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Methods and apparatus for determining theme for discourse6199034
Abstract
A content processing system determines content of input discourse. The content processing system includes a theme vector processor that determines themes in the input discourse. The theme vector processor identifies themes, including identifying the relative importance of the themes in the input discourse by generating a theme strength. The theme strength indicates relative thematic importance for the theme in the input discourse. A knowledge catalog, which includes static ontologies arranged in a hierarchical structure, is also disclosed. The static ontologies are independent and parallel of each other, and contain knowledge concepts to represent a world view of knowledge. The theme vector processor utilizes the static ontologies to generate a theme concept for each theme by extracting a knowledge concept from a higher level node in the hierarchical structure of a static ontology.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for determining themes in an input discourse, said method comprising the steps of:
storing a thematic profile for said input discourse that includes a plurality of thematic tags for words in said input discourse, wherein said thematic tags indicate the existence or non-existence of a plurality of thematic constructions, and wherein said thematic constructions comprise a plurality of tests made against said words in the exact context of said discourse to determine thematic aspects or information about the overall theme of said discourse;
storing a lexicon comprising a plurality of words and definitional characteristics for said words; and
generating theme terms from words in said input discourse based on existence or non existence of said thematic constructions as indicated by said thematic tags, and based on definitional characteristics of said words as indicated by said lexicon, wherein said theme terms identify overall content of said input discourse.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step of generating theme terms comprises the step of accumulating theme strengths for said words based on the existence or non existence of said thematic constructions as indicated by said thematic tags, wherein said theme strengths indicate relative importance among said theme terms in said input discourse.
3. The method as set forth in claim 2, wherein the step of generating theme terms comprises the step of accumulating theme strengths for said words on a sentence, paragraph, and document level.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
storing a plurality of categories arranged hierarchically in a knowledge catalog; and
classifying themes of said input discourse by mapping at least one theme term into a category of said knowledge catalog.
5. The method as set forth in claim 4, further comprising the step of generating a theme concept for said theme term by extracting a category from a higher level node in said knowledge catalog.
6. The method as set forth in claim 5, further comprising the step of adding a theme concept as a theme term if more than one theme term map to said theme concept.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
determining whether each theme term is essentially non-ambiguous such that said theme term is commonly recognized as having a single sense; and
utilizing only non-ambiguous terms as theme terms.
8. A method for classifying themes of an input discourse, said method comprising the steps of:
receiving a plurality of themes from said input discourse;
storing, to represent a knowledge catalog, a plurality of categories arranged hierarchically such that child categories associated with parent categories include both semantic and linguistic associations, wherein said linguistic associations include associations between at least two concepts where a concept representing a child category is a type of a concept representing a parent category, and semantic associations include associations between at least two concepts, generally associated together in language usage, but concepts of child categories are not a type of concepts of parent categories; and
classifying said themes of said input discourse by relating themes into categories of said knowledge catalog, wherein classification of said themes in categories of said knowledge catalog reflects semantic and linguistic relationships between said themes.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising the step of generating a theme concept for said theme by extracting a category from a higher level in said knowledge catalog.
10. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
determining whether each theme term is essentially non-ambiguous such that said theme term is commonly recognized as having a single sense; and
classifying only non-ambiguous terms in said knowledge catalog.
11. A method for determining theme in input discourse, said method comprising the steps of:
identifying a plurality of words or terms in said input discourse that define thematic content of said input discourse;
determining whether words or terms identified are essentially non-ambiguous such that said words or terms are commonly recognized as having a single sense;
selecting only non-ambiguous words or terms for processing to determine themes of said input discourse; and
processing said non-ambiguous words or terms to determine themes of said input discourse.
Description
MICROFICHE APPENDICES
Appendix A, entitled "Theme Parser Code" contains five microfiche with a total number of two hundred and eighty two (282) frames.
Appendix B, entitled "Code Heading" contains two microfiche with a total number of eighty five (85) frames.
Appendix C, entitled "Theme Vector Code" contains one microfiche with a total number of sixty three (63) frames.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Appendices A, B, C, contain material which is subject to copyright protection. The documents "Chaos Processor for Text", "Analysis Documentation", and "Creating a Virtual Bookshelf" also contain material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by any one of the Appendices A, B, C, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of computational linguistics, and more particularly to determining and classifying theme for an input discourse.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Discourse from a general standpoint is the capacity of orderly thought or procedure. In conversation, it is the orderly flow of ideas wherein certain topics are introduced and grouped in organized manners, and additional information expands on these topics by saying something about them. One example of a discourse is a book wherein the lowest level of a topic exists in sentences. Generally, a sentence is a grammatically self-contained language unit consisting of a word or a syntactically related group of words that express an assertion, a question, a command, a wish, or an exclamation; that in writing usually begins with a capital letter and concludes with appropriate ending punctuation; and that in speaking is phonetically distinguished by various patterns of stress, pitch and pause. Each sentence in a discourse can be said to have a topic, explicitly stated or implied, and a focus, or something that is being said about the topic.
In general, theme identifies which topic is really being discussed and what is being said about that topic. To understand the thematic information in a sentence, an analysis method is needed that is able to experience all of the subtle nuances that a writer conveys to a reader in less tangible ways. The human mind does not understand information by analyzing the grammatical content of a sentence. Many sentences are identical in grammatical context but are very different because of the specific selection of words and what additional facets of understanding the words add to the understanding of the sentence. The difference does not just influence the topics by introducing another different idea, but also influences the level of importance that each word has in the sentence by indicating new, extra-grammatical, thematic contexts. Therefore, prior art systems that determine the importance of theme by counting the number of times words appear in a document do not accurately determine theme.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A theme vector processor determines themes in an input discourse. The theme vector processor receives thematic tags for words and phrases in the input discourse, wherein the thematic tags indicate applicability of thematic constructions that define content of discourse. In addition, theme terms are identified based on the content carrying words of the input discourse. The theme vector processor identifies themes of the input discourse, including identifying the relative importance of the themes in the input discourse, based on the thematic tags and the theme terms. Specifically, the theme vector processor generates a theme strength for the theme terms. The theme strength indicates relative thematic importance for the theme terms in the input discourse.
In one embodiment, the theme vector processor generates theme concepts for each theme term in the input discourse through use of a knowledge catalog. The knowledge catalog includes independent and parallel static ontologies arranged in a hierarchical structure. The static ontologies contain knowledge concepts and present a world view of knowledge. The theme vector processor utilizes the static ontologies to generate a theme concept for a theme term by extracting a knowledge concept from a higher level node in the hierarchical structure of the static ontologies.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings, and from the detailed description that follows below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with references to the following drawings.
FIG. 1a illustrates several example static ontologies.
FIG. 1b illustrates a high level conceptualization for a set of static ontologies.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a content processing system for input discourse.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the high level methodology for content processing.
FIG. 4 conceptually illustrates an example of theme vector processing.
FIG. 5 illustrates a high level methodology for content processing including theme vector processing.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the operational flow of theme vector processing.
FIG. 7a illustrates a portion of a world view ontology for economics.
FIG. 7b illustrates a portion of a world view ontology for business and industry.
FIG. 8 illustrates a high level block diagram of a general purpose computer system in which the content processing system of the present invention may be implemented.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Knowledge Catalog Overview
A knowledge catalog of the present invention provides a unique infrastructure to accurately represent concepts that define knowledge. The knowledge catalog includes a set of static ontologies to define knowledge. The knowledge catalog may be characterized as including several static ontologies because the knowledge catalog provides multiple views, characterizations, and organizations of concepts. As is explained below, the knowledge catalog contains a broad coverage of concepts to provide a world view of knowledge. The static ontologies are configured as hierarchical structures such that knowledge concepts are organized from high level generalized concepts down to more specific concepts. The static ontologies are parallel and independent of each other.
FIG. 1a illustrates several example static ontologies configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 1a illustrates hierarchical structures for the "business and industry", "family", "education", "metrics", and "economics" static ontologies. As shown in FIG. 1a, each static ontology contains a plurality of concepts, illustrated as nodes in the hierarchical structures for the respective static ontologies. For purposes of simplicity, the specific "concepts" are illustrated only as nodes. However, the specific concepts contained within each static ontology hierarchical structure are set forth in the Static Ontologies. The Static Ontologies that follow include a plurality of static ontologies configured in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
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NT4 stupidity@_acting_unintelligently@_mental.sub.-- NT4
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NT3 recollection_1470 NT4
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NT4 forgetfulness_2086 NT3
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NT3 anticipation_1471 NT4
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NT4 surprise@_astonishment_2088 NT4
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NT4 frustrations@_defeats@_disappointments_2089 NT4 secrecy@_privacy_2158
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NT4 predictions@_forecasts_2091 NT3 falsehood_1484
NT4 warnings@_omens_2092 NT4
lies@_insincerity@_dishonesty@_hypocrisy_2160
NT2 communication_of_ideas_1386 NT4
exaggerations@_exaggerating_2161
NT3 nature_of_ideas_communicated_1472 NT4
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NT4 significance@_meaning_2093 NT4
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NT4 implications@_inferences_2094 NT4 dupes_2164
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NT4 complexity@_obscurity@_enigmas_2097 NT3 will_in_general_313820
NT4 double_meanings_2098 NT4 will_1485
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NT4 interpretations@_versions_2100 NT4 unwillingness_2166
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NT3 modes_of_communication_1473 NT4
resolve@_tenacity@_will-power_2167
NT4 communication@_exchange_of_ideas_2102 NT4
perseverance@_stamina_2168
NT4 manifestations@_displays_2103 NT4 stubbornness_2169
NT4 disclosures@_confessions_2104 NT3
irresolution@_caprice_1487
NT4 information@_data@_inside_information_2105 NT4 indecisiveness_2170
NT4 publications@_announcements@_statements_2107 NT4
second-thoughts@_flip-flops_2171
NT4 messengers@_announcers_2109 NT4
caprice@_on_the_spur_of_the_moment_2172
NT3 education_135 NT4
impulses@_urges@_automatic_responses_2173
NT4 instructions@_directions@_teaching_2110 NT3 evasion_1488
NT4 misteaching@_propaganda_2111 NT4
avoidance@_evasion_2174
NT4 learning@_education_2112 NT4
escapes@_loopholes_2175
NT4 teachers@_masters@_instructors_2113 NT4 abandonment@_surrendering_2
176
NT4 students@_disciples_2114 NT3 inclincation_1489
NT3 indication_1474 NT4
desires@_references_2177
NT4 indications@_signs@_indicators_2116 NT4 eagerness_2178
NT4 badges@_emblems@_uniforms_2117 NT4 indifference@_apathy_2179
NT4 records@_documents@_reports@_logbooks_2118 NT3 choice_1490
NT4 recorders@_librarians@_historians_2119 NT4 choices@_options_2180
NT3 representation_1475 NT4
rejections@_denials_2181
NT4 representations@_depictions_2120 NT4
requirements@_necessity@_inevitability_2182
NT4 misrepresentations@_injustices_2121 NT4
predestination@_fate@_determinism_2183
NT3 language_1478 NT4
plans@_schedules_2184
NT4 languages@_speech_acts@_language_2127 NT3 custom_1491
NT4 letters@_characters_2128 NT4 customs@_habits_2185
NT4 words_2129 NT4
inexperience_2186
NT4 terminology@_assigning_names_2130 NT4
fashions@_novelties@_fads_2187
NT4 anonymity_2131 NT4
social_conventions_2188
NT4 phrases@_expressions_2132 NT4
formalities@_ceremonies@_rituals_2189
NT4 informality_2190 NT4
remedies@_medicinal_drugs_2229
NT3 motive_1492 NT4
therapy@_treatments_2231
NT4 motivations@_inducements_2191 NT2 voluntary_actions_1389
NT4 pretexts@_excuses_2192 NT3 action_1501
NT4 allurements@_enticements_2193 NT4
actions@_operations@_voluntary_actions_2247
NT4 bribery_2194 NT4
inaction@_inertia@_voluntary_inaction_2248
NT4 warnings@_warning@_intimidation@_talking.sub.-- NT4
activity@_proceedings@_doers_2249
out_of.sub.--2195
NT3 purpose_1493 NT4
inactivity@_inaction@_nonworkers_2250
NT4 intentions@_objectives_2196 NT4 haste@_speed_2251
NT4 plans@_arrangements_2197 NT4 leisure@_repose_2252
NT4 hunting@_tracking_2198 NT4
relaxation@_vacations_2253
NT4 activities@_occupations@_hobbies_2199 NT4 sleeping@_hypnosis_2254
NT3 ways_and_means_1494 NT4
wakefulness@_insomnia_2255
NT4 routes@_methods_2200 NT3
exertion@_endeavor_1502
NT4 resources@_tools_2201 NT4
endeavors@_trying_one's_best_2256
NT4 provisioning@_equipping@_providing_2202 NT4
projects@_ventures@_missions_2257
NT4 storage@_laces_of_storage_2203 NT4 exertion@_energy_2258
NT4 enough@_plenty@_abundance_2204 NT4 fatigue@_strain_2259
NT4 inadequacy@_shortage@_not_enough_2205 NT4 workers@_doers_2260
NT4 excess@_saturation@_too_much_2206 NT4
places_of_employment@_workshops_2261
NT4 overdose@_saturation@_much_too_much_2207 NT3 preparation_1503
NT3 use_1495 NT4
preparation@_planning_2262
NT4 uses@_applications_2208 NT4
vulnerability@_negligence_2263
NT4 consumption@_depletion@_expenditures_2209 NT3 accomplishment_1504
NT4 misuse@_abuse_2210 NT4
accomplishment@_completion_313801
NT4 obsolescence@_castoffs@_throwaways_2211 NT4
leaving_it_undone@_loose_ends@_noncompletion.sub.--
2264
NT4 uselessness@_garbage_2212 NT4 success@_victory_2265
NT2 conditions_1388 NT4
failures@_defeats_2266
NT3 adaptation_to_ends_1496 NT4
victories@_conquests_2267
NT4 expedience@_means_to_an_end_2213 NT4
defeats@_collapses@_defeating_2268
NT4 wrongness@_disadvantages_2214 NT4
prosperity@_success_2269
NT4 importance@_significance_2215 NT4
adversity@_disaster_2270
NT4 trivia@_insignificance_2216 NT4
hindrance@_resistance@_hindering_2271
NT4 goodness_2217 NT4
difficulties@_troubles_2272
NT4 badness_2218 NT4
ease_of_accomplishment@_effortlessness_2273
NT4 afflictions@_torments@_poisons_2219 NT3 adroitness_1505
NT4 perfection_2220 NT4
skills@_abilities_2274
NT4 imperfection_2221 NT4
incompetence@_ignorance@_inexperience_2275
NT4 blemishes@_deformities_2222 NT4
cleverness@_strategies_2276
NT4 mediocrity_2223 NT4
naivety@_innocence_2277
NT3 wholesomeness_1497 NT3 conduct_1506
NT4 cleanness@_sanitation@_washing_2224 NT4 behavior_2278
NT4 dirtiness@_squalor_2225 NT4 misbehavior_2279
NTA hygiene_2226 NT2
authority@_control_1390
NT3 physical_progress_1499 NT3
prerogative_1507
NT4 improvements@_progress@_reforms_2233 NT4 authority@_competence_2280
NT4 impairment@_deterioration_2234 NT4
lawlessness@_anarchy_2281
NT4 destruction@_ruin_2235 NT3
politics_and_government_1508
NT4 restoration@_improvement_2236 NT4
government@_management_2282
NT4 rejuvenation@_renewal_2237 NT4 politics_556
NT4 relapses@_setbacks_2238 NT4 politicians_2286
NT3 security_1500 NT3 direction_1509
NT4 dangers@_crises_2239 NT4
direction@_management_2287
NT4 safety@_security_2240 NT4
directors@_overseers@_guidebooks_2288
NT4 safekeeping@_insurance@_protection_2241 NT4
masters@_patrons@_rulers@_military_officers_2289
NT4 sanctuaries@_shelters_2242 NT4
servants@_employees_2290
NT4 preservation@_conservation_2243 NT3 directions_1510
NT4 rescue@_release_2244 NT4 precepts@_rules_2291
NT4 warnings@_notices_2245 NT4 commands@_orders_2292
NT4 alarms@_alerts_2246 NT4
demands@_stipulations_2293
NT3 health_48855 NT4
advice@_proposals@_suggestions_2294
NT4 health@_fitness@_wellness_2228 NT4 councils@_committees_2295
NT3 constraint_1511 NT4
mediation@_intervention@_peacemakers_2344
NT4 compulsion@_necessity_2296 NT3 mid-course_1525
NT4 strictness@_discipline_2297 NT4
neutrality@_impartiality_2345
NT4 laxness@_imprecision_2298 NT4
compromises@_settlements@_give-and-take_2346
NT4 leniency@_mercy@_indulgence_2299 NT2 possessive_relations_1392
NT3 restraint_1512 NT3 possession_1526
NT4 restraint@_inhibition_2300 NT4
possessing@_owning@_ownership_2347
NT4 confinement@_isolation_2301 NT4
possessors@_owners_2348
NT3 unrestraint_1513 NT4
property@_real_estate_2349
NT4 freedom@_rights_2302 NT4
acquisition@_profits_2350
NT4 liberation@_rescue_2303 NT4
loss@_losses@_waste_2351
NT3 subjugation_1514 NT4
retention@_keeping_2352
NT4 domination@_control_2304 NT4
relinquishment@_disposal_2353
NT3 compliance_1515 NT3 sharing_1527
NT4 submission@_compliance_2305 NT4
participation@_sharing@_partnership_2354
NT4 obedience@_service_2306 NT4
apportionment@_budgeting@_earmarking_2355
NT4 disobedience@_rebelliousness_2307 NT3
transfer_of_property_1528
NT4 observance@_practice@_compliance_2308 NT4
transfer_of_property_or_right_313819
NT4 nonobservance_2309 NT4
donations@_endowments@_giving_2356
NT3 pledge_1516 NT4
receiving@_getting@_inheritance_2357
NT4 promises@_assurances_2310 NT4 lending@_loans_2358
NT4 contracts@_agreements@_understandings_2311 NT4
borrowing@_money-raising_2359
NT4 guarantees@_deposits@_pledges_2312 NT3 appropriation_1529
NT3 proposal_1517 NT4
taking@_takeovers_2360
NT4 offers@_bids_2313 NT4
restitution@_reparations_2361
NT4 requests@_petitions_2314 NT4 theft_2362
NT3 consent_1518 NT4 thieves_2363
NT4 consenting@_agreement@_willingness@_permission_2315 NT4
illicit_businesses@_blackmarkets@_organized_crime_2364
NT4 refusal@_rejection@_repudiation_2316 NT3 interchange_of_property_1530
NT4 permission@_authorization_2317 NT4
commerce@_economics_2365
NT4 forbidding@_refusing@_prohibition_2318 NT4 purchases@_buying_2366
NT4 repealing@_rescinding@_cancellation_2319 NT4
sales@_selling@_merchandising@_marketing_2367
NT3 commission_1519 NT3
monetary_relations_1531
NT4 commissioning@_delegating_2320 NT4 money@_currency_2373
NT4 deputies@_agents@_proxies_2321 NT4 finances@_investments_2374
NT4 promotions@_upgrades_2322 NT4 wealth@_riches_2375
NT4 demotions@_downgrades_2323 NT4 poverty_2376
NT4 retirement_from_position_of_authority_2324 NT4
financial_credit@_borrowing_power_2377
NT2 support_and_opposition_1391 NT4
debts@_liabilities_2378
NT3 support_1520 NT4
payments@_settlements_2379
NT4 aid@_support@_patronage_2325 NT4
nonpayment@_defaulting@_bankruptcy_2380
NT4 cooperation@_harmony_2326 NT4
expenditures@_disbursements@_spending_2381
NT4 associates@_companions_2327 NT4 receipts@_income_2382
NT4 associations@_societies@_coalitions_2328 NT4 accounts@_assets_2383
NT3 opposition_1521 NT4
prices@_fees@_taxes_2384
NT4 opposition@_contention@_hostility_2330 NT4 discounts@_reductions_2385
NT4 opponents@_adversaries@_enemies_2331 NT4
expensiveness@_high_prices_2386
NT4 resistance@_defiance_2332 NT4
cheapness@_low_prices_2387
NT4 defiance@_arrogance_2333 NT4 no_charge@_gifts_2388
NT3 concord_1522 NT4
economy@_cost-effectiveness_2389
NT4 accord@_rapport@_harmonious_relationships_2334 NT4
stinginess@_hoarding_2390
NT4 disharmony@_conflicts@_strained_relationships_2335 NT4 generosity_2391
NT3 contention_1523 NT4
overgenerosity@_wastefulness_2392
NT4 contention@_competition@_martial_arts_2336 NT1 affections_1353
NT4 warfare_1256 NT2
personal_affections_1393
NT4 attacks@_assaults@_offensive_warfare_2337 NT3 emotion_1532
NT4 defenses@_defensive_warfare_2338 NT4
feelings@_emotions_2393
NT4 combatants_2339 NT4
lack_of_feelings_2394
NT4 battlegrounds@_theaters_of_operations_2341 NT3 exitability_1533
NT3 peace_1524 NT4
excitement@_exhilaration@_thrills_2395
NT4 peace@_nonviolence_2342 NT4
inexcitability@_stoicism_2396
NT4 pacification@_disarmament@_demilitarization_2343 NT4 nervousness_2397
NT4 calmness@_nerves_of_steel_2398 NT4 honor@_glory_2453
NT4 patience_2399 NT4
titles@_honors@_academic_degrees_2454
NT4 impatience_2400 NT4
the_aristocracy_2455
NT3 pleasure_and_pleasurableness_1534 NT4
the_common_person_2456
NT4 pleasantness_2401 NT3
comtemplative_esteem_1540
NT4 unpleasantness_2402 NT4
sense_of_wonder_2457
NT4 pleasure@_enjoyment@_happiness_2403 NT4 composure_2458
NT4 discontent@_unhappiness@_torture_2404 NT2 sympathetic_affections_1394
NT4 hatred@_loathing@_disapproval_2405 NT3 social_relations_1541
NT4 contentment_2406 NT4
friendliness_2459
NT4 discontent@_dissatisfaction_2407 NT4 unfriendliness_2460
NT4 cheerfulness_2408 NT4
seclusion@_withdrawal@_solitude_2461
NT4 solemnity@_seriousness_2409 NT4
hospitality@_greetings_2462
NT4 sadness_2410 NT4
inhospitality_2463
NT4 sorrow@_regretting_2411 NT3 social_affection_1542
NT4 unregretfulness_2412 NT4 friendship_2464
NT4 lamentation@_grieving_2413 NT4 friends_2465
NT4 rejoicing@_laughing_2414 NT4 enmity@_hatred_2466
NT4 celebrating@_festivities_2415 NT4 hatred@_bigotry_2467
NT4 amusements@_entertainments@_sports@_games_2416 NT4
love@_affection@_devotion_2468
NT4 dancing_2417 NT4 lovemaking_2469
NT4 humor_2418 NT4 marriage_2470
NT4 wit@_humor_2419 NT4 celibacy_2471
NT4 joking@_kidding@_teasing_2420 NT4 loss_of_a_spouse_2472
NT4 dullness@_unoriginality@_cliches_2421 NT3 civility_1543
NT4 tedium@_monotony_2422 NT4 courtesy_2473
NT4 aggravations_2423 NT4
discourtesy@_rudeness_2474
NT4 relief@_feelings_of_relief_2424 NT3 benevolence_1544
NT4 comfort@_contentment_2425 NT4
kindness@_acts_of_kindness_2475
NT3 anticipative_emotions_1535 NT4
brutality@_acts_of_brutality@_cruelty_2476
NT4 hopes@_desires@_hopefulness_2426 NT4 antisocial_attitudes_2477
NT4 hopelessness_2427 NT4
public_spirit@_citizenship_2478
NT3 concern_1536 NT4
benefactors@_liberators_2479
NT4 anxiety_2428 NT4
criminals@_delinquents_2480
NT4 fears@_misgivings_2429 NT3 sympathy_1545
NT4 cowardice_2430 NT4
pity@_sympathy_2481
NT4 courage_2431 NT4
lack_of_pity@_ruthlessness_2482
NT4 rashness@_recklessness_2432 NT4
comforting@_sharing_of_grief_2483
NT4 caution@_cautiousness_2433 NT4
forgiveness@_kindness_2484
NT3 discriminative_affections_1537 NT4
congratulations@_compliments@_good_wishes_2485
NT4 exacting@_fussy@_perfectionism_2434 NT3 gratefulness_1546
NT4 good_taste@_tastefulness_2435 NT4 gratitude_2486
NT4 vulgarity@_rudeness_2436 NT4 ungratefulness_2487
NT4 ugliness_2437 NT3 ill_humor_1547
NT4 beauty@_charm_2438 NT4
ill_humor@_grumpiness_2488
NT4 ornamentation@_decorations@_ornaments_2439 NT4 resentment@_anger_2489
NT4 plainness@_naturalness@_simplicity_2440 NT3 selfish_resentment_1548
NT4 affectation@_pretense@_hypocrisy_2441 NT4 jealousy_2490
NT4 ostentation@_showiness@_luxuriousness_2442 NT4 envy_2491
NT3 affections_of_ego_313814 NT3 reprisal_1549
NT4 pride_1538 NT4
retaliation_2492
NT4 humility@_humiliation_2443 NT4 revenge_2493
NT4 servility@_submissiveness@_ingratiation_2444 NT2 morality_1395
NT4 modesty_2445 NT3 morals_1550
NT4 vanity@_egotism_2446 NT4 ethics@_morals_2494
NT4 boasting_2447 NT4
the_right_thing@_goodness@_decorum@_human.sub.--
rights_2495
NT4 blustering@_bravado_2448 NT4 wrong_2496
NT4 arrogance_2449 NT3
moral_obligation_1551
NTA insolence_2450 NT4
entitlements@_what_one_deserves_2497
NT3 esteem_1539 NT4
false_claims@_what_one_does_not_deserve_2498
NT4 reputation@_fame_2451 NT4
duty@_moral_obligations_2499
NT4 dishonor@_degradation_2452 NT4
impositions@_demands_2500
NT3 moral_sentiments_1552 NT4
atheism@_agnosticism_2568
NT4 respect@_appreciation_2501 NT3
religious_practice_1561
NT4 disrespectfulness@_ridicule_2502 NT4 worship@_devotion_2569
NT4 contempt_2503 NT4
idolatry@_paganism_2570
NT4 ridicule_2504 NT3
supernaturalism_1562
NT4 approval@_endorsement@_compliments_2505 NT4 occultism_2571
NT4 disapproval@_censure@_criticism_2506 NT4 sorcery@_magic_2572
NT4 flattery_2507 NT4
magic_spells@_charms_2573
NT4 disparagement@_verbal_abuse_2508 NT3 churchdom_1563
NT4 curses@_oaths@_obscene_language_2509 NT4 laity_2576
NT4 threats@_menaces_2510 NT4 religious_rites_2577
NT3 moral_conditions_1553 NT3
supernatural_regions_1557
NT4 honesty@_integrity@_loyalty_2511 NT1 abstract_relations_1355
NT4 dishonesty@_treachery@_unfaithfulness_2512 NT2 relation_1356
NT4 justice@_fairness@_impartiality_2513 NT3 absolute_relation_1401
NT4 injustice@_unfairness@_favoritism_2514 NT4
relationships@_relevance@_pertinence_1572
NT4 selfishness_2515 NT4
unrelatedness@_irrelevance@_inapplicability_1573
NT4 unselfishness@_altruism_2516 NT4
family_relationships_1574
NT4 virtues@_morals_2517 NT4
marital_relationships_1575
NT4 vice@_evil_2518 NT4
correlations@_interrelationships_1576
NT4 wrongdoing@_misconduct@_sin_2519 NT4
identity@_indistinguishability@_carbon_copy_1577
NT4 guilt_2520 NT4
opposition@_opposites_1578
NT4 innocence_2521 NT4
differences@_differentiations@_distinctions_1579
NT4 good_people@_gentlemen@_ladies_2522 NT4 uniformity@_homogeneity_1580
NT4 bad_people@_criminals_2523 NT4
nonuniformity@_diversification_1581
NT3 moral_practice_1554 NT4
variety@_diversity_1582
NT4 sensuality_2524 NT3
partial_relation_1402
NT4 sexual_innocence_2525 NT4
similarities@_approximations_1583
NT4 promiscuity@_loss_of_sexual_innocence_2526 NT4
dissimilarities@_contrasts_1584
NT4 indecency@_immodesty@_earthiness@_obscene_2527 NT4
imitations@_counterfeits_1585
NT4 asceticism@_self-denial_2528 NT4
originality@_newness@_uniqueness_1586
NT4 self-restraint@_self-control@_alcohol-free_2529 NT4
representations@_reproductions@_duplicates_1587
NT4 self-indulgence_2530 NT4
models@_patterns@_examples_1588
NT4 greed_2531 NT3
correspondence_of_relationship_1403
NT4 fasting_2532 NT4
agreements@_cooperation@_consensus_1589
NT4 intoxication@_drunkenness@_alcoholic_beverages_2533 NT4
disagreements@_inconsistencies@_incongruities_1590
NT4 sobriety_2534 NT2 quantity_1357
NT3 moral_observance_1555 NT3
simple_quantity_1404
NT4 accusations@_complaints@_indictments_2542 NT4 quantities@_amounts_1591
NT4 justification@_vindication_2543 NT4
degrees@_ranks@_levels@_proportions_1592
NT4 acquittal@_exoneration_2544 NT3
comparative_quantity_1405
NT4 condemnation@_guilty_verdicts_2545 NT4 equality@_parity_1593
NT4 penalties@_punishments_2546 NT4
inequalities@_disparities_1594
NT4 disciplinary_measures@_punishment_2547 NT4
midpoints@_mediocrity_1595
NT4 atonement@_reparation@_restitution_2549 NT4
reparations@_counterbalances_1596
NT2 religion_30 NT4 greatness_1597
NT3 supernatural_beings_1556 NT4 smallness_1598
NT4 deities@_god_2550 NT4
excellence@_expertise@_leadership_1599
NT4 angels@_saints_2552 NT4
insignificance@_incompetence@_subservience_1600
NT4 evil_spirits_2553 NT4
increases@_augmentations@_proliferations@_intensifications.sub.--
1601
NT4 ghosts_2554 NT4
decreases@_declines@_reductions@_curtailments_1602
NT3 religious_beliefs_1558 NT3
conjunctive_quantity_1406
NT4 theology@_religion_2560 NT4
additions@_annexations_1603
NT4 orthodoxy@_traditionalism_2561 NT4
adjuncts@_additions@_annexes_1604
NT4 unorthodoxy@_heresy_2562 NT4
subtractions@_reductions@_deletions@_amputations_1605
NT3 religious_quality_1559 NT4
remainders@_balances@_leftovers_1606
NT4 sanctity@_holiness_2563 NT4
mixtures@_mergers@_blends_1607
NT4 the_profane_2564 NT4
simplicity@_the_basics_1608
NT3 religious_sentiments_1560 NT4
complexity@_complications@_entanglements_1609
NT4 piety@_religion_2565 NT4
connections@_junctions@_fasteners@_joining_1610
NT4 sanctimony@_hypocrisy_2566 NT4
analysis@_dissections_1611
NT4 impiety@_atheism_2567 NT4
separation@_removal@_severance@_dismantlement_1612
NT4 cohesion@_consistency@_tenacity_1613 NT4
unspecified_large_numbers_1664
NT4 noncohesion@_looseness_1614 NT4 fewness_1665
NT4 combinations@_unions_1615 NT4 repetitions_1666
NT4 disintegration@_decay_1616 NT4 infinity_1667
NT3 wholeness_1407 NT2 time_1360
NT4 portions@_segments_1618 NT3 absolute_time_1416
NT4 completeness@_thoroughness_1619 NT4
time@_passage_of_time_1668
NT4 incompleteness@_deficiencies@_immaturity@_shortages_1620 NT4
eternity_1669
NT4 organizing@_structuring_1621 NT4 intervals_of_time_1670
NT4 totality@_the_whole_amount_313920 NT4
spells@_periods_of_duty_1671
NT2 order_1358 NT4 interludes_1672
NT3 order_in_general_1408 NT4
longevity@_durability_1673
NT4 order@_harmony@_regularity_1622 NT4
transience@_short_durations_1674
NT4 placement@_arrangement_1623 NT4
perpetuity@_forever_1675
NT4 classifications@_ratings_1624 NT4
instants@_minute_durations_of_time_1676
NT4 chaos@_confusion@_disorder_1625 NT4 measurement_of_time_1677
NT4 disarrangement@_disorganization_1626 NT4 anachronisms_1678
NT3 consecutive_order_1409 NT3
relative_time_1417
NT4 priorities_1627 NT4
previous_times@_formerly_1679
NT4 logical_sequences@_progressions_1628 NT4
later_times@_afterwards_1680
NT4 forerunners@_guides@_leaders@_introductions_1629 NT4 simultaneity_1681
NT4 sequels@_logical_continuations_1630 NT4
former_times@_memories@_history_1662
NT4 beginnings_1631 NT4
the_here_and_now_1683
NT4 middles_1632 NT4
future_times@_expectations@_prospects_1684
NT4 ends_1633 NT3
time_with_reference_to_age_1418
NT4 continuity@_uninterrupted_progressions_1634 NT4
newness@_innovation_1685
NT4 interruptions@_interrupted_sequences_1635 NT4
the_ancient@_traditions@_archaeology_1686
NT3 collective_order_1410 NT4
childhood@_adolescence_1687
NT4 togetherness@_communities@_escorts_1636 NT4
young_people@_plants@_animals@_insects_1686
NT4 groups@_assemblies_1637 NT4 age@_maturity_1689
NT4 decentralization_1638 NT4 adults_1690
NT3 distributive_order_1411 NT3
time_with_reference_to_season_1419
NT4 inclusion@_involvement_1639 NT4
seasons_of_the_year_1691
NT4 exclusion_1640 NT4
timeliness@_the_right_time_1692
NT4 foreignness@_newcomers_1641 NT4
untimeliness@_the_wrong_time_1693
NT4 generalizations@_prevalence_1642 NT4
earliness@_anticipation_1694
NT4 specifics@_uniqueness@_specifications_1643 NT4
delays@_postponements_1695
NT4 areas_of_expertise@_experts_1644 NT4 mornings@_days_1696
NT3 conformity_to_rule_1412 NT4
evenings@_nights_1697
NT4 conformity_1645 NT3
recurrent_time_1420
NT4 nonconformity@_nonconformists_1646 NT4
common_occurrences@_the_usual@_the_expected_1698
NT4 normality@_the_usual_1647 NT4
uncommon_occurrences@_the_unusual@_the_unexpected_1699
NT4 abnormality@_the_unusual_1648 NT4
clockwork_regularity@_predictable_cycles_1700
NT2 number_1359 NT4 irregularity_of
_recurrence@_the_sporadic@.sub.--
non-predictable_cycles_1701
NT3 number_in_general_1413 NT2 change_1361
NT4 numbers@_mathematics_1649 NT3
change@_states_of_change_313803
NT4 numeration@_assignment_of_numbers_1650 NT4
changes@_alterations_1702
NT4 lists_1651 NT4
permanence@_the_unchanging_1703
NT3 determinate_number_1414 NT4
flexibility@_the_capacity_to _change_1704
NT4 unity_1652 NT4
stability@_security@_reliability_1705
NT4 divisions_and_multiples_of_two_1653 NT4
continuation_of_actions_1706
NT4 duplication@_repetition_1654 NT4
cessation_of_actions_1707
NT4 bisection@_halving@_dichotomies_1655 NT4
changes@_switching_to_something_different_1708
NT4 threesomes_1656 NT4
reversion@_regression@_about-faces_1709
NT4 triplication_1657 NT4
major_changes_1710
NT4 trisection_1658 NT4
developmental_changes_1711
NT4 foursomes_1659 NT4
substitutions_1712
NT4 quadruplication_1660 NT4
interchanges@_exchanges@_trading_1713
NT4 quadrisection_1661 NT2 events_79925
NT4 five_and_over_1662 NT3
events@_imminence_313806
NT3 indeterminate_number_1415 NT4
events@_occurrences_1714
NT4 pluralities@_majorities_1663 NT4
forthcoming_events_1715
NT2 causation_1363 NT3
machinery_manufacturers
NT3 causes@_effects_313802 NT2
industrialist_and_financiers
NT4 causes@_stimuli@_explanations_1716 NT2
international_trade_and_finance
NT4 effects@_results@_consequences_1717 NT2 labor_and_unions
NT4 attribution@ _placing_responsibility_1718 NT3 employment_agencies
NT4 chance@_luck_1719 NT2 manufacturing
NT2 power_1364 NT2 marketing
NT3 power_in_general_1421 NT2 office_products
NT4 power@_force@_ability_1720 NT1 economics
NT4 ineffectiveness@_lack_of_power@_power.sub.-- NT2 economists
vacuums_1721
NT4 strength@_force@_strengthening_1722 NT2 finance_and_investment
NT4 weakness_1723 NT3 banking
NT4 energy@_vigor_1724 NT3 credit_cards
NT4 violence@_rage@_explosions@_extreme_measures_1725 NT3 currencies
NT4 moderation@_control_1726 NT3
financial_news_services
NT3 power_in_operation_1422 NT3
insurance_industry
NT4 operation@_management@_making_it_work_1727 NT3 precious_metals_market
NT4 productivity_1728 NT3
real_estate_industry
NT4 nonproductivity_1729 NT3
stocks@_bonds@_and_commodities
NT4 manufacturing@_childbearing_1730 NT4 mutual_funds
NT4 products@_creations_1731 NT5 balanced_funds
NT4 procreation_1732 NT5
foreign_stock_funds
NT4 ancestry@_lineage_1733 NT5 global_bond_funds
NT4 posterity@_descendants_1734 NT5 global_stock_funds
NT3 indirect_power_1423 NT5 junk_bond_funds
NT4 influence@_authority_1735 NT5 municipal_bond_funds
NT4 lack_of_influence_1736 NT5 stock_funds
NT4 tendencies@_inclinations_1737 NT5 tax-free_money_funds
NT4 likelihood_of_occurrence@_the _odds_1738 NT5 taxable_bond_funds
NT4 commitments@_making_commitments_1739 NT5 taxable_money_funds
NT3 combination_of_forces_1424 NT2
taxes_and_tariffs
NT4 teamwork_1740 TT
general_classification
NT4 lack_of_teamwork@_conflicts@_interferences_1741 TT geography
NT2 existence_1354 NT1 cartography
NT3 being_in_the_abstract_1396 NT2 explorers
NT4 existence@_reality_1564 NT1 political_geography
NT4 nonexistence@_nothing_1565 NT2 Africa
NT3 being_in_the_concrete_1398 NT3 Central_Africa
NT4 substantiality@_substances_1566 NT4 Angola
NT4 unsubstantiality@_intangibility_1567 NT4 Burundi
NT3 formal_existence_1399 NT4
Central_African_Republic
NT4 essence@_gist_1568 NT4 Congo
NT4 nonessentials@_extraneousness_1569 NT4 Gabon
NT3 modal_existence_1400 NT4 Kenya
NT4 status@_conditions_1570 NT4 Malawi
NT4 circumstances@_occurrences_1571 NT4 Rwanda
TT business_and_economics NT4 Tanzania
NT1 business_and_industry NT4 Uganda
NT2 business_services_industry NT4 Zaire
NT2 commerce_and_trade NT4 Zambia
NT3 retail_trade_industry NT3 North_Africa
NT4 convenience_stores NT4 Algeria
NT3 wholesale_trade_industry NT4 Chad
NT2 consulting_industry NT4 Djibouti
NT2 customer_service NT4 Egypt
NT2 corporations_and_business_practices NT4 Ethiopia
NT3 corporate_and_industrial_management NT4 Libya
NT2 diversified_companies NT4 Motocco
NT2 entrepreneurship NT4 Somalia
NT2 industrial_engineering NT4 Sudan
NT3 production_methods NT4 Tunisia
NT2 industrial_goods_manufacturing NT3 Southern_Africa
NT4 Botswana NT4 Thailand
NT4 Lesotho NT4 Vietnam
NT4 Nozambique NT2 Atlantic_area
NT4 Namibia NT3 Azores
NT4 South_Africa NT3 Bermuda
NT4 Swaziland NT3 Canary Islands
NT4 Zimbabwe NT3 Cape_Verde
NT3 West_Africa NT3
Falkland_Islands
NT4 Benin NT2 Caribbean
NT4 Burkina NT3
Antigua_and_Barbuda
NT4 Cameroon NT3 Bahamas
NT4 Equatorial_Guinea NT3 Barbados
NT4 Gambia NT3 Cuba
NT4 Ghana NT3 Dominica
NT4 Guinea NT3
Dominican_Republic
NT4 Guinea-Bissau NT3 Grenada
NT4 Ivory_Coast NT3 Haiti
NT4 Liberia NT3 Jamaica
NT4 Mali NT3
Netherlands_Antilles
NT4 Mauritania NT3 Puerto_Rico
NT4 Niger NT3
Trinidad_and_Tobago
NT4 Nigeria NT2 Central_America
NT4 Sao_Tome_and_Principe NT3 Belize
NT4 Senegal NT3 Costa_Rico
NT4 Sierra_Leone NT3 El_Salvador
NT4 Togo NT3 Guatemala
NT2 Antarctica NT3 Honduras
NT2 Arctic NT3 Nicaragua
NT3 Greenland NT3 Panama
NT3 Iceland NT2 Europe
NT2 Asia NT3 Eastern_Europe
NT3 Central_Asia NT4 Albania
NT4 Afghanistan NT4 Armenia
NT4 Bangladesh NT4 Azerbaijan
NT4 Bhutan NT4 Belarus
NT4 India NT4 Bulgaria
NT4 Kazakhstan NT4 Czech_Republic
NT4 Kyrgyzstan NT4 Czechoslovakia
NT4 Nepal NT4 Estonia
NT4 Pakistan NT4 Greece
NT4 Tajikstan NT4 Hungary
NT4 Turkmenistan NT4 Latvia
NT4 Uzbekistan NT4 Lithuania
NT3 East_Asia NT4 Moldava
NT4 China NT4 Poland
NT4 Hong_Kong NT4
Republic_of_Georgia
NT4 Japan NT4 Romania
NT4 Macao NT4 Russia
NT4 Mongolia NT4 Slovakia
NT4 North_Korea NT4
The_Soviet_Union
NT4 South_Korea NT4 Ukraine
NT4 Taiwan NT4 Yugoslavia
NT3 Southeast_Asia NT5
Bosnia_and_Herzegovina
NT4 Brunei NT5 Croatia
NT4 Indonesia NT5 Macedonia
NT4 Kampuchea NT5 Montenegro
NT4 Laos NT5 Serbia
NT4 Malaysia NT5 Slovenia
NT4 Myanmar NT3 Western_Europe
NT4 Papua_New_Guinea NT4 Austria
NT4 Philippines NT4 Belgium
NT4 Singapore NT4 Denmark
NT4 Germany NT4 Delaware
NT4 Faeroe_Island NT4 Florida
NT4 Finland NT4 Hawaii
NT4 France NT4 Idaho
NT4 Iberia NT4 Illinois
NT5 Andorra NT4 Indiana
NT5 Portugal NT4 Iowa
NT5 Spain NT4 Kansas
NT4 Ireland NT4 Kentucky
NT4 Italy NT4 Louisiana
NT4 Liechtenstein NT4 Maine
NT4 Luxembourg NT4 Maryland
NT4 Monaco NT4 Massachusetts
NT4 Norway NT4 Michigan
NT4 San_Marino NT4 Minnesota
NT4 Sweden NT4 Mississippi
NT4 Switzerland NT4 Missouri
NT4 The_Netherlands NT4 Montana
NT4 United_Kingdom NT4 Nebraska
NT5 England NT4 Nevada
NT5 Northern_Ireland NT4 New_Hampshire
NT5 Scotland NT4 New_Jersey
NT5 Wales NT4 New_Mexico
NT2 Indian_Ocean_area NT4 New_York
NT3 Comoros NT4 North_Carolina
NT3 Madagascar NT4 North_Dakota
NT3 Maldives NT4 Ohio
NT3 Mauritius NT4 Oklahoma
NT3 Seychelles NT4 Oregon
NT3 Sri_Lanka NT4 Pennsylvania
NT2 Mediterranean NT4 Rhode_Island
NT3 Corsica NT4 South_Carolina
NT3 Cyprus NT4 South_Dakota
NT3 Malta NT4 Tennessee
NT3 Sardinia NT4 Texas
NT2 Middle_East NT4 Utah
NT3 Bahrain NT4 Vermont
NT3 Iran NT4 Virginia
NT3 Iraq NT4 Washington
NT3 Israel NT4 Washington_D.C.
NT3 Jordan NT4 West_Virginia
NT3 Kuwait NT4 Wisconsin
NT3 Lebanon NT4 Wyoming
NT3 Oman NT2 Pacific_area
NT3 Qatar NT3 American_Samoa
NT3 Saudi_Arabia NT3 Australia
NT3 Socotra NT4 Tasmania
NT3 Syria NT3 Cook_Islands
NT3 Turkey NT3 Fiji
NT3 United_Arab_Emireces NT3
French_Polynesia
NT3 Yemen NT3 Guam
NT2 North_America NT3 Kiribati
NT3 Canada NT3 Mariana_Islands
NT3 Mexico NT3
Marshall_Islands
NT3 United_States NT3 Micronesia
NT4 Alabama NT3 Nauru
NT4 Alaska NT3 New_Caledonia
NT4 Arizona NT3 New_Zealand
NT4 Arkansas NT3 Palau
NT4 California NT3 Solomon_Islands
NT4 Colorado NT3 Tonga
NT4 Connecticut NT3 legal_bodies
NT3 Tuvalu NT3
legal_customs_and_formalities
NT3 Vanuatu NT3 legal_judgments
NT3 Western_Samoa NT3 legal_people
NT2 South_America NT3
legal_proceedings
NT3 Argentina NT3
prisions_and_punishments
NT3 Bolivia NT2
municipal_government
NT3 Brazil NT3 cities
NT3 Chile NT4
cities@_towns@_and_environs
NT3 Colombia NT4 urban_phenomena
NT3 Ecuador NT4
urban_structures
NT3 French_Guiana NT3
municipal_infrastructure
NT3 Guyana NT2 politics
NT3 Paraguay NT3
elections_and_campaigns
NT3 Peru NT3
political_parties
NT3 Suriname NT3
political_practices_and_functions
NT3 Uruguay NT3
political_principles_and_philosophies
NT3 Venezuela NT3
politicians_and_activists
NT1 physical_geography NT3
revolution_and_subversion
NT2 bodies_of_water NT2
postal_communications
NT3 lakes NT2
public_facilities
NT3 oceans NT2
state_government
NT3 rivers NT1 military
NT2 land_forms NT2 air_force
NT3 continents NT2
armored_clothing
NT3 deserts NT2 army
NT3 islands NT2 cryptography
NT3 mountains NT2
military_buildings
TT government_and_military NT2
military_equipment
NT1 government_and_law NT2 military_honors
NT2 acts@_powers@_and_procedures NT2 military_intelligence
NT2 county_government NT2
military_leaders
NT2 forms_and_philosophies_of_government NT2 military_ranks
NT2 government_bodies_and_institutions NT3
army@_air_force@_and_marine_ranks
NT3 executive_branch NT3
navy_and_coast_guard_ranks
NT4 cabinet NT2 military_wars
NT4 U.S._residents NT3
American_Civil_War
NT3 judiciary_branch NT3
American_Revolution
NT4 supreme_court NT3 warfare
NT5 chief_justices NT3 World_War_I
NT5 landmark_cases NT3 World_War_II
NT3 legislative_branch NT2
military_weaponry
NT4 house_of_representatives NT3 bombs_and_mines
NT4 senate NT3
chemical_and_biological_warfare
NT2 government_officials NT3
military_aircraft
NT3 famous_leaders NT3
missiles@_rockets@_and_torpedoes
NT3 royalty_and_aristocracy NT3
nuclear_weaponry
NT2 government_programs NT3
space-based_weapons
NT3 social_programs NT2 navy
NT4 welfare NT3 warships
NT2 international_relations NT2
service_academies
NT3 Cold_War TT
science@_technology@_and_education
NT3 diplomacy_and_diplomats NT1 communications
NT3 immigration NT2
advertising_industry
NT2 law NT2 journalism
NT3 courts NT3
broadcast_journalism
NT3 crimes_and_offenses NT3 journalist
NT4 substance_abuse NT3
print_journalism
NT3 criminals NT4 newspapers
NT3 law_enforcement NT2
publishing_industry
NT3 law_firms NT3 printing
NT3 law_systems NT3
types_of_publications
NT4 constitutional_law NT6 grooming_aids
NT4 books NT5 nutrition
NT2 speech_communications NT6 vitamins
NT1 education NT5
treatments_and_activities
NT2 colleges_and_universities NT4
healthcare_industry
NT3 academic_degrees NT5
medical_business_and_practices
NT2 curricula_and_methods NT5
medical_equipment_manufactures
NT2 schools NT4 injuries
NT2 teachers_and_students NT4
medical_disciplines_and_specialties
NT1 hard_sciences_and_technology NT5 dentistry
NT2 aerospace_industry NT5
medical_personnel
NT3 satellite_technology NT5 ophthalmology
NT3 space_exploration NT4
medical_equipment
NT4 space_explorers NT4
medical_facilities
NT4 spacecraft_and_space_stations NT4
medical_procedures
NT2 astronomy NT5
medical_diagnosis
NT3 astronomers NT6 medical_imaging
NT3 celestial_bodies NT5 surgery
NT4 comets NT4
medical_treatments
NT4 constellations NT4 pharmacology
NT4 galaxies NT5 anesthetics
NT4 moons NT6
general_anesthetics
NT4 nebulae NT6
local_anesthetics
NT4 planets NT5
antagonist_and_antidotes
NT4 celestial_stars NT5 antigout_agents
NT3 celestial_phenomena NT5
antimicrobials_and_antiparasitics
NT2 biology NT6
amebicides_and_antiprotozoals
NT3 biologists NT6 aminoglycosides
NT3 biological_evolution NT6 anthelmintics
NT3 biotechnology NT6 antifungals
NT4 genetic_engineering NT6 antimalarials
NT5 genetics_and_heredity NT6
antituberculars_and_antileprotics
NT3 botany NT6 antivirals
NT4 botanists NT6 cephalosporins
NT4 plant_diseases NT6 penicillins
NT4 plant_physiology NT6 quinolones
NT5 plant_parts NT6 sulfonamides
NT5 plant_development NT6 tetracyclines
NT4 plant_kingdom NT5
antineoplastic_agents
NT5 ferns NT6
alkylating_agents
NT5 mosses NT6
antibiotic_antineoplatics_agents
NT5 non-flowering_plants NT6 antimetabolites
NT6 conifers NT6
antineoplastic_hormone_drugs
NT5 flowering_plants NT5
autonomic_nervous_system_drugs
NT6 cacti NT6
adrenergic_blockers
NT6 grasses NT6 adrenergics
NT6 deciduous_plants NT6
anticholinergics
NT6 palm_trees NT6 cholinergics
NT6 trees_and_shrubs NT6
neuromuscular_blockers
NT3 ecology NT6
skeletal_muscle_relaxants
NT4 conservation NT5 blood_drugs
NT4 environmental_pollution NT6 anticoagulants
NT3 health_and_medicine NT6
blood_derivatives
NT4 afflictions_and_conditions NT6 hematinics
NT4 artificial_limbs_and_organs NT6 hemostatics
NT4 carcinogens NT6
thrombolytic_enzymes
NT4 defects_and_disabilities NT5
cardiovascular_drugs
NT4 diseases NT6 antianginals
NT4 dressings_and_supports NT6 antiarrhythmics
NT4 fitness_and_health NT6
antihypertensives
NT5 fitness_equipment NT6 antilipemics
NT5 fitness_technology NT6 inotropics
NT5 grooming NT4 algae
NT6 vasodilators NT4 bacteria
NT5 central_nervous_system_drugs NT4 fungi
NT6 antianxiety_agents NT5 ascomycota
NT6 anticonvulsants NT5 basidiomycota
NT6 antidepressants .
NT5 deuteromycota
NT6 antiparkinsonian_agents NT5 zygomycota
NT6 antipsychotics NT4 viruses
NT6 cerebral_stimulants NT3 physiology
NT6 narcotic_and_opioid_analgesics NT4 anatomy
NT6 nonnarcotic_analgesics_and_antipyretics NT5
cardiovascular_systems
NT6 nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drugs NT5
digestive_systems
NT6 sedative-hypnotics NT5
extremities_and_appendages
NT5 dermatomucosal_agents NT5
glandular_systems
NT6 scabicides_and_pediculicides NT5 head_and_neck
NT6 topical_corticosteroids NT6 ears
NT5 digestive_system_drugs NT6 eyes
NT6 antacids@_adsorbents@_and_antiflatulents NT6 mouth_and_teeth
NT6 antidiarrheals NT5 immune_systems
NT6 antiemetics NT6
antigens_and_antibodies
NT6 antiulcer_agents NT5
lymphatic_systems
NT6 digestants NT5
muscular_systems
NT6 laxatives NT5 nervous_systems
NT5 eye@_ear@_nose@_and_throat_drugs NT5 reproductive_systems
NT6 nasal_agents NT5
respiratory_systems
NT6 ophthalmics NT5
skeletal_systems
NT7 ophthalmic_anti-infectives NT5 tissue_systems
NT7 ophthalmic_anti-inflammatory_agents NT5 torso
NT7 ophthalmic_vasoconstrictors NT5 urinary_systems
NT7 miotics NT4
cell_structure_and_functions
NT7 mydriatics NT4 enzymes
NT6 otics NT4 hormones
NT5 fluid_and_electrolyte_drugs NT4
reproduction_and_development
NT6 diuretics NT3 zoology
NT6 electrolytes NT4 invertebrates
NT5 gold_salts NT5 arachnids
NT5 hormonal_agents NT5 crustaceans
NT6 androgens_and_anabolic_steroids NT5 insects
NT6 antidiabetic_agents_and_glucagon NT5
mollusks_and_aquatic_invertebrates
NT6 corticosteroids NT5 worms
NT6 estrogens_and_progestins NT4
prehistoric_animals
NT6 gonadotropins NT5 dinosaurs
NT6 parathyroid-like_agents NT4 vertebrates
NT6 pituitary_hormones NT5 amphibians
NT6 thyroid_hormone_antagonists NT5 birds
NT6 thyroid_hormones NT6 accentors
NT5 immune_system_drugs NT6 antbirds
NT6 antitoxins_and_antivenins NT6 bee_eaters
NT6 biological_response_modifiers NT6
birds_of_paradise
NT6 immune_serums NT6 birds_of_prey
NT6 immunosuppressants NT7 owls
NT6 vaccines_and_toxoids NT6
blackbirds_and_orioles
NT5 oxytocics NT6 bowerbirds
NT5 pharmaceutical_industry NT6 bulbuls
NT5 respiratory_drugs NT6
cotingas_and_becards
NT6 antihistamines NT6
cuckoos_and_anis
NT6 bronchodilators NT6
dippers_and_ouzels
NT6 expectorants_and_antitussives NT6 finches
NT5 spasmolytics NT6 flycatchers
NT5 topical_agents NT6 frogmouths
NT5 toxins NT6 game_birds
NT4 veterinary_medicine NT7 chickens
NT3 lower_life_forms NT6 carnivores
NT6 honey_eaters NT7 cats
NT6 honeycreepers NT7 dogs
NT6 honeyguides NT6 elephants
NT6 hoopoes NT6
even-toed_hoofed_mammals
NT6 hornbills NT7 cattle
NT6 hummingbirds NT7 goats
NT6 jacamars NT7 pigs
NT6 jays@_crows@_and_magpies NT7 sheep
NT6 kingfishers_and_motmots NT6 hyraxes
NT6 larks NT6 monotremes
NT6 manakins NT6 marsupials
NT6 mimic_thrushes NT6
odd-toed_hoofed_mammals
NT6 moundbirds NT7 horses
NT6 nightjars NT6 primates
NT6 nuthatches_and_creepers NT7 lemurs
NT6 ovenbirds_and_allies NT6
rabbits_and_hares
NT6 parrots_and_parakeets NT6 rodents
NT6 penguins NT6
seals_and_walruses
NT6 pigeons_and_doves NT7 manatees
NT6 pipits_and_wagtails NT6
whales_and_porpoises
NT6 pittas NT5 reptiles
NT6 potoos NT6 crocodilians
NT6 puffbirds NT6 lizards
NT6 shrikes NT6 snakes
NT6 silky_flycatchers NT6 turtles
NT6 starlings NT2 chemistry
NT6 swallows NT3
branches_of_chemistry
NT6 swifts NT4 chemists
NT6 tanagers NT3
chemical_constants@_theories@_and_values
NT6 thrushes NT3
chemical_elements
NT6 tinamous NT3
chemical_measures
NT6 titmice_and_chickadees NT3
chemical_particles_and_molecular_structures
NT6 toucans NT3
chemical_products
NT6 trogons NT4
chemical_explosives
NT6 vireos NT4
plastics_and_rubber
NT6 warblers_and_sparrows NT4
synthetic_textiles
NT6 water_birds NT3
chemical_properties_and_reactions
NT7 albatrosses NT3 chemical_tests
NT7 auks_and_puffins NT3 chemicals
NT7 cormorants_and_anhingas NT3 chemistry_tools
NT7 ducks@_geese@_and_swans NT2
civil_engineering_and_architecture
NT7 frigatebirds NT3 architects
NT7 gannets_and_boobies NT3
construction_industry
NT7 grebes NT4
building_components
NT7 gulls_and_terns NT5
exterior_structures
NT7 loons NT6
entryways_and_extensions
NT7 pelicans NT6 landscaping
NT7 rails@_gallinules@_and_coots NT6 ornamental_parts
NT7 shearwaters_and_petrels NT6
roofs_and_towers
NT7 shorebirds NT6
structural_framework
NT7 tropicbirds NT6
windows@_walls@_and_facades
NT7 wading_birds NT5
interior_structures
NT6 waxwings NT6
building_foundations
NT6 weavers_and_weaver_finches NT6
building_systems
NT6 woodcreepers NT7
electrical_systems
NT6 woodpeckers NT7
fireproofing_and_insulation
NT6 wrens NT7 plumbing
NT5 fish NT6 rooms
NT5 mammals NT7
interior_structural_parts
NT6 anteaters_and_sloths NT7 room_parts
NT7 aardvarks NT4 carpentry
NT6 bats NT5 coal_industry
NT4 construction_equipment NT5
petroleum_products_industry
NT4 construction_materials NT4
nuclear_power_industry
NT5 paneling_and_composites NT2
environment_control_industries
NT5 surfaces_and_finishing NT3
heating_and_cooling_systems
NT4 construction_workers NT3 pest_control
NT4 types_of_buildings NT3
waste_management
NT5 dwellings NT2
explosives_and_firearms
NT5 outbuildings NT3
firearm_parts_and_accessories
NT4 types_of_construction NT3
recreational_firearms
NT3 civil_engineers NT2 geology
NT3 schools_of_architecture NT3 ages_and_eras
NT2 computer_industry NT3
branches_of_geology
NT3 computer_hardware_industry NT4 geologists
NT4 computer_components NT3
geologic_formations
NT5 computer_memory NT3
geologic_substances
NT5 computer_sound NT4 minerals
NT5 microprocessors NT5 gemstones
NT4 computer_peripherals NT4 rocks
NT5 computer_video NT5 igneous_rocks
NT5 data_storage_devices NT5
metamorphic_rocks
NT4 types_of_computers NT5
sedimentary_rocks
NT5 hand-held_computers NT3 meteorology
NT5 laptops NT4
atmospheric_science
NT5 mainframes NT4 clouds
NT5 personal_computers NT4 cyclical_events
NT5 work-stations NT4 storms
NT3 computer_multimedia NT4
weather_modification
NT3 computer_networking NT4
weather_phenomena
NT4 Internet_technology NT4 winds
NT3 computer_science NT3 oceanography
NT4 artificial_intelligence NT3 seismology
NT4 natural_language_processing NT3 vulcanology
NT3 computer_software_industry NT2 inventors
NT4 CAD-CAM NT2
materials_technology
NT4 client-server_software NT3
industrial_ceramics
NT4 computer_programming NT3 metal_industry
NT5 programming_development_tools NT4
aluminum_industry
NT5 programming_languages NT4 metallury
NT4 databases_and_spreadsheets NT4 steel_industry
NT4 document_management_and_workflow_software NT3 mining_industry
NT5 desktop_publishing_and_word_processing NT2 mathematics
NT4 computer_viruses_and_protection NT3
algebra_and_arithmetic
NT4 graphics_software NT4 linear_algebra
NT4 operating_systems NT3 calculus
NT3 computer_standards NT3 geometry
NT3 voice_recognition_technology NT4
analytic_geometry
NT2 electronics NT3 math_tools
NT3 electrical_and_electronic_engineering NT3 mathematicians
NT3 electronic_circuits_and_components NT3 number_theory
NT3 microelectronics NT3 statistics
NT3 radar_technology NT3 symbolic_logic
NT3 retail_electronics_industry NT3 trigonometry
NT3 semiconductors_and_superconductors NT2
mechanical_engineering
NT3 telecommunications_industry NT3
machine_components
NT4 data_transmission NT3 robotics
NT4 fiber_optics NT3
types_of_machines
NT4 voice_transmission_and_telephony NT4
internal_combustion_engines
NT2 energy_industry NT2 physics
NT3 electric_power_industry NT3 acoustics
NT3 energy_sources NT3 cosmology
NT4 alternative_energy_sources NT3
electricity_and_magnetism
NT4 fossil_fuels_industry NT4 manias
NT3 heat_physics NT4 phobias
NT3 motion_physics NT3
psychological_tools_and_techniques
NT3 nuclear_and_radiation_physics NT3
schools_and_doctrines_or_psychology
NT4 subatomic_articles NT4 psychologists
NT3 optical_technology NT3
states_and_behaviors
NT4 holography NT2 sociology
NT4 laser_technology NT3
attitudes_and_behavior
NT5 high-energy_lasers NT3
social_movements_and_institutions
NT5 low-energy_lasers NT4 civil_rights
NT4 optical_instruments NT4 feminism
NT2 textiles NT3
social_structures
NT2 tools_and_hardware NT3 social_types
NT3 adhesives_and_binders NT4 senior_citizens
NT3 hand_and_power_tools NT4
social_stereotypes
NT4 digging_and_lifting_tools NT1 transportation
NT4 drills_and_bits NT2 aviation
NT4 edged_and_pointed_tools NT3 aircraft
NT4 fasteners NT4 aircraft_parts
NT4 gripping_and_tightening_tools NT3 airlines
NT4 hammers NT4
airline_companies
NT4 measuring_and_marking_tools NT3 airports
NT4 power_tools_manufacturers NT3
aviation_occupations
NT4 smoothing_and_shaping_tools NT3
avionics_and_instrumentation
NT4 wrenches NT3
freight_and_shipping
NT4 machine_tools NT3
trucking_industry
NT1 social_sciences NT3
package_delivery_industry
NT2 anthropology NT2
ground_transportation
NT3 archeology NT3
animal_powered_transportation
NT4 ages_and_periods NT3
automotive_industry
NT4 prehistoric_humanoids NT4 car_rentals
NT3 branches_of_anthropology NT4 automobiles
NT4 anthropologists NT4
automotive_parts
NT3 customs_and_practices NT4
automotive_repair
NT3 kinship_and_marriage NT4 motorcycles
NT3 peoples NT4
trucks_and_buses
NT3 races_of_people NT5 bus_companies
NT2 history NT3
human_powered_vehicles
NT3 ancient_history NT3
rail_transportation
NT3 ancient_Rome NT4
railroad_industry
NT4 Roman_emperors NT5 railroad_cars
NT3 historians NT5 railroad_jargon
NT3 historical_eras NT5
railroad_personnel
NT3 U.S._history NT5 trains
NT4 slavery_in_the_U.S. NT4 subways
NT2 human_sexuality NT3
roadways_and_driving
NT2 linguistics NT3
sleds_and_sleighs
NT3 descriptive_linguistics NT2
marine_transportation
NT4 grammar NT3 boat_parts
NT5 parts_of_speech NT3 boats_and_ships
NT4 phonetics_and_phonology NT3
nautical_occupations
NT3 historical_linguistics NT3 seamanship
NT3 languages NT3 waterways
NT3 linguistic_theories TT
social_environment
NT3 linguists NT1 belief_systems
NT3 rhetoric_and_figures_of_speech NT2 folklore
NT3 sociolinguistics NT2 mythology
NT4 dialects_and_accents NT3
mythological_beings
NT3 writing_and_mechanics NT4
mythological_creatures
NT4 punctuation_and_diacritics NT4
mythological_humans
NT4 writing_systems NT3
mythological_gods
NT2 psychology NT4 Aztec_gods
NT3 psychological_disorders NT4
dresses_and_skirts
NT4 Celtic_gods NT4
pants_and_shorts
NT4 Egyptian_gods NT4 shirts_and_tops
NT4 Greek_gods NT4 sporting_wear
NT4 Japanese_gods NT4
suits_and_uniforms
NT4 Mesopotamian_gods NT4
sweaters_and_vests
NT4 Norse_and_Germanic_gods NT3 sewing_terms
NT4 Roman_gods NT3 undergarments
NT3 myths_and_legends NT4 hosiery
NT3 utopias NT4
lingerie_and_support
NT2 philosophy NT4 men's_underwear
NT3 philosophers NT4
nightclothes_and_deshabille
NT3 philosophical_ideas NT2 cosmetics
NT3 schools_of_philosophy NT3
cosmetics_industry
NT2 religion NT3 facial_hair
NT3 doctrines_and_practices NT3 hair_styling
NT3 God_and_divinity NT2 jewelry
NT3 history_of_religion NT1 family
NT3 neo-Paganism NT2
contraception_and_fertility
NT4 astrology NT2
death_and_burial
NT5 signs_of_zodiac NT3
funeral_and_burial_industry
NT3 religious_institutions_and_structures NT2 infancy
NT3 religious_personnel NT2
kinship_and_ancestry
NT3 sacred_texts_and_objects NT2
marriage_and_divorce
NT3 world_religions NT2
pregnancy_and_birth
NT4 Christianity NT2 upbringing
NT5 Bible NT1
food_and_agriculture
NT5 Christian_denominations NT2
agricultural_equipment
NT5 Christian_heresies NT2
agricultural_technology
NT5 Christian_theologians NT3 fertilizers
NT5 evangelism NT3 pesticides
NT5 liturgical_garments NT4 fungicides
NT5 protestant_reformation NT4 herbicides
NT5 Roman_Catholicism NT2 aquaculture
NT6 religious_orders NT2
cereals_and_grains
NT6 popes NT2 condiments
NT4 eastern_religions NT2 dairy_products
NT5 Buddhism NT2
drinking_and_dining
NT5 Hinduism NT3
alcoholic_beverages
NT6 Hindu_deities NT4 beers
NT4 Islam NT4 liqueurs
NT4 Judaism NT4 liquors
NT4 sects NT4 mixed_drinks
NT1 clothing_and_appearance NT4 wines
NT2 clothing NT5 wineries
NT3 clothing_accessories NT3
meals_and_dishes
NT4 belts NT3
non-alcoholic_beverages
NT4 functional_accessories NT4 soft_drinks
NT4 gloves NT2 farming
NT3 fabrics NT2 fats_and_oils
NT4 cloth NT2
food_and_drink_industry
NT4 laces NT3
foodservice_industry
NT4 leather_and_fur NT3
meat_packing_industry
NT3 footwear NT2 forestry
NT3 garment_arts NT3 forest_products
NT4 garment_fasteners NT2
fruits_and_vegetables
NT4 garment_trim NT2 mariculture
NT3 headgear NT2 meats
NT4 hats NT3 beef
NT3 helmets_and_headdresses NT3
pate_and_sausages
NT3 neckwear NT3 pork
NT3 outer_garments NT3 poultry
NT4 coats_and_jackets NT5 fiction
NT3 seafood NT6 horror_fiction
NT2 nuts_and_seeds NT6 mystery_fiction
NT2 pastas NT5 non-fiction
NT2 prepared_foods NT6 biographers
NT3 breads_and_crackers NT6 biographies
NT3 candies NT6 reference_books
NT3 desserts NT5 satire
NT4 cakes NT4
styles_and_schools_of_literature
NT4 cookies NT3 performing_arts
NT4 pies NT4 dance
NT3 pastries NT5 ballet
NT3 sauces NT5
dancers_and_choreographers
NT3 soups_and_stews NT5 folk_dances
NT2 ranching NT5 modern_dance
NT2 soil_management NT4 drama
NT2 spices_and_flavorings NT5 drama_types
NT3 sweeteners NT5
dramatic_structure
NT2 supermarkets NT5 dramatists
NT1 home NT5 stage_actors
NT2 home_furnishings NT5 stagecraft
NT3 beds NT4 music
NT3 carpets_and_rugs NT5 blues_music
NT3 cases@_cabinets@_and_chests NT5 classical_music
NT3 chairs_and_sofas NT6
classical_composers
NT3 curtains@_drapes@_and_screens NT6 opera_and_vocal
NT3 functional_articles NT5
composition_types
NT3 home_appliances NT5 folk_music
NT3 lamps_and_mirrors NT5 jazz_music
NT3 linens_and_fabrics NT5 music_industry
NT3 ornamental_objects NT5
music_terminology
NT3 stools_and_stands NT5
musical_instruments
NT3 tables_and_desks NT6
keyboard_instruments
NT2 kitchen NT6
percussion_instruments
NT3 cookers NT6
string_instruments
NT3 cooking NT6
wind_instruments
NT3 fine_china NT7
brass_instruments
NT3 flatware NT7 woodwinds
NT3 glassware NT5
musicians_and_groups
NT3 kitchen_appliances NT5
popular_music_and_dance
NT3 kitchen_utensils NT3
television_and_radio
NT3 pots_and_pans NT3
cartoons@_comic_books@_and_superheroes
NT3 serving_containers NT3 science_fiction
NT2 hotels_and_lodging NT3 visual_arts
NT1 leisure_and_recreation NT4 photography
NT2 arts_and_entertainment NT5 cameras
NT3 cinema NT5
photographic_lenses
NT4 movie_people NT5 photographers
NT4 movie_stars NT5
photographic_processes
NT4 movie_terms NT5
photographic_techniques
NT4 movie_tools_and_techniques NT5
photographic_tools
NT3 entertainments_and_spectacles NT4
art_galleries_and_museums
NT4 entertainers NT4 graphic_arts
NT4 theater_types NT4 painting
NT3 literature NT5 painters
NT4 authors NT5
painting_tools_and_techniques
NT4 classical_literature NT5 painting_types
NT4 literary_devices_and_techniques NT5
styles_and_schools_of_art
NT4 poetry NT4 sculpture
NT5 classical_poetry NT5 sculptors
NT5 poetic_styles_and_techniques NT5
sculpture_tools_and_techniques
NT5 poets NT5 sculpture_types
NT4 prose
NT2 games
NT3 indoor_games
NT4 board_games
NT4 card_games
NT4 video_games
NT3 outdoor_games
NT2 gaming_industry
NT3 gambling
NT2 gardening
NT3 gardens
NT2 hobbies
NT3 crafts
NT3 pets
NT2 outdoor_recreation
NT3 hunting_and_fishing
NT2 restaurant_industry
NT2 smoking_and_tobacco
NT2 sports
NT3 baseball
NT3 basketball
NT3 bicycling
NT3 bowling
NT3 boxing
NT3 equestrian_events
NT4 horse_racing
NT3 football
NT3 golf
NT3 hockey
NT3 martial_arts
NT3 motor_sports
NT3 skiing
NT3 soccer
NT3 sports_equipment
NT3 swimming_and_diving
NT3 tennis
NT3 track_and_field
NT2 tourism
NT3 places_of_interest
NT3 resorts_and_spas
NT3 cruise_lines
NT2 toys
Although Static Ontologies provides a set of static ontologies for the preferred embodiment, modifications to the classification or concepts may be made without deviating from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Each ontology shown in FIG. 1a contains a plurality of levels that form the hierarchical structure. For example, the "business and industry" static ontology contains three levels of concept classifications under the highest level concept, and the "economics" contain four levels of concept classifications. Generally, the static ontologies of the present invention includes no more than six levels.
The actual configuration, structure and orientation of a particular ontology is dependent upon the subject matter or field of the ontology. Therefore, each ontology in the set of static ontologies of the present invention contain a different point of view. The different points of view for the static ontologies result in different approaches or different ways of viewing the knowledge concepts in the different static ontologies. Consequently, the organization of the knowledge concepts in each ontology is not consistent. As is explained below, the different points of view for the ontologies permit combining "like" forms of knowledge with "unlike" forms of knowledge through linking of one or more static ontologies.
Although the set of static ontologies are broad to cover a wide range of concepts, they are not extremely detailed. In addition, the set of static ontologies do not contain concepts that are extremely volatile. For an example ontology, a classification for "computers", may contain a sub classification for "operating systems." However, particular types of operating systems, such as "Windows" and "OS/2", are too volatile, and therefore would not be contained in the example computer ontology. Because the static ontologies define a broad range of concepts but not in great detail, they remain relatively stable over time. Therefore, the static ontologies do not require frequent updates.
The ontologies contained within the knowledge catalog of the present invention are organized such that the concepts are independent of language and culture. Therefore, the set of static ontologies in the knowledge catalog of the present invention provide a world view of knowledge. The knowledge concepts in the static ontologies are applicable to all cultures and languages. For example, in the "business and industry" ontology, the concept "commerce and trade" is a sub classification of the top level "business and industry" concept. Under the concept "commerce and trade", the ontology includes the concepts "marketing", "retail trade industry", and "wholesale trade industry." For this example, all cultures engaging in commerce and trade have concepts in marketing, retail trade industry, and wholesale trade industry. Although different words in different languages are used to describe the concepts of "marketing", "retail trade industry", and "wholesale trade industry", these concepts exist in all cultures. Therefore, the "business and industry" ontology, similar to all of the static ontologies, is not dependent on language or culture.
The "business and industry" ontology hierarchy shown in FIG. 1a contains three levels of concepts in the hierarchical structure. With only three levels, the "business and industry" ontology does not contain too much detail by including low level concepts or words that are specific to the business and industry field. For example, an additional category for "Wallmart" may be desired to more specifically classify knowledge beyond the concept of "convenience stores." However, the concept of "Wallmart" is too detailed for the business and industry static ontology because "Wallmart" does not translate across cultures and languages. For this example, in order to classify "Wallmart", the concept is placed in a dynamic level as is explained below.
The static ontologies in the knowledge catalog are in essence a new type of book. For example, a thesaurus provides words with their linguistic connotations. However, a thesaurus does not provide real world culturally independent knowledge concepts, including both semantic and linguistic derivatives of the knowledge concepts. Similarly, a dictionary, which provides definitions and origins of words, does not provide such an organization of knowledge concepts. Also, an encyclopedia, which provides detailed information on a variety of subject matters, does not provide a world view of knowledge as the knowledge catalog of the present invention.
A high level conceptualization for a set of static ontologies are shown in FIG. 1b. For this embodiment, a set of static ontologies 105 are organized in an industry domain 110, a concrete/generic domain 120, and an abstract domain 130. The industry domain 110 includes a plurality of the static ontologies to represent words that define concrete terminology specific to one or more industries or fields of study. There are different types of industry domain 110 ontologies. For example, a classification for "electronics" includes sub-classifications for "computers" and "micro electronics." Other classifications, such as "geography", are separated into two high level classifications, "political" and "physical" geography. The industry domain 110 separates the political and physical geography classifications because the concepts of political and physical geography are very different, and each classification includes different sub-classifications beneath them.
Some of the set ontologies in the industry domain 110 are not as much industries but rather concrete concepts. For example, "clothing" represents a specific concrete ontology. In the hierarchical structure, some sub-classifications provide factual information for the higher level or parent classification, while other sub-classifications provide more richness to the parent classification. For example, the term "computer program" provides more richness to the parent classification "computer industry." However the term "California avocados" provides factual information for the parent classification "avocados" by representing that the avocados are from California.
As shown in FIG. 1b, for the preferred embodiment, the static ontologies 105 further include the concrete/generic domain 120 and abstract domain 130. The concrete/generic domain 120 contains static ontologies to represent knowledge concepts that have concrete definitions, but may be applicable to one or more specific industries or categories (e.g. the terms are generic). For example, the word "plant", when used to describe a manufacturing plant, is a concrete term that applies to many industries. Therefore, a classification for "plant" is located in the concrete/generic domain 120. The abstract domain 130 contains representations of words that are not concrete, but rather describe abstract concepts. For example, the concepts of "knowledge" and "methods" do not describe material items, but are "abstract" concepts. Although the present invention is described in conjunction with a specific domains (e.g. industry, concrete/generic, and abstract domains), other organizations may be used to define the static ontologies without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The static ontologies of the present invention are relational such that the linking of one or more static ontologies, or portions thereof, result in a very detailed organization of knowledge concepts. As described above, each static ontology provides a high level view of a particular subject; however, linking or cross referencing among two or more static ontologies results in many combinations of knowledge hierarchical structures. For example, for the static ontologies shown in FIG. 1a, if a particular classification included concepts in "business and industry" and "economics", then the combination of the "business and industry" and "economics" ontologies provides seven hierarchical levels for that classification. Therefore, the parallel and independent nature of static ontologies, when linked or cross referenced, provides an extremely detailed and comprehensive coverage of knowledge concepts. In order to provide a complete classification hierarchy without cross referencing the independent and parallel ontologies of the present invention, it would require developing a hierarchy that anticipated every combination of knowledge concepts. As can be realized, if this approach is taken for each subject, then setting forth every conceivable breakdown becomes impossible. The groupings of independent and parallel ontologies provide a relational knowledge catalog.
The parallel and independent ontologies of the present invention allow for the greatest amount of flexibility in developing a detailed classification breakdown. For example, a first ontology may include a concept for "geography", and a se |
