Designation of footnotes and footnote reference

Abstract

A method of, and system for, designating footnotes and footnote references based on, and beginning with, an operator defined initial designation. The initial designation can be made up of both a variable functional portion and an accompanying fixed aesthetic portion. The functional portion is for numbering and can be either a numeric or other graphic character. The fixed portion can be both cosmetic and functional and can be made up of a character or characters. The designation can be located either on-line or in an indexed position. When numeric characters are used in number designating footnotes and footnote references, there is an incrementing by one of the operator selected initial number for each succeeding footnote and footnote reference designated. When other graphic characters are used in number designating footnotes and footnote references, the number of graphic characters is increased by one for each succeeding footnote and footnote reference designated. The initial designation can be selected to include either any number or number of graphic characters for numbering purposes. Also, numbers and the number of graphic characters can be reset, on a section basis such as by document page or chapter, to those initially defined. Further, if there is to be an intermingling of numeric and other graphic characters for designating footnotes and footnote references, incrementing and increasing of the numeric and other graphic characters is from the corresponding numeric or other graphic character last used for designating a footnote and footnote reference.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. In a keyboard/display word processing system, a method of causing footnotes and footnote references to be designated beginning with an operator selected marking designation which can include fixed and variable portions, said method comprising:

(a) inputting to said system for selecting said designation by:

(1) specifying a category for said variable portion; and

(2) specifying a beginning for said variable portion for designating a first set of said footnotes and footnote references; and

(b) following selecting said marking designation, causing marking designations to be applied to subsequent sets of said footnotes and footnote references to be changed by said system such that each set will be distinctively designated upon combination of separately stored footnote text and body text during assembly of a document.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein selecting a category includes selecting between a numeric or other graphic character for said variable portion.

3. A method according to claim 2 including causing a footnote reference point for said first set to be system designated following preparation of a corresponding footnote for said first set.

4. A method according to claim 3 including causing said first set to be designated with a number of said other graphic characters corresponding to said selected beginning when said other graphic character category has been selected.

5. A method according to claim 4 including causing said first set to be designated with a selected number when a numeric category has been selected.

6. A method according to claim 5 including adding one graphic character to each succeeding set of designations for said footnotes and footnote references following said first set when said other graphic character category has been selected.

7. A method according to claim 6 including selecting an indexed position for said designations and causing said designations to designate said footnotes and footnote references in an indexed position.

8. A method according to claim 7 including defining said fixed portion by selecting a character to accompany said variable portion and causing said character to accompany said variable portion when said footnotes and footnote references are designated.

9. A method according to claim 8 including causing said variable portion to be reset on a chapter basis.

10. A method according to claim 6 including selecting a different category following (a) selecting said category, and (b) a footnote reference point being designated, for causing a subsequent footnote reference point to be designated according to said different category.

11. A method according to claim 10 including reselecting said category following a footnote reference point being designated according to said different category for causing a subsequent footnote reference point to be designated according to said different category for causing a subsequent footnote reference point to be designated according to said category.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,944, now abandoned, entitled Footnote Formatting, having J. T. Repass et al. as inventors, and filed concurrently herewith.

Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,936, now abandoned, entitled Footnote Management for Display and Printing, having J. T. Repass et al. as inventors, and filed concurrently herewith.

Commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 378,946 entitled Footnote Assembly Management, having V. Cuan et al as inventors, and filed concurrently herewith.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to footnoting documents, and more specifically to a method of, and system for, designating both footnote references in body text, and corresponding footnotes.

BACKGROUND ART

Footnoting of a document such as a legal brief, book, manuscript, etc. is a well known technique of providing both uncluttered and smooth flowing information and thoughts, and background or supporting detail to a reader at different locations within the document. The smooth flowing information is the body text of a document, and the supporting detail is made up of footnote text. In constructing such a document, efficient management has always been an elusive skill. This was so when documents were handwritten, and still presents a significant economic and throughput burden today. This is so even with the availability of flexible keyboard/display word processing systems.

During the handwritten document era, a footnote reference too low on a page often left insufficient room for an aesthetically pleasing, and well placed and proportioned, accompanying footnote or a portion thereof. The solution was to terminate the page earlier than desired, abut text against the bottom of the page and chance mismanagement of the succeeding page, write smaller, etc. Mismanagement and/or early termination remain major problems today. This is so even with the availability of modern word processing systems. The available approaches for an operator or author in preparing a footnoted document are for the most part undesirable. Excessive planning is probably the most common approach, and yet, multiple drafts are the most common result. Partially filled pages, an excessive number of footnote references and footnotes appearing on different pages, and unappealing proportion mismatch of body and footnote text, and an excessive number of pages containing only footnotes remain major problems following planning and multiple drafts.

The above mentioned problems have not gone unnoticed, however. One system on the market today provides for footnote management upon printout. With this system, an operator can prepare a footnoted document in one pass, but particular operator attention is required. During preparation, body text is keyed to a body text frame up to a reference point, a footnote reference number is keyed, a footnote frame is called, a corresponding footnote number is keyed, text for the footnote is keyed, and then the body text frame is recalled. Body and footnote text are stored separately. The footnote text is stored in a footnote library for later recall. Following document preparation, there is an opportunity to separately review and edit the body and footnote text, but there is no opportunity to display review and edit an assembled document prior to printing. That is, the first opportunity an operator has to view an assembled document is following printing. During printout, the system merges the body and footnote text. However, resulting aesthetics on occasion are less than desired. This is due in part to imposed system restraints such as a requirement that there be at least one line of body text on each page. In this case, large unprinted areas on numerous pages can occur. On the whole though, planning and multiple drafts are reduced, and preparation is in a logical manner. Even so, glaring disadvantages still exist. The most notable is that the ability to efficiently edit and/or make changes is severely restricted. An example of a result of a simple editing attempt is loss of correspondence between footnote reference designations and footnote designations if footnotes are to be added, intermingled, repositioned, etc. Inserting a reference designation among existing reference designations requires a subsequent additional operation for redesignating all following reference designations. This is also the case for footnote designations if a footnote is to be inserted or deleted. Another disadvantage is the above mentioned attention that is required of an operator. An error in either a footnote reference designation or a footnote designation can either prevent later document assembly during printout, or require additional editing and printout.

With the above in mind, additional related problems exist and flexibility of available systems is somewhat restricted. Readdressing the handwritten document era for a moment, mere designation of footnote references and footnotes, standing alone, was fraught with problems. An author in referencing a footnote could readily apply the same designation to both a reference point and corresponding footnote if the designation for a prior reference and footnote were recalled or on the same page. However, a loss of recollection and an absence of a prior same page designation required either a note pad and pen or leafing through previously prepared pages. Obtaining a final inked copy with a minimum number of drafts required particular writer attention. Editing of inked copy was unacceptable, if not impossible. Paint and lift-off compositions are more modern day conveniences. Although other problems were present, the above mentioned problems alone quelled most desires to be unique in the designation area.

Advancing again to the present, modern day keyboard/display word processing systems, although beneficial in many respects, have not been structured and/or programmed to efficiently handle even rather simple designation problems. For one thing, many envisioned approaches to handling even mundane author desires required programming and/or structure additions which would be prohibitive from a cost standpoint. With this in mind, any thoughts of providing for different types of footnotes such as book and magazine descriptions with different typestyles, and using different designations for each, have quickly been abandoned. This fact has not been diminished in any respect when a desire to reset designations on a chapter basis, and/or designations are to be made up of both fixed and variable data, have been considered. When these considerations are coupled with the fact that separately stored body and footnote text must be brought together with a reasonable per page correspondence between footnote references and corresponding footnotes, there has been a compounding of the envisioned tasks and problems.

The above described capabilities of penmanship and word processing systems are prior art to the extent that a semblance of a desired end result is achievable. What has not been achievable though, are the flexibility to efficiently both meet author desires and manage designation tasks from input to output. It is these deficiencies which cause the prior art to fall short of either anticipating or rendering the instant invention obvious. More specifically, the ability to automatically designate footnotes and footnote references based upon operator initially selected and updated designations is lacking.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

A unique method of, and system for, designating footnotes and footnote references is provided in order to reduce operator attention and errors, and meet author desires and needs. Prior to input of a document, a menu is presented to the operator for selecting and defining a makeup of desired footnote and footnote reference designations. The operator has the flexibility of defining designations by specifying a variable data category such as a numeric or other graphic character, the initial variable data such as the numeral 3, fixed data surrounding the variable data such as parentheses, and a vertical location for the designations such as half indexed up on a line. Thereafter, body text is keyed up to a footnote reference point. During this body text keying, the text is displayed and editing is permitted. At the footnote reference point, a menu is called from which a footnote task is selected. This causes a display frame to be presented for keying the footnote. Editing of the footnote is also permitted. Following input of the footnote, the operator recalls the body text display frame for continued keying, and the footnote is stored away in a footnote library. Upon recall of the body text display frame, the system applies an appropriate footnote reference designation to the body text in a defined vertical location at the footnote reference point, and logs the location in the footnote library of the corresponding footnote. For example, if a previous footnote reference designation were a bracketed two ([2]), half indexed up on a line, the appropriate footnote reference designation would be a bracketed three ([3]), half indexed up on the line being operated upon. The operator also has the ability to update the variable data, reset the variable data to its initial value, and select new variable data to be intermingled with initially selected variable data, with the system providing the necessary and desired sequencing. For example, the operator can cause the designation at the next footnote reference point to be an underscored asterisk (*) by re-specifying the variable data, and the surrounding fixed data. A subsequent reference point designation will be **. A recall of the original designation makeup will result in the next reference point being designated with a bracketed four ([4]), half indexed up on the line. As such, the system automatically manages designation of footnote references and corresponding footnotes once the designations have been defined or updated. Should later editing necessitate changes in the variable data, this will also be automatically taken care of by the system. Following input keying of the body and footnote text, operator procedure calls for causing the system to assemble the body and footnote text. The assembly operation involves combined merge and pagination operations. Following assembly, the document can be display recalled on a page basis for review and editing. Thereafter, the document is ready to be printed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a page of a footnoted document illustrating one set of footnote and footnote reference designations.

FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of another set of footnote and footnote reference designations.

FIG. 3 is a pictorial representation of yet another set of footnote and footnote reference designations.

FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of a body text frame including inputted body text to the point of a first footnote reference.

FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of a footnote text frame including inputted footnote text referenced by the reference point in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is another pictorial representation of the body text frame shown in FIG. 4 having additional inputted body text to the point of second footnote reference.

FIG. 7 is a pictorial representation of another footnote text frame having inputted footnote text for the second footnote reference in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a word processing system used for performing the invention of this application.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the makeup of the processor shown in FIG. 8.

FIGS. 10-18 are flow charts corresponding to Tables 1-9 in the following Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention section of this application.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

General Description

For a general understanding of the invention, reference is first directed to FIGS. 1 through 3. In these figures are illustrated three pages which can be taken as the first page of any three chapters of a footnoted document. Alternatively, the three pages can be considered to be the first footnoted pages of three different documents. The solid lines represent body text and the dashed lines represent footnote text.

For purposes of the following explanation, it is to be noted that the Arabic numerals 1 and 2 in FIG. 1 along with the close parenthesis symbols are positionally located, half indexed up on the lines with which they appear. In FIG. 2, the numerals 1 and 2 and the periods appear on line with the remainder of the lines with which they appear. In FIG. 3, the asterisks and hyphens also appear on line with the remainder of the lines with which they appear. The Arabic numerals 1 and 2, and the asterisks make up a variable portion of the overall designations. The close parenthesis, periods, and hyphens make up a fixed portion of the designations.

The variable portions of the designations are functional and are for purposes of numbering the footnote references and footnotes. These portions are variable in that they will change from footnote to footnote and footnote reference to footnote reference. The fixed portions of the designations can be both functional and cosmetic. These portions will remain fixed from footnote to footnote and footnote reference to footnote reference, until changed by either the system or the operator as will be more fully described later herein. The fixed portions can be functional in that they may be varied for different types of background material such as magazines and books. These portions can be cosmetic in that they may be selected and used to improve the aesthetic qualities of the document being prepared.

From the above, both Arabic numerals or numeric characters, and other graphic characters can be used to define the variable portion of the designations. In the preferred embodiment being described, when numeric characters are selected, there will be an incrementing by one of an initially selected number for each following designation. When other graphic characters are selected, there will be an increase by one in the number of characters for each following designation. The fixed portion of the designations can be any character or combination of characters which are alternatively referred to later herein as leading text and/or trailing text. For example, a number one (1) can be merely followed by a hyphen, or totally surrounded with a preceding hyphen, an overstrike, a following hyphen, and an underscore. In addition, the designations can be made up of variable portions only. As is obvious, confusion will be avoided if different characters are selected for the fixed and variable portions of the designations.

In defining the variable portion of the designations, an operator can select any beginning number or number of characters. For example, the number 3 can be selected. If so, and from the above, the following designation will include the number 4. If two asterisks are selected as the variable portion of a beginning designation, the following designation will be three asterisks. This is since the system is programmed to sequence the variable portion of the designations. The system is also programmed to sequence designations having common variable portions irrespective of intermingled non-common variable portions. For example, if the order and makeup of designations is 3, 4, **, and ***, and the operator again calls for Arabic numerals, the next designation will be the number 5. In addition, an operator can specify a resetting of the variable portion of the designations to that initially defined such that, for example, designations are chapter or page oriented. That is, footnotes and footnote references can be renumbered beginning with the number 1 at the beginning of each chapter or page of a book.

The fixed and variable portions of the footnote and footnote reference designations along with the positional relationship thereof to the remainder of the line, are initially defined by the operator specifying or selecting choices from a menu at the beginning of the job of document preparation. These selections will remain in effect until changed. Operator tasks of specifying and defining designations will be brought out in greater detail later in the specification. For now though, it is sufficient to note that flexibility in specification and definition extends from only variable data to fixed and variable data positionally located.

Now it is to be assumed that an operator is keying to a word processing system having a display sufficiently large enough to display any one of the pages shown in FIGS. 1 through 3. Further it is to be assumed that body text has been keyed or input to the point of footnote reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1. The keying of body text is to a body text frame 100 shown in FIG. 4. At the point of footnote reference numeral 1, the operator calls for presentation or display of a footnote text frame 101 shown in FIG. 5. This frame is for keying or inputting footnote text for footnote 1 in FIG. 1. When the footnote text frame is called, the body text will be stored separately from the to-be-keyed footnote text. Upon completion of keying of the footnote text for footnote 1 in FIG. 5, the operator recalls frame 100. At this time, the system will automatically store away the footnote text of frame 101 in a footnote library, recall frame 100, display the numeral 1 in frame 100, and await further operator keying of body text from the point of numeral 1 in frame 100.

Following keying to the point of footnote reference numeral 2 in FIG. 6, the operator again calls for display of a footnote text frame. Footnote frame 102 shown in FIG. 7 will be displayed for keying of the footnote text for footnote 2. Following the keying of footnote text for footnote 2 in frame 102, frame 100 is again recalled, and the numeral 2 is displayed in frame 100 (FIG. 6).

Following input of any one of the documents having as a first page that represented in FIGS. 1 through 3, an assembly operation is required for merging the separately stored footnote and body text and for paginating the document for ultimate printing. A normal merge operation involves combining a portion of one document with another. A normal pagination operation is for dividing a document into page size segments capable of being printed on the paper being used. Such an operation generally involves inserting and deleting page end codes. The assembly operation contemplated herein for formatting a footnoted document requires far more than just separate merge and pagination operations. These operations must be performed in conjunction with one another in order to attain the desired results. There must be a balancing of the text and footnotes within a page.

For purposes of clarity, this balancing will be viewed briefly below from a conceptual, rather than an actual or preferred standpoint. The preferred embodiment will be set out in the following detailed description section of this application. First, a page buffer is loaded from the top with body text to the point of the first footnote reference point. Then the corresponding footnote text is loaded from the top of a footnote section of the page buffer. The page buffer is defined by a specified number of lines. The footnote section is located at the bottom of the page buffer and is defined in terms of a maximum number of footnote lines. As such, the top of the buffer is a body text section and is indirectly defined in terms of a minimum number of lines. Footnote text is input to the footnote section beginning at the top thereof. If the text for the entire footnote will fit within the footnote section, operation continues from the point of the first footnote reference point with the loading of additional body text into the page buffer. If the footnote section is full, this operation continues until either the body text section is full or up to a line before a line containing another footnote reference. If the body text section can be filled without any additional footnote references, this is accomplished and operation begins for the next page of the document. If an additional footnote reference is encountered, operation terminates with the end of the preceding line and the page has been defined. This is even though the page will contain fewer lines than possible.

On the other hand, if the footnote section has additional lines available, additional lines of body text can be loaded into the page buffer. Whether this will occur will depend on both the number of lines remaining in the footnote section and whether the additional lines of body text loadable or to be loaded contain additional footnote references. If both an additional body text line containing a footnote reference and at least one line of the corresponding footnote text can be loaded into the page buffer, this will be effected. If additional lines of body text contain no footnote references and additional lines are available in the footnote section, the available lines are filled with body text and the footnote section is moved to the bottom of the page buffer. That is, as each line of body text is loaded into the footnote section, the footnote text is shifted down one line.

Detailed Description

Refer next to FIG. 8. In this figure is shown a portion of a text processing system, including a processor 10 to which is connected a bus 12 leading from a keyboard 14. Character data generated by manual actuation of keys on keyboard 14 causes character related signals to be applied to processor 10. Processor 10 provides on an output memory bus 16 a data stream in which the characters selected by actuation of keyboard 14 appear suitably encoded.

Keyboard 14 is made up of a standard set of alpha/numeric graphic keys for keying characters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols, and also includes function and format control keys for causing and controlling a carriage return, indent tab, etc. In addition, the keyboard includes a second set of control keys for issuing special control commands to the system. These control keys are for controlling cursor movement, for setting the keyboard into a number of different modes, for use in conjunction with other keys for defining and controlling operations and other functions, etc.

Memory bus 16 extends to a memory unit 20 which is preferably a random access memory, to a display unit 22, to a diskette unit 24, and to a printer 25.

Included within memory unit 20 are two text storage buffers. One is a formatted footnote text storage buffer (TSB) 140 and the other a document TSB 240. The formatted footnote TSB 140 is used only by an assembly supervisor 100 when a limited footnote resolution algorithm is used to resolve and format footnotes at the bottom of a page. The document TSB 240 is used as a window into indefinite length text pages stored on a diskette readable by unit 24. Both assembly supervisor 100 and an editing supervisor 200 use the document TSB 240.

A footnote TSB control block 130 is linked to formatted footnote TSB 140 via a channel 132. A document TSB control block 230 is linked to document TSB 240 via a channel 232.

TSB manager 125 is linked by channels 124 and 224 to footnote TSB control block 130 and document TSB control block 230, respectively.

TSB manager 125 is linked by channels 134 and 234 to formatted footnote TSB 140 and document TSB 240, respectively. Editing supervisor 200 is linked via channels 220 and 222 to TSB manager 125. Editing supervisor 200 contains keystroke processing routines which are invoked based on the key pressed on keyboard 14.

In operation of the system of FIG. 8, a body text encoded data stream applied along memory bus 16 is stored in document TSB 240. In a process of correction and editing the contents of the body text in document TSB 240, selected portions or lines of a page are presented to the operator on display unit 22.

In addition to editing the contents of the body text, editing supervisor 200 may also create and revise footnotes within document TSB 240 in order that footnotes of indefinite length can be supported.

A menu manager 202 is linked via channels 112 and 212 to assembly supervisor 100 and editing supervisor 200, respectively, and is used when a menu is to be displayed. Menu manager 202 is linked via channels 216 and 218 to a menu buffer 250.

Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to TSB manager 125 via channels 120 and 122. Assembly supervisor 100 provides control routines necessary to execute an assembly operation for paginating and merging body text stored in document TSB 240 with formatted footnote text stored either in formatted footnote TSB 140 (if all of the formatted footnote text for the body text page will fit) or on a diskette.

Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to a footnote control block 108 via channel 106. Footnote control block 108 is used to store status information during the assembly operation for resolving and formatting footnotes.

Assembly supervisor 100 is linked to a footnote reference buffer 110 via channels 102 and 104. Footnote reference buffer 110 contains pointers to diskette stored footnote text which has not yet been placed at the bottom of a page or at the end of the document during the assembly operation.

Refer next to FIG. 9. In this figure are shown the details of processor 10 which is capable of performing the operations of this invention under program control. In practice, processor 10 includes an INTEL.RTM. 8086 Microcomputer chip. Typical logic hardware elements forming processor 10 include a control logic unit 70 which responds to instructions from memory 20 on bus 16. The control logic unit 70 is also in the data stream identified by the data and address bus 82 interconnected to various other logic units of processor 10.

In response to instructions from random access memory 20, control logic unit 70 generates control signals to other logic elements of processor 10. These control signals are interconnected to the various elements by means of a control line 72 which is illustrated directly connected to an arithmetic logic unit 73 and identified as a "control" line 72 to other elements of processor 10. Synchronous operation of the control unit 70 with other logic elements of processor 10 is achieved by means of clock pulses input to processor 10 from an external clock source on bus 74. This bus is also shown interconnected to various other logic elements of processor 10.

Data to be processed in processor 10 is input either through a bus control logic unit 76 or a program input/output control logic unit 77. The bus control logic 76 connects to random access memory 20 and receives instructions for processing data input to input/output control 77. Thus, input/output control 77 receives data from keyboard 14 while bus control logic 76 receives instructions from memory 20. Note that different storage sections of memory 20 are identifiable for instruction storage and data storage. Device controls from processor 10 are output through program input/output controller 77 over a data bus 80.

Input data on the data bus 16 is passed internally through processor 10 on the bus 82 to control unit 70. Arithmetic logic unit 73, in response to a control signal on line 72 and in accordance with instructions received on memory bus 16, performs arithmetic computations which may be stored in temporary scratch registers 83. Various other transfers of data between the arithmetic logic unit 73 and other logic elements of processor 10 are of course possible. Such additional transfers may be to a status register 85, data pointer register 86 or a stack pointer register 87. Also in the data stream for these various logic elements by means of the bus 82 is a program counter 88.

A particular operating sequence for processor 10 is determined by instructions on bus 16 and input data on the bus 16 or on bus 80 from keyboard 14. As an example, in response to received instructions, processor 10 transfers data stored in scratch registers 83 to one of registers 86, 87, or 85. Such operations of processors as detailed in FIG. 9 are considered to be well known and understood by one of ordinary skill in the data processing field. A detailed description of each of the operations of the processor of FIG. 9 for the described invention would be counterproductive to an understanding of the invention as claimed.

Table 1 illustrates a routine used by processor 10 for soliciting operator input of footnote formatting information.

Table 1 is also shown in flow chart form in FIG. 10. The numbers in parenthesis in Table 1 correspond to the reference numerals in FIG. 10.

                  TABLE 1
    ______________________________________
    FOOTNOTE FORMAT ROUTINE
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN (FN FMT)
    INITIALIZE WORK SPACE AND CONTROL BLOCKS (300)
    COPY CURRENT VALUE OF ALL MENU OPTIONS (301)
    INITIALIZE DFD (DYNAMIC FRAME DESCRIPTOR)
    WITH MENU OPTION VALUES
    UNTIL MENU IS SUCCESSFULLY EXITED OR CANCEL-
    LED DO (309)
    DISPLAY FOOTNOTE FORMAT MENU UNTIL MENU
    MANAGER (302)
    RETURNS
    VALIDATE/COMPARE VALUES (303)
    IF THE "CHANGE FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS"
    DIRECTIVE OPTION WAS SELECTED THEN (304)
    DISPLAY FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS MENU
    AND SAVE (305)
    OPERATOR INPUT FOR LEADING/TRAILING CHARAC-
    TERS AND "FOOTNOTE CONTINUED" TEXT
    ELSE
    IF A PARAMETER CONFLICT EXISTS THEN (306)
    POST OPERATOR MESSAGE (307)
    ELSE
    INDICATE FOOTNOTE FORMAT MENU HAS SUCCESS-
    FULLY EXITED (308)
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    ENDDO
    FREE WORK SPACE (310)
    RETURN (311)
    END TABLE 1 (FN FMT)
    ______________________________________

    ______________________________________
    MENU
    Chg Document Fmt
                    Brief       Ins
    DSK001                      Kyb 1 Pitch 12
    ______________________________________
    FOOTNOTE FORMAT
                        YOUR        POSSIBLE
    ID   ITEM           CHOICE      CHOICES
    ______________________________________
    a    Typestyle Number           1-31 (10 Pitch)
                                    80-111 (12 Pitch)
                                    154-175
                                    (Proportional)
                                    215-230 (15 Pitch)
    b    Separator Character
                        --          Any available
                                    character
    c    Number of Separator
                        20          1-450
         Characters
    d    Maximum Number of
                        48          1-999
         Footnote Text Lines
         Per Page
    e    Number of Lines
                        0           0-999
         Between Footnotes
    f    Footnote Numbering
                        1           1 = Document
                                    2 = Page
    g    Footnote Numbering         Any available
         Graphic                    character, or none
    h    Footnote Placement
                        2           1 = Document
                                    2 = Page
    i    Change Footnote
         Typing Options
    ______________________________________
    When Finished with this menu, press ENTER.
    Type ID letter to choose item; press ENTER:
    ______________________________________

    ______________________________________
    MENU 2
    ______________________________________
    Chg Document Fmt
                    Brief       Ins
    DSK001                   Kyb 1 Pitch 12
    ______________________________________
    FOOTNOTE TYPING OPTIONS
                        YOUR          POSSIBLE
    ID   ITEM           CHOICE        CHOICES
    ______________________________________
    For Body Text:
    a    Leading Characters
                        "1/2 INX UP"  Up to 8
                                      characters,
                                      or none
    b    Trailing Characters
                        "1/2 INX DOWN"
                                      Up to 8
                                      characters,
                                      or none
    For Footnote Text:
    c    Leading Characters
                        "1/2 INX UP"  Up to 8
                                      characters,
                                      or none
    d    Trailing Characters
                        "1/2 INX DOWN"
                                      Up to 8
                                      characters,
                                      or none
    e    `Continued Footnote`
                        (Footnote
         Message Characters
                        Conitnued)
    When finished with this menu, press ENTER.
    Type ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
    ______________________________________

    ______________________________________
    MENU 3
    ______________________________________
    Create Document   Brief      Ins
    DISK01            Pg. 1      Ln. 13 Kyb 1
    ______________________________________
    FOOTNOTE
                           YOUR        POSSIBLE
    ID     ITEM            CHOICE      CHOICES
    ______________________________________
    a      Create/Revise   1           1 = Yes
           Footnote Text               2 = No
    b      Reset Footnote Number
           or Character
    c      Document Name
    d      Diskette Name
    e      System Page Number
    When finished with this menu, press ENTER.
    Type ID letter to choose ITEM; press ENTER:
    ______________________________________

    ______________________________________
    FRAME 1
    ______________________________________
    (Footnote Typing Frame - Create)
    Create Footnote
                   Brief    Ins
    DISK01         Pg. 1    Ln.13 Kyb 1 Pitch 12
    ______________________________________
    When finished, press ENTER.
    FRAME 2
    (Footnote Typing Frame - Revise)
    Revise Footnote
    DISK01
    J. J. Vreeland, What to Look for When You Review
    Programming Documents for Product Usability, Technical
    Report TR03.124 (December, 1980); may be obtained from
    the IBM Corporation, Santa Teresa Laboratory, 555
    Bailey Avenue, P.O. Box 50020, San Jose, CA 95150.
    When finished, press ENTER.
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 2
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN (DOCPA)
    OBTAIN FORMATTING INFORMATION FOR
    DOCUMENT (315)
    INITIALIZE CONTROL BLOCKS AND WORK
    AREAS (316)
    GO TO STARTING PAGE
    IF PRESERVE PAGE ENDINGS IS NOT INDICATED
    THEN (317)
    UNTIL END OF DOCUMENT OR CANCEL PRESSED DO
    IF READJUSTING LINE AND A FOOTNOTE WAS (318)
    ENCOUNTERED ON THAT LINE THEN
    INVOKE (FNNUM) - UPDATE/INSERT FOOTNOTE (319)
    NUMBER IN BODY TEXT
    ENDIF
    IF SPELL-ASSISTED HYPHENATION IS ON THEN (320)
    PERFORM SPELLING-ASSISTED HYPHENATION WITH
    LINE ADJUST (321)
    ELSE
    PERFORM LINE ADJUST (322)
    ENDIF
    IF THE LINE IS NOT TO BE READJUSTED THEN (323)
    CALL (LINEPOS) TO DETERMINE IF LINE POSITION (324)
    CAUSES A PAGE END DECISION
    IF PAGE END DECISION THEN (325)
    DETERMINE LOCATION OF PAGE END (326)
    ELSE
    IF LINE END CODE IS A PE OR RPE THEN (327)
    INDICATE PAGE END DECISION (328)
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    IF PAGE END DECISION THEN (329)
    CALL (PAGEEND) TO INSERT A PAGE END AND (330)
    INCREMENT THE POINT OF OPERATION TO NEXT
    PAGE
    ELSE
    INCREMENT PAST LINE END CODE (331)
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    ENDDO
    INVOKE (EDOC) - FOOTNOTE END OF DOCUMENT (333)
    PROCESSOR
    ENDIF
    CLEANUP AFTER TERMINATING PAGINATE
    CLEANUP FOOTNOTE PROCESSING
    FREE WORK AREAS (334)
    END TABLE 2 (DOCPA) RETURN TO CALLER (335)
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 3
    ______________________________________
    BGNPROC (LINEPOS)
    DETERMINE LINE POSITION CHANGE (336)
    IF THE LINE END CAUSES THE LINE POSITION TO
    CHANGE (337)
    THEN UPDATE THE LINE POSITION CHANGE
    BY THE LINE (338)
    SPACING
    SAVE LINE SPACING (339)
    ENDIF
    OBTAIN THE LINE DENSITY FOR 1 LINE (340)
    SAVE THE LINE DENSITY FOR THE LINE SPACING
    CALCULATE AND SAVE THE LINE POSITION CHANGE
    AT THE END OF THE LINE (341)
    IF A FOOTNOTE REFERENCE WAS ENCOUNTERED ON
    THE (342)
    LINE THEN
    INVOKE (RSOLVE) - RESOLVE FOOTNOTE INTO THE
    FOOTNOTE BUFFER (343)
    ENDIF
    IF FOOTNOTE ROUTINE WANTS PAGE END DECI-
    SION THEN (344)
    SET PAGE END DECISION (345)
    ENDIF
    ADD LINE POSITION ESCAPEMENTS TO PENDING
    FOOTNOTE
    ESCAPEMENTS (346)
    DETERMINE NUMBER OF LINES FROM BOTTOM OF
    PAGE
    DETERMINE NEW LINE POSITION (347)
    ENDPROC TABLE 3 LINEPOS
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 4
    ______________________________________
    BGNPROC PAGEEND
    IF THERE IS PENDING FOOTNOTE TEXT THEN (349)
    INVOKE (EPAG) - FOOTNOTE END OF PAGE
    PROCESSOR (350
    ENDIF
    IF NOT A PAGE END CODE THEN (351)
    INSERT THE PAGE END CODE (352)
    ELSE
    MOVE ACROSS PAGE END (353)
    EXIT IF END OF TEXT PAGES
    MOVE TO START OF TEXT ON NEXT PAGE
    ENDIF
    IF PRINT INDICATED THEN (354)
    PRINT PAGE (355)
    ENDIF
    ENDPROC TABLE 4 PAGEEND
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 5
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN (FNNUM)
    IF FOOTNOTE REFERENCE RESETS THE
    FOOTNOTE (357) NUMBERING
    THEN
    RESET THE FOOTNOTE COUNTER TO THE SPECIFIED
    VALUE
    INSERT THE COUNTER INTO THE BODY TEXT (358)
    ELSE
    IF THIS IS THE FIRST FOOTNOTE OF THE
    DOCUMENT AND NUMBERING IS NOT BEING DONE
    ON A PER PAGE BASIS (359)
    THEN
    SET THE FOOTNOTE COUNTER TO 1
    INSERT THE COUNTER INTO THE BODY TEXT (360)
    ELSE
    INCREMENT THE FOOTNOTE COUNTER (361)
    IF THIS IS THE FIRST FOOTNOTE OF A PAGE AND
    NUMBERING IS BEING DONE ON A PER PAGE BASIS
    THEN (362)
    SET THE FOOTNOTE COUNTER TO 1 (363)
    ENDIF
    IF FOOTNOTE GRAPHIC NUMBER IS NOT SPECIFIED
    THEN (364)
    INSERT THE COUNTER INTO THE BODY TEXT (365)
    ELSE
    SET I = FOOTNOTE COUNTER (366)
    DO UNTIL I = (368)
    INSERT FOOTNOTE GRAPHIC (367)
    I = I-1 (369)
    ENDDO
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    END TABLE 5 (FNNUM)
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 6
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN (RSOLVE)
    IF THERE ARE FOOTNOTES TO RESOLVE FOR
    THE CURRENT (375)
    LINE THEN
    IF AT LEAST ONE MORE FOOTNOTE TEXT
    LINE WILL FIT
    AT THE BOTTOM OF THE CURRENT PAGE BEING
    PAGINATED THEN (376)
    IF THE RESOLUTION ALGORITHM TO BE
    USED IS THE
    LIMITED TSB ALGORITHM THEN (377)
    INITIALIZE THE FORMATTED FOOTNOTE
    LIMITED TSB (378)
    INVOKE GETFN - RESOLVE/FORMAT FOOTNOTES ON
    THIS LINE (380)
    IF THE FORMATTED FOOTNOTE LIMITED
    TSB BECAME
    FULL THEN (379)
    RESTORE POINT OF OPERATION TO THE FIRST
    FOOTNOTE OF THIS PAGE (381)
    RE-INITIALIZE PARAMETERS FOR THE FIRST
    FOOTNOTE OF THIS PAGE (382)
    INVOKE GETFN - RESOLVE/FORMAT FOOT-
    NOTES ON THIS LINE USING INDEFINITE LENGTH
    ALGORITHM (383)
    ENDIF
    ELSE
    INVOKE GETFN - RESOLVE/FORMAT FOOT-
    NOTES ON THIS LINE USING THE INDEFINITE LENGTH
    ALGORITHM
    ENDIF
    ELSE
    INDICATE PREMATURE PAGE TERMINATION
    DUE TO INSUFFICIENT ROOM AT THE BOTTOM OF
    THE PAGE FOR ONE MORE FOOTNOTE TEXT LINE (384)
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    RETURN
    END TABLE 6 (RSOLVE)
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 7
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN
    OBTAIN ADDRESSABILITY TO THE FIRST FOOTNOTE
    REFERENCE TO BE RESOLVED (385)
    UNTIL THERE ARE NO MORE FOOTNOTES TO BE RE-
    SOLVED DO (416)
    IF PERFORMING LIMITED RESOLUTION AND BLANK
    LINES (386)
    MUST BE INSERTED TO DELIMIT THIS FOOTNOTE
    THEN
    INSERT THE BLANK LINES VIA PROGRAM SEGMENT
    BLANK --LN
    ENDIF
    COPY THE FOOTNOTE TEXT INTO THE LIMITED
    TSB AND
    DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE TEXT
    LINES VIA
    THE PROGRAM SEGMENT COPY --FN
    IF PERFORMING LIMITED RESOLUTION AND
    THE ENTRY (410)
    COULD NOT BE RESOLVED SUCCESSFULLY THEN
    INSERT INTO THE LIMITED TSB THE APPROPRIATE
    ERROR MESSAGE (411)
    ENDIF
    OBTAIN THE NUMBER OF LINES FOR THIS
    FOOTNOTE (412)
    REFERENCE
    CALCULATE THE VERTICAL ESCAPEMENT
    THAT WILL BE (413)
    GENERATED FOR THE FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES
    CORRESPONDING TO THIS FOOTNOTE REFERENCE
    UPDATE THE TOTAL VERTICAL ESCAPE-
    MENTS FOR ALL (414)
    FOOTNOTES ON THIS PAGE
    SETUP TO PROCESS THE NEXT FOOTNOTE (415)
    ENDDO
    UPDATE THE ESCAPEMENT VALUES FOR THE
    PAGINATOR VIA
    PROGRAM SEGMENT UPDATE
    SET AN APPROPRIATE EXIT RETURN CODE
    RETURN
    BEGSEG (BLANK --LN)
    DETERMINE HOW MANY BLANK LINES MUST BE
    INSERTED TO (387)
    PROVIDE FOOTNOTE SPACING
    IF THE PREVIOUS FOOTNOTE DID NOT END
    WITH A LINE (388)
    ENDING CONTROL THEN
    INSERT A REQUIRED CARRIER RETURN TO
    FORCE THE (389)
    POINT OF INSERTION FOR THE BLANK DELI-
    MITER LINES
    TO THE START OF A LINE
    ENDIF
    UNTIL ALL THE BLANK LINES ARE INSERTED
    INTO THE
    LIMITED TSB BUFFER DO (391)
    INSERT A REQUIRED CARRIER RETURN PRIOR
    TO THE (390)
    POINT OF OPERATION
    ENDDO
    ENDSEG (BLANK --LN)
    BEGSEG (COPY --FN)
    IF PERFORMING LIMITED FOOTNOTE ALGOR-
    ITHM RESOLUTION (392)
    THEN COPY THE FOOTNOTE TEXT INTO THE FORMATTED
    FOOTNOTE LIMITED TSB (393)
    ELSE
    GO TO THE FOOTNOTE PAGE VIA THE INDEFI-
    NITE LENGTH
    DOCUMENT TSB BY MOVING THE TEXT STORAGE
    BUFFER
    POINT OF OPERATION TO THE DESIRED FOOT-
    NOTE PAGE (394)
    ENDIF
    INSERT THE FOOTNOTE NUMBER SEQUENCE PRIOR TO THE (395)
    FOOTNOTE TEXT
    SETUP A COUNTER THAT WILL KEEP TRACK OF THE NUMBER (396)
    OF FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES FOR THE FOOTNOTE REFERENCE
    CONTROL
    UNTIL THE END OF THE FOOTNOTE TEXT IS FOUND DO (399)
    ADJUST THE FOOTNOTE TEXT LINE BETWEEN THE LEFT AND
    RIGHT MARGINS (397)
    INCREMENT THE COUNTER THAT IS KEEPING TRACK OF THE (398)
    NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES
    ENDDO
    IF THERE ARE NO LINES IN THE FOOTNOTE TEXT PAGE THEN (400)
    INSERT A REQUIRED CARRIER RETURN (401)
    SET THE NUMBER OF LINES FOR THIS ENTRY TO 1 (402)
    ENDIF
    SAVE THE NUMBER OF TEXT LINES CALCULATED IN THE
    ENTRY'S LINE COUNT FIELD (403)
    IF NOT PERFORMING LIMITED TSB MODE RESOLUTION THEN (404)
    IF THE FOOTNOTE TEXT PAGE'S PAGE ENDING CONTROL IS
    NOT AT THE START OF A LINE THEN (405)
    INSERT A REQUIRED CARRIER RETURN PRIOR TO THE
    PAGE END CONTROL (406)
    ENDIF
    MOVE THE POINT OF OPERATION TO THE START OF THE
    FOOTNOTE TEXT PAGE (407)
    DELETE THE FOOTNOTE NUMBER SEQUENCE. THE ROUTINE (408)
    EPAG WILL INSERT LATER
    STORE THE FORMATTED FOOTNOTE TEXT PAGE BACK TO THE
    FOOTNOTE DISKETTE (409)
    ENDIF
    ENDSEG (COPY --FN)
    BEGSEG (UPDATE)
    DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES (417)
    THAT MAY BE INSERTED IN A PAGE
    IF THE NUMBER OF AVAILABLE LINES TO INSERT IS (418)
    GREATER THAN THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE TEXT
    LINES THAT MAY BE INSERTED IN A PAGE THEN (419)
    SET THE NUMBER OF AVAILABLE LINES TO INSERT EQUAL
    TO THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES THAT
    MAY BE INSERTED IN A PAGE
    ENDIF
    UPDATE THE NEW VALUE FOR NUMBER OF TEXT LINES TO (420)
    INSERT
    UPDATE THE NEW VALUE FOR ESCAPEMENT DUE TO TEXT (421)
    LINES THAT ARE TO BE INSERTED
    INSURE THAT THE CALCULATED ESCAPEMENT WILL ALL FIT (422)
    IN THE CURRENT PAGE. ADJUST VALUE IF THE ESCAPEMENT
    IS TOO MUCH
    ENDSEG (UPDATE)
    END (GETFN)
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 8
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN
    MODIFY THE VERTICAL ESCAPEMENT DUE TO PENDING (425)
    FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES THAT ARE TO BE INSERTED AT THE
    BOTTOM OF THIS CURRENT PAGE DUE TO ANY "WIDOW" OR
    "ORPHAN" LINE DECISIONS MADE BY THE PAGINATOR
    IF IT HAS BEEN DETERMINED THAT THERE ARE FORMATTED (426)
    FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES TO INSERT AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
    CURRENT PAGE THEN
    SAVE THE CURRENT PAGE END LOCATION (427)
    INSERT PRIOR TO THE CURRENT POINT OF OPERATION THE (428)
    FOOTNOTE TEXT FORMATTING SEQUENCE THAT WILL
    ENCAPSULATE THE PENDING FOOTNOTE TEXT
    IF PERFORMING LIMITED MODE TSB ALGORITHM THEN (429)
    INSERT THE PENDING FOOTNOTE TEXT VIA PROGRAM (430)
    SEGMENT LIMITED
    ELSE
    INSERT THE PENDING FOOTNOTE TEXT VIA PROGRAM (431)
    SEGMENT INDEF
    ENDIF
    RESTORE POINT OF OPERATION TO PAGE END LOCATION (457)
    ENDIF
    RETURN
    BEGSEG (LIMITED)
    OBTAIN THE VERTICAL ESCAPEMENT OF THE FOOTNOTE TEXT
    LINES TO BE INSERTED
    IF THE INTERNAL RESOLUTION LIMIT HAS NOT BEEN (432)
    REACHED AND ALL OF THE PENDING FOOTNOTE TEXT WILL
    FIT THEN
    INSERT ALL OF THE PENDING FOOTNOTE TEXT (433)
    ELSE
    ADVANCE TO THE TOP OF THE LIMITED TSB BUFFER (434)
    MOVE THE POINT OF OPERATION TO THE END OF THE LAST
    FOOTNOTE LINE THAT IS TO BE COPIED
    INSERT INTO PAGE THE FOOTNOTE TEXT THAT IS BOUNDED (435)
    BY THE TOP OF LIMITED TSB BUFFER AND THE POINT OF
    OPERATION
    ENDIF
    UPDATE THE FOOTNOTE CONTROL BLOCK AND FOOTNOTE (436)
    REFERENCE BUFFER TO REFLECT THE NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE
    TEXT LINES INSERTED
    ENDSEG (LIMITED)
    BEGSEG
    OBTAIN THE VERTICAL ESCAPEMENT DUE TO FOOTNOTE TEXT
    LINES THAT ARE TO BE INSERTED
    OBTAIN THE OFFSET TO THE FIRST FOOTNOTE ENTRY IN (437)
    THE FOOTNOTE RESOLUTION BUFFER
    SETUP A COUNTER FOR THE NUMBER OF LINES INSERTED (438)
    UNTIL ALL THE FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES THAT ARE TO APPEAR
    ON THIS PAGE ARE INSERTED DO (455)
    IF THE FOOTNOTE REFERENCE WAS RESOLVED (439)
    SUCCESSFULLY THEN
    INSERT THE FOOTNOTE TEXT (440)
    ELSE
    INSERT INTO TEXT THE APPROPRIATE FOOTNOTE (441)
    RESOLUTION ERROR MESSAGE
    ENDIF
    ADD TO THE COUNTER KEEPING TRACK OF HOW MANY LINES (442)
    HAVE BEEN INSERTED THE NUMBER OF INSERTED LINES
    FOR THIS FOOTNOTE
    SUBTRACT FROM THE COUNTER KEEPING TRACK OF HOW (443)
    MUCH ESCAPEMENT REMAINS TO BE INSERTED BY THE
    INSERTED ESCAPEMENT
    IF THERE IS STILL MORE ROOM FOR FOOTNOTE TEXT THEN (444)
    DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF BLANK LINES TO INSERT (445)
    FOR FOOTNOTE SPACING
    DETERMINE THE ESCAPEMENT DUE TO THESE BLANK (446)
    LINES
    IF THERE IS ROOM FOR THESE BLANK LINES THEN (447)
    ADJUST THE INSERTION ESCAPEMENT COUNTER (448)
    ACCORDINGLY
    ADJUST THE INSERTION LINE COUNTER ACCORDINGLY (449)
    INSERT THE BLANK LINES INTO TEXT (451)
    SETUP TO PROCESS THE NEXT FOOTNOTE (452)
    ELSE
    INDICATE THAT NO MORE FOOTNOTE TEXT CAN BE (450)
    INSERTED
    ENDIF
    ENDIF
    ENDDO
    UPDATE THE FOOTNOTE CONTROL BLOCK AND FOOTNOTE (453)
    REFERENCE BUFFER TO REFLECT THE NUMBER OF FOOTNOTE
    TEXT LINES INSERTED
    IF THERE WILL BE NO FOOTNOTE TEXT LINES FLOWING TO (454)
    THE NEXT PAGE AND SYSTEM IS PERFORMING REGULAR
    RESOLUTION THEN
    STOP USING THE INDEFINITE ALGORITHM SO THAT THE (456)
    LIMITED ALGORITHM WILL BE USED ON THE NEXT PAGE
    ENDIF
    ENDSET (INDEF)
    END (EPAG)
    ______________________________________

                  TABLE 9
    ______________________________________
    BEGIN (EDOC)
    IF FOOTNOTES ARE BEING PLACED AT THE END OF THE (460)
    DOCUMENT AND THE END OF THE DOCUMENT HAS BEEN
    REACHED AND NO FOOTNOTE TEXT HAS BEEN RESOLVED THEN
    OBTAIN POINTER TO THE FOOTNOTE REFERENCE BUFFER (461)
    CONTAINING POINTERS TO EVERY FOOTNOTE FOUND IN THE
    DOCUMENT
    UNTIL THE LAST REFERENCE HAS BEEN RESOLVED DO (464)
    FETCH FOOTNOTE TEST (462)
    INSERT THE NUMBER OF BLANK LINES AS SPECIFIED BY (463)
    THE "NUMBER OF BLANK LINES BETWEEN FOOTNOTES"
    PARAMETER
    ENDDO
    ENDIF
    END TABLE 9 (EDOC)
    ______________________________________

• Inventors
  Repass, James T.; Ruiz, Thomas M.; Shipp, Jr., Kenneth O.; Wood, Richard B.;
• Assignee
  International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)
• Published
  Mar-3-1987
• Current US Classes:
  715/537
• Application #
  778750
• International Classes
  G06F 009/00
• Field of Search
  364/200 364/900
• Examiner
  Shaw; Gareth D.
• Agent
  Barksdale; J. H.
• US Patent References:
  4308582