicable to all occurrences of links to this target URL, or only to the particular link whose activation caused the Link Handling dialog box to be displayed. The "Prevent" option is implemented by placing a replacement command record in the string list 133 which identifies the Target URL, sets the boolean values Search.sub.-- URL to true, Search.sub.-- Anchor to false, Search.sub.-- Normal to false and Case.sub.-- Sensitive to false. Target.sub.-- Page and Replacement both contain null strings, unless radio buttons 207 are set to indicate that only this specific link is to be disabled, in which case Target.sub.-- Page and Location are set to specify the page and character location respectively of the beginning of the link to be disabled. If the radio buttons 205 are set to indicate that a different target should be substituted for the target whose URL is shown at 201, the "Substitute" button is selected which enables a drop-down edit box 211 and browse button 213. When the drop-down button at the right-hand end of drop-down edit box 211 is depressed, the URL's of the locally stored pages are displayed, enabling one files of those to be directly. Alternatively, the URL of a local or remote page may be entered into the edit box 211 or the browse button 213 depressed to display a conventional filename browsing dialog box for locating desired files anywhere on the local hard drive. When "Substitute" is selected, the originally requested URL display at 201 is greyed and the preview button 203 when pressed displays the substitute file whose URL is shown in the edit box 211. The substitution of a different link is implemented by placing a replacement record in the string list 133 which uses the Target and/or Location fields, as well as the Search.sub.-- URL flag, to identify the link to be modified, and places the new target's URL in the replacement field. The replacement command of Example 1 described above may be generated by selecting the "Substitute" option in Link Handling dialog box of FIG. 4. The handling of the target page identified at 201 may be further defined using the dialog box of FIG. 4 by the checking checkbox 215 labeled "Link No Further" to disable all of the links on the target page in the manner previously discussed in connection with the string replacement command Example 6. The target area of the dialog box of FIG. 4 also includes a checkbox 214 which can be checked by the developer to indicate that a remote web page should be stored locally on the kiosk computer. In that event, a copy is made of the page identified by the URL displayed at 201, along with copies of all imbedded graphics identified by <IMG> tags. An entry is then made in a locally stored lookup table to which the access control unit 120 refers to convert link requests directed to the original remote URL into requests directed to the new locally stored file. No rewriting of the links themselves is required. As discussed later in conjunction with FIG. 9, HTML pages which are stored locally, including those which were locally stored at the request of the developer, may be rewritten in accordance with the stored string replacement commands on list 133 at the conclusion of the development session, eliminating the need for performing revisions during the browsing session. As previously discussed, remotely stored information which is subject to frequent or unpredictable change, such as weather reports, price lists, new services, etc., or which is quite voluminous and only infrequently accessed, should normally not be locally stored but instead remotely accessed. The checkbox 214 is disabled (checked and greyed) when the target page specified by the URL displayed at 201 is already locally stored. The target area of FIG. 4 also includes controls 216-218 which enable the developer to assign a reward/penalty value to each target page. Each target page is initially assigned a neutral default reward/penalty value of zero, but may be assigned a value varying from a penalty of -10 to a maximum reward of+10. When a browsing session is initiated by the first link from the root attract page, the session-points-remaining value is set at a predetermined value determined by the user entries at 510 and 512 in the dialog box seen in FIG. 10, discussed later. As the session continues, the access control system 110 decrements this value by at the rate, for example, of 5 points per second for "neutral pages" but increases the rate to 15 points per second for heavily penalized pages, whereas pages set to a reward value of +5 result in no change, and reward values of +10 actually cause the session-points-remaining value to increase at the rate of 5 points per second. Whenever the accumulated points reaches zero the session is terminated by displaying an insert page reading "Your Time Has Expired. Next User Please", and returning to the attract page. The scrollbar control 216 with the slider 217 provides a convenient mechanism for setting the reward/penalty value 218 as desired, indicating to the user that viewing certain pages is to be encouraged while viewing other pages is to be discouraged. In this way, users who are viewing pages which the kiosk proprietor favors earn longer session times that viewing disfavored pages. When the developer actuates a link during the development session, the Link Handling dialog box seen in FIG. 4 also provides a mechanism for requesting and identifying the display of a transition page prior to the display of the target page specified in the target area as described above. The radio buttons allow the specify "None" to indicate that no page is to be displayed prior to the target page; "Random" to specify that an insert page is to be selected from the collection of available insert pages, and "Selected" to indicate that the particular page entered into drop down edit box 223 is to be inserted. The drop down button at the right of edit box 223 causes the display of a drop down list of all insert pages in the collection of available pages from which a selection may be made. Alternatively, a URL may be entered directly into the edit box 223 or selected using a conventional filename selection dialog box activated when the adjoining browse button 225 is pressed. The duration of the inserted page may be set by entering a number in the edit box 231. This number is then placed in the <META> statement along with the insertion page name to control the dynamic loading of the original target URL page after the display of the insertion page as previously described in connection with FIG. 3. The dialog box seen if FIG. 5 is displayed whenever the user performs a right-button mouse click when the cursor is on a word or when displayed text has been selected using a standard left-button-depressed text selection dragging operation. When a word or string is selected, depressing the right-hand mouse button produces a set of conventional options (Copy, Cut, etc.) and the additional option "Replace" which, when chosen, displays the dialog box seen in FIG. 5 with the selected word or text appearing as the default in the Find edit box 240. Using the check boxes at 241, 243, 245, and 247, the developer indicates whether or not the string displayed in edit box 240 is to be replaced on a case sensitive basis, and whether it is to be replaced when found in normal displayed text, anchor text or in a URL, respectively. The replacement text, which may be lengthy, is entered inot a memo box 248 as seen in FIG. 5. The radio buttons 249 allow the developer to specify whether all occurrences of the text in edit box 240 are to be rewritten as indicated by the dialog box, or only the specific text which was identified when the dialog box was opened. The dialog box seen in FIG. 5 can also be opened by menu selection, in which case the radio buttons 249 are greyed and disabled. The replacement command Example 2 discussed above may be produced using the String Replacement dialog box seen in FIG. 5. By right-clicking the mouse on "white space" (e.g., a position between words or images) of the currently displayed page, a pop-up menu is produced which includes the entry "Insert Link" which, if chosen, displays the dialog box of FIG. 6. Alternatively, right clicking on existing anchor text or image causes the pop-up menu to include the option "Edit Link" which, if selected, causes the dialog box of FIG. 6 to be presented with the included controls already filled in; that is, if anchor text was selected, that text appears in the memo box 251 and if an anchor image was selected, the S.C.=URL for that image appears in a drop down edit box 253. Likewise, the URL of the target of the link is displayed in a drop down edit box 257. The data gathering functions provided by the dialog boxes seen in FIGS. 4-6 of the drawings is further illustrated by the flow charts seen in FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 illustrates the operation of the dialog box of FIG. 4. The dialog box is displayed in response to the issuance of a linking request by the development system web browser as seen at 301 in FIG. 7. The radio buttons 205 of FIG. 4 accept a selection within the decision box 303 in FIG. 7. If a substitution is selected, the developer supplies the URL of the new target at 305 using the edit box 211 seen in FIG. 4. Appropriate entries are then made into the string list seen at 133 in FIG. 2 as seen at 305, 307 and 309 in FIG. 7. The lower portion of the flow chart seen in FIG. 7 illustrates the procedure followed to utilize the entries in the transition display section of the dialog box seen in FIG. 4. The decision block 311 of FIG. 7 accepts the selection made by the user using the radio buttons 221 of FIG. 4. Based on the remaining data entered on in the transition display section of the dialog box, an appropriate record may be added to the transition list 111 seen in FIG. 2 as indicated at 313, 315, 317 and 319 in FIG. 7. The flow chart seen in FIG. 8 illustrates the procedure followed to utilize the information entered in the dialog boxes shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. As described earlier, right clicking the mouse on the displayed page displays a pop-up menu which supplies the developer with the option of replacing displayed text or inserting a tag at the position in the displayed page indicated by the mouse click. If the mouse is clicked on a word or on a selected string which is not highlighted anchor text as determined at decision block 325,, the dialog box of FIG. 5 is displayed to provide the information collected in steps 327-330 of FIG. 8. Alternatively, a menu selection can also invoke the display the dialog box of FIG. 5 as indicated at 333. If the developer right clicks the mouse on displayed anchor text, an anchor image, or on whitespace, the dialog box of FIG. 6 is displayed to obtain information descriptive of a new anchor as indicated at steps 341-343 in FIG. 8. Automated Development Session To insure that the developer does not overlook any links which may or may not be left operative on pages presented to the kiosk user, it is advantageous to automate the task of scanning each page for links and automatically presenting those links to the developer who may then elect the treatment to be accorded each link. The automated development procedure illustrated by the flow chart of FIG. 9 provides such a mechanism. The automated development session depicted in FIG. 9 begins with the display of the kiosk's "attract page" which constitutes the root page for the hierarchy of pages which are associated by hypertext links. The attract page, illustrated by the page 81 seen in FIG. 1, is advantageously stored on the kiosk computer's local hard drive during normal use. In the absence of any activity by a user of the kiosk for a predetermined timeout duration, the kiosk computer automatically restores the display of the attract page so that all users are presented with the same beginning point. Display pages which are not linked directly or indirectly to the attract page are not accessible to the kiosk user. The set of presentation pages which will be made available to the user is defined by the combination of (1) the locally stored pages on the kiosk computer's hard drive linked to the attract page; (2) remotely stored pages linked to those locally stored pages; and (3) other remote pages to which linking is permitted from remotely stored pages by the access control information, including additional links, stored in the transition list 111 and the string list 133 seen in FIG. 2. The development session, typically carried out by a computer such as the authoring computer 30 seen in FIG. 1 which is remote from but in communication with the kiosk computer(s), accordingly consists of the steps of making available the locally stored pages, establishing a connection via the Internet (or a similar connection) to one or more remote servers which store the remotely stored pages, and evaluating those available pages and the links imbedded in each to develop the access control found in the two lists and to specify which pages accessed via the network are to be locally stored and which are to remain accessible only by a network access. Thus, at entry point 401 seen in FIG. 9, the development session begins with the root attract page being the current page undergoing evaluation. At step 402, each page is scanned for the presence of links at 403 unless that page has been previously identified as being a page from which no more further linking is to be permitted as previously explained in connection the checkbox 214 shown in FIG. 4. If the linking is to be prohibited from all links on the current page, the page is processed at 404 by posting to the string list 133 a replacement command record having a Target.sub.-- Page field set to the URL of the current page and the boolean flag bit Disable.sub.-- Pagewide set to TRUE. As previously noted in connection with the string replacement command Example 6, the HTML rewrite mechanism 130 seen in FIG. 1 responds to this command by replacing each the linking tag in an HTML being accessed with the imbedded anchor information alone, thereby disabling each link and removing the highlighting or other visually linking cue which would otherwise be added by the browser to identify the presence of these links. Note that the command created at step 404 eliminates the need for the user to individually enable or disable links on a page which may contain large numbers of links. When linking from the current page is permitted, each link is processed by the content developer as indicated at step 403-409 in FIG. 9. The current hypertext page is scanned, beginning at the start of the document, for the first (next) hypertext link to another page. If an imbedded link is found, as indicated by the "Yes" result branch at decision block 405, the link handling dialog box depicted in FIG. 4 (and the detailed flowchart of FIG. 7) is displayed for a response by the developer as seen at 407. As previously discussed, the link handling dialog box permits the developer to preview the target page specified by the detected link and to choose whether to accept (OK) the link, prevent the link from being activated, or substituting a link to a different page as indicated by decision block 409 in FIG. 9. In addition, as seen in the dialog box of FIG. 4, the content developer may specify whether a given target page is to be locally stored if currently accessed from the network, and whether further links from that page are to be disabled as a group (by checking checkbox 214 on FIG. 4) or individually processed. If the developer elects to prevent an individual link by selecting either "Prevent Here" or "Prevent Everywhere" using the radio buttons 205, the string list 133 is updated as previously discussed in connection with step 309 seen in FIG. 7, and a return is made to the page scan step 403 to search for the next link on the current display page. If the developer accepts the imbedded link, or substitutes a different link, the currently displayed page identification is pushed into a software stack as indicated at step 411, the newly specified target becomes the current display page as seen at step 413, and scanning of that the new current page is begun by returning to the scanning step 403. When there are no further links to evaluate on the current page, as indicated by the No branch from decision block 405, the user is given the opportunity at step 417 to modify the displayed text using the string replacement dialog box of FIG. 5 as seen at step 419, which may be activated at step 417 either by menu request or by right clicking on a word or selected text in the displayed document as previously discussed. The replacement string specified in dialog box 5 is also evaluated at step 421 to determine if it contains a link to a hypertext page and, if so, the identified link is evaluated in the usual fashion by returning control to the dialog box of FIG. 4 as indicated by branch 420. Otherwise, the user is given the opportunity the enter further replacement strings as indicated by branch 422. In a similar fashion, as indicated at decision block 431, the user is also given the opportunity to use a right mouse click to further edit an existing link, or add an entirely new link, by right-clicking on white space or a link anchor as indicated at 325 and 341-343 of FIG. 8 to invoke the link description dialog box of FIG. 6 as seen at step 432 of FIG. 9. If the developer elects to define a new link, as indicated by the yes branch 435 from decision block 433, control is returned to step 407 to enable the dialog box of FIG. 4 to be used to add a transition display if desired. Otherwise, the display of the current page is continued such that the developer can add or modify additional links or add additional string replacement commands. When the user indicates that no additional editing of the current page is required, and when all remaining hypertext links on the current page have been authorized, no further processing of the current page is required as indicated at branch 440, the page which contained the link to the current page is popped from the stack to become the new current page as indicated at step 441. If the stack is empty, indicating that all links from the attract page have been resolved, the development session is concluded; otherwise, the page popped from the stack becomes the new current page as indicated at step 413 and scanning of that page resumes at step 403 which searches for the next unresolved link. FIG. 10 of the drawings illustrates the on-screen appearance of the dialog used to obtain information from the user which may be employed to limit the duration of a given user session while FIG. 11 is a flow chart which illustrates the manner in which this information is utilized to control the session duration. The dialog box of FIG. 10 is displayed on request by the user, or automatically the beginning or end of each development session, and includes the following controls: an edit box at 510 which accepts a numerical quantity indicating the number of minutes each session may continue before links to further pages are disabled by employing the HTML rewrite mechanism seen at 130 in FIG. 2 to rewrite all link tags as anchor information alone; and an edit box 512 which accepts a numerical quantity indicating the number of minutes each session may continue before the session is mandatorily terminated by returning the user to the home page, accomplished by utilizing the transition display mechanism 133 of FIG. 2 to issue a URL request for the home page. Note that the URL request which forces the return to the home page may be accompanied by a predecessor transition display page which displays a warning notice, e.g., "TIME EXPIRED. NEXT USER PLEASE.". In addition, to further discourage the current user from continuing to use the display unit, the home page may require the mandatory completion of an HTML "registration" form which requests identification data from a user, such as name, mailing address, phone number, date of birth, etc. This demographic data is then recorded and may be used to produce a user evaluation number. By way of example, the evaluation number may be generated by a combination of the user's age and zip code, generating a maximum valuation number for adults living in a particular area and a minimum valuation number for children living far from the kiosk location. As illustrated at 514 in FIG. 10, the developer uses two list boxes to develop session time adjustment profiles based on the time of day when the display unit is being displayed (left hand list box at 514) and the user valuation number produced from the demographic data as noted earlier (the right hand list box at 514). In this way, session durations greater than the default values entered at 510 and 512 are allowed at those times during the day when little usage is likely, and reduced session times during the busiest hours. Similarly, using the adjustment profile recorded in the right hand list box at 514, adjustments to the session times may be made based on the user valuation number. Changes to individual entries in either the time-of-day adjustment profile in the left list box at 512 or the user valuation profile in the right list box at 512 are made by clicking on an individual item and changing the adjustment value in the spinner-driven edit box at 516. Session Timing and Logging Mechanism Session timing is accomplished by an interrupt or timer driven routine as illustrated in FIG. 11. Upon each occurrence of a system time interrupt, the routine is entered at 521 and a count value CNT is incremented. If CNT is evenly divisible by a value IC (with IC having a value selected such that the routine beginning at 527 is entered every 10 seconds, for example), a session count value is incremented (or decremented) by PageValue at 527, incremented (or decremented) by UserValue at 529, and incremented or decremented by TimeValue at 531. The session count value SC is initialized to zero at the beginning of every new session and counts upward toward limit values LinkVal, which establishes a session duration threshold at which further linking is terminated, and EndVal, which establishes a session duration threshold at which the session is terminated entirely. PageValue is a positive or negative integer which adjusts the amount by which SC changes (upwardly or downwardly) based upon the value entered by the user for the current page being viewed when that page was ranked using the controls 216-218 in the dialog box seen in FIG. 4. UserValue is a positive or negative integer reflecting the weight given to the user valuation in the right hand list box 514 of FIG. 10, with the valuation number being derived from the demographic data entered during user registration as discussed above. Finally, the count SC is adjusted by TimeValue comprising the combination of a fixed positive base value which reflects the passage of time as adjusted by a time-of-day adjustment obtained by comparing the current time of day with the time-of-day profile value entered by the developer in the left hand list box 514. Together, PageValue, UserValue and TimeValue quantities provided by the developer control the rate at which SC advances toward the thresholds LinkVal and EndVal which are set by the developer's entries at 510 and 512 respectively as seen in FIG. 10. When SC is greater than LinkVal as determined at 533, the link disabling process in HTML rewrite mechanism 130 is turned ON as indicated at 536. If the session count value SC is also larger that EndVal as determined at test 538, the session is terminated as indicated at 539. The timer driven interrupt handling routine seen in FIG. 11 further includes a mechanism for logging session usage. Each time the interrupt count CNT is divisible by the integer MC (which is selected such that the test at 525 is performed once per second, for example), a test is performed at 525 to determine if the current page being displayed has changed since the last test at 525, a determination made by comparing the URL of the current page with the string LASTURL saved during the last detected transition. If URL is not equal to LASTURL, an entry is appended to a log file consisting of records each comprising the new URL, the time of day at which the page designated by the URL was first displayed, and an integer identifying the current user by specifying the record number for that user in a file of registration records accumulated for the user from CGI processing of the home page registration form. In this way, a log file is maintained from which the entire viewing history for each user may be reconstructed, the amount of usage for each HTML document (total occurrences and average viewing time), and data correlating the demographic data with the available content. Such data is of particular value to the content developer since it enables the developer to identify pages which were of interest to users, pages which were frequently accessed from the network and are hence candidates for local storage, etc. As noted earlier in connection with FIG. 1 of the drawings, this demographic and usage log data may be transmitted to the authoring computer by establishing a file transfer connection via a conventional modem-to-modem route over the dialup telephone lines, of by using the Internet to perform an FTP or SMTP transfer. When the current URL is found at test 525 to be unchanged from LASTURL, a further test is performed at 540 to determine if the current time exceeds LT, a time value saved at 526 when the current URL was first detected, by more than a idle time value Q. When Time>LT+Q, it is established that the current page has been on screen for more than time Q with no user activity; consequently, since the display unit is apparently not being used, the session is ended by branching to 539 such that the attract (home) page is again displayed for viewing by the next user. Information Exchange The sequence of events which occur during the overall operation of a display unit, such as the kiosk 10 seen in FIG. 1, is depicted by the flow chart of FIG. 12. Before the display unit is first operated, it must receive the locally stored displayable information files as well as the control structures developed as described in connection with FIG. 9 consisting of the string list seen at 133 in FIG. 1, the transition list seen at 111 in FIG. 1, and the lookup table 112 seen if FIG. 1. As previously noted, these files are advantageously created using the interactive content authoring system described above at a remote authoring station, such as the computer 30 seen in FIG. 1, and are transferred to the display unit's local storage by a file transfer via the dialup telephone system or by Internet FTP transfers. Each session begins, as indicated at 572, by initializing the CNT, SC, and LASTURL variables, by turning off the link disabling mechanism if it has previously been turned ON as described in connection with step 536 seen in FIG. 11, and by issuing a URL request for the display of the home (attract) page. As previously noted, the home page or its necessary successor advantageously includes a registration form which is directed to a local CGI (Common Gateway Interface) processing facility which appends a record to a file of records containing user identification information as indicated at 574 and 575 in FIG. 12. During the course of the session, as each new page is accessed, the URL for that page, its start time, and an identifying number specifying the current user is appended to a log file of URL usage records as indicated at 576 and 577 (previously describe in connection with step 526 in FIG. 11). When the session ends by a timeout condition being detected as indicated at 578 (tests 538 and 540 in FIG. 11), if the display unit is determined to be idle at 580 (based on test 540 in FIG. 11), the display unit makes use of the idle time to perform housekeeping information transfers as indicated at 590-596 in FIG. 12. First, a link is established to a supervisory computer (typically a host computer on the Internet which can receive information using FTP or SMTP transfers) at 590 and thereafter the previously untransmitted portion of the usage record file is transmitted as indicated at 592 and the previously untransmitted user records are transmitted at 594. Then, as indicated at 596 in FIG. 12, the records in the lookup table are processed sequentially by transmitting an "if modified since" message to the server holding each file designated by an origination URL in the lookup table. If it is determined that the file identified by the origination URL has been modified since the locally stored copy was created (perhaps by the authoring computer) or last updated by the individual display unit, the newly revised copy is accessed and stored after being passed through the HTML rewrite unit 130 which alters the newly stored local copy in accordance with the commands contained in the string list 133. The mechanism for updating stored files which originated from remote locations is illustrated schematically in FIG. 13 of the drawings. The left hand flow chart in FIG. 13 illustrates the manner in which the lookup table, shown generally at 600, is used to redirect URL requests for remotely stored documents such that they instead retrieve locally stored copies. The right hand flow chart of FIG. 13 shows how the lookup table 600 is employed to periodically update the stored information so that it takes into account modifications to the files as they exist in the remote servers. Both of the routines illustrated in the flow charts of FIG. 4 are executed by the transition display control mechanism seen at 113 in FIG. 2. The routines manipulate and respond to values stored in lookup table 600 which consists of a plurality of entries, one for each remote file stored in local storage, each entry consisting of four fields: an originating URL field 603, a Chck field 604 storing a time stamp indicated when the entry was last validated, a Mod field 605 storing a time stamp indicating when the corresponding local file was stored or last updated, and a local URL field 607 specifying the local storage location of the local copy of the file. When the control unit 113 receives a URL request which specifies a remotely located file, that file may have been locally stored at the request of the content developer (using the Make Local checkbox 215 seen in FIG. 4), in which case the a copy of the file originally designated by an originating URL is placed in local storage at a location specified by a local URL in field 607. During the operation of the display unit, when the user activates a link to generate a URL request seen at 109 in FIG. 2, the routine beginning at the entry point A at 609 is entered. If the URL contained in the request specifies a remote URL, a search is conducted to determine if the requested remote URL is in the lookup table 600, indicating that a local copy is available. To speed the search, the entries in lookup table 600 are advantageously sorted into order by originating URL, permitting a binary search for a matching entry to be conducted as indicated at 611. If a match is found, the local URL from field 607 is substituted for the URL in the request being processed as indicated at 615 to redirect that request to the local copy. The lookup routine concludes at exit point B indicated at 617 in FIG. 13. When the display unit is idle and the routine at 596 is called as indicated in FIG. 12 to verify the integrity of the stored files against the remote originals, the routine beginning at entry point C as seen at 619 in FIG. 13 is called. Each time the routine is entered, one of the entries pointed to by a counter value FP is checked. If the entry pointed to by FP contains a time stamp in the Chck field which differs from the current time by less than W as indicated by the test 621, no further updating is needed and the routine terminates at exit point D seen at 622. The value of W specifies the frequency at which updating is performed. Thus, if W is set to a value equivalent to 30 minutes, the entries in table 600 are checked until an entry is found that was check less than 30 minutes previously. The validation performed at 623 is performed by issuing an if-modified-since message to the server specified by the URL in the originating URL field 603 pointed to by FP, together with a specification of the time stamp found in the Mod field 605 of that entry. If the remote server responds with an indication that the original file has been modified since the time indicated by Mod, the modified version is retrieved and stored locally, as indicated at 627, and the table entry pointed to by FP is updated with the current time value in both the Mod field 605 and the Chck field 604, as well as placing the new local storage URL (if necessary) in field 607. If no updating is necessary, the Chck field 604 alone receives the current time value. So long as the display unit continues to be idle as indicated by the test at 630, the testing of the validity of the entries in table 600 can continue and FP is incremented at 629 to check the next entry. If a user has activated the unit, the checking is terminated by exiting to point D at 622. The value FP is retained so that, when the validation routine is again entered at 619, checking will continue with the oldest unchecked entry. Note that, as an alternative to performing the validation routine at the display unit as indicated at 596 in FIG. 12, a supervisory computer may be used to periodically verify the integrity of the local files stored in the individual satellite display units by performing the validation routine at intervals to identify files to be updated. When such testing reveals that a locally stored file should be updated, the supervisory computer may retrieve the modified file from the remote server and then transfer that file to each satellite display unit when that unit establishes contact with the supervisor; that is, instead of performing its own validation at 596, the satellite instead accepts the transfer of identified update files from the supervisor, eliminating the need for the individual display units to independently test their local files against the originals, and further eliminating the need for the satellite computers to maintain the Chck and Mod fields in the lookup table 600, these fields being maintained solely by the supervisory computer which performs the routine shown at the right in FIG. 13. It is to be understood that the specific embodiment of the invention which has been described above is merely illustrative of one application of the principles of the invention. Numerous modifications may be made to the apparatus and methods described without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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