Hierarchical relational definition system for defining an object and method therefor6578024
Abstract
A hierarchical relational definition system (26) for defining an object is provided in which a user is presented with a plurality of menus from which selections are made, whereupon the system references a database (10) to obtain information about an object corresponding to said selections, the data including control data to determine whether a formula is to be referenced to calculate further data, and provides an output including information about said object. The system is useful in cost estimate engineering to provide estimates of man-hours to install materials. The system also has a formula adjustment mechanism (44,46) to refine the formulae according to any variation between the actual man-hours and the calculated man-hours.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A hierarchical relational definition system for defining an output object, comprising:
interface means that sequentially presents a plurality of menus from which selections are made, each selection forming an input parameter, said input parameters corresponding to an input object;
indexing means which forms an index to a database means from at least one of the input parameters;
said database means including fields in which data relating to said input object is stored, one of the fields including control data;
referencing means arranged to reference the database means using the index to obtain therefrom the data relating to the input object;
processing means response to said control data, said control data including instructions to control whether the processing means references a formula and calculates further data relating to said input object; and
output means for creating an output corresponding to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, said output defining the output object.
2. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each combination of input parameters represents a different input object.
3. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a formulae database referenced by the processing means to obtain the formula.
4. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a formulae adjustment database, in which adjustments to each formula in the formulae database are stored, said processing means also referencing said formulae adjustment database when calculating the further data.
5. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a comparison means, responsive to the output and to actual data provided by a user corresponding to actual values of the further data, the comparison means altering the adjustment in the formulae adjustment database corresponding to the input object so as to reduce any difference between the actual data and the further data.
6. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing means is also responsive to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data when calculating the further data.
7. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein only one selection is made from each menu.
8. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the index is formed from a plurality of the input parameters.
9. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the index is formed from the concatenated values of the plurality of input parameters.
10. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the database means and the formula adjustment database each comprise a table.
11. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the output means comprises table generation means which produces a table comprising at least one row, each row corresponding to an object and containing the input parameters and the further data.
12. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control data includes information as to whether a user is to be asked to enter data relating to the output object.
13. A hierarchical relational definition system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control data includes information as to whether a field in said database means comprises the further data for the output object or a further index to be used in referencing the formula.
14. A method for defining an object, comprising the steps of:
sequentially presenting a plurality of menus from which selections are made;
forming an index to a database from at least one of the selections;
referencing said database using the index to obtain therefrom data relating to the object, some of said data being control data;
determining from said control data whether to reference a formula to calculate further data relating to the object, and if so, referencing said formula and calculating said further data; and
presenting at least one of the selections and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, as an output, wherein the output defines the object.
15. A method for defining an object as claimed in claim 14, including the step of referencing a formulae adjustment database to obtain therefrom an adjustment for said formula, which is utilised in calculating the further data.
16. A method for defining an object as claimed in claim 15, including the step of comparing the further data with an actual value provided by a user, and on the basis of the comparison altering the adjustment corresponding to the object to reduce the difference between the further data and the actual value.
17. A method for defining an object as claimed in claim 14, 15 or 16, wherein the index is formed from a plurality of the selections.
18. A method for defining an object as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 17, including the step of requesting a user to enter data relating to the object if indicated to do so by the control data.
19. A cost estimate system comprising:
means for producing a direct cost estimate; and
means for producing an indirect cost estimate, including a hierarchical relational definition system according to claim 1.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a hierarchical relational definition system and a method of defining an object.
BACKGROUND ART
Literally, cost estimate engineering is the preparation of a cost estimate for an engineering project. A cost estimate typically comprises two components, direct costs and indirect costs.
Indirect costs include such things as site supervision, site engineers, plant and equipment hire, insurance and so forth. Whilst indirect costs are not negligible, in most engineering projects, direct costs constitute the bulk of the costs.
Direct costs consist of the materials used in the project and labour required to install the materials. Typically, the materials are organised as a bill of materials, which is a list of every material item required for the engineering project.
To produce a direct cost estimate, the labour required to install the materials in the bill of materials is estimated. Whilst information on materials for engineering projects exists, estimating the labour required to install a material has predominantly been based on the judgement of the cost estimate engineer. Thus, there has been a risk of inconsistencies in cost estimates, due to different judgements of cost estimate engineers in relation to the labour required for a particular material or the differing judgement of the same cost estimate engineer on a day to day basis.
Heretofore it has been unknown to have an integrated structured system with on-line databases to assist a cost estimate engineer in preparing multi-disciplined direct and indirect cost estimates at order of magnitude, budget and/or definitive level.
It is believed that such a system would have many advantages, including that it would provide a level of consistency in the labour estimates appearing in the direct cost estimates.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a hierarchical relational definition system for defining an object, comprising:
interface means that sequentially presents a plurality of menus from which selections are made, each selection forming an input parameter, said input parameters corresponding to an object;
indexing means which forms an index from at least one of the input parameters;
database means including fields in which data relating to said object is stored, one of the fields including control data;
referencing means arranged to reference the database means using the index to obtain therefrom the data relating to the object;
processing means responsive to said control data, said control data including instructions to control whether the processing means references a formula and calculates further data relating to said object; and
output means for creating an output corresponding to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data and the further data, if any, said output defining the object.
Preferably, each combination of input parameters represents a different object.
Preferably, only one selection is made from each menu.
Preferably, the index is formed from a plurality of the input parameters. In a preferred arrangement, the index is formed from the concatenated values of the plurality of input parameters.
Preferably, the hierarchical relational definition system includes a formulae database referenced by the processing means to obtain the formula.
Preferably, the hierarchical relational definition system is provided with a formulae adjustment database, in which adjustments to each formula in the formulae database are stored, said processing means also referencing said formulae adjustment database when calculating the further data.
Preferably, the hierarchical relational definition system is provided with a comparison means, responsive to the output and to actual data provided by a user corresponding to actual values of the further data, the comparison means altering the adjustment corresponding to the object in the formulae adjustment database to reduce any difference between the actual data and the further data.
In one arrangement, the processing means is also responsive to at least one of the input parameters and/or at least some of the data when calculating the further data.
In one arrangement, the database means and the formula adjustment database each comprise a table.
Preferably, the output means comprises table generation means which produces a table comprising at least one row, each row corresponding to an object and containing the input parameters and the further data.
Preferably, the control data includes information as to whether a user is to be asked to enter data relating to the object.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for defining an object, comprising the steps of:
sequentially presenting a plurality of menus from which selections are made;
forming an index from at least one of the selections;
referencing a database using the index to obtain therefrom data relating to the object, some of said data being control data;
determining from said control data whether to reference a formula to calculate further data relating to the object, and if so, referencing said formula and calculating said further data; and
presenting at least one of the selections and/or at least some of the date and the further data, if any, as an output, wherein the output defines the object.
Preferably, the index is formed from a plurality of the selections.
Preferably, the method includes the step of referencing a formulae adjustment database to obtain therefrom an adjustment for said formula, which is utilised in calculating the further date.
Preferably, the method includes the step of comparing the further data with an actual value provided by a user, and on the basis of the comparison altering the adjustment corresponding to the object to reduce the difference between the further data and the actual value.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This invention will now be described with reference to one embodiment thereof and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a cost estimate engineering software package of the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a hierarchical relational definition system incorporated in the cost estimate engineering software package of the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the hierarchical relational definition system shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 shows the tree menu structure utilised in the hierarchical relational definition system of FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Whilst the invention is applicable to other areas, the embodiment is directed toward use in cost estimate engineering and the method of providing a cost estimate using the same. The embodiment is implemented as a software package executing on a computer.
The cost estimate engineering software package of the embodiment comprises a reference database 10, a bill of materials module 12, a direct cost estimate module 14, a direct cost historical database 18, a direct cost historical adjustment database 17, an indirect cost estimate module 18, an indirect cost historical database 20, an indirect cost historical adjustment database 21, an estimate summary 22 and a project cost control module 24, and a cost comparison means 25.
The bill of materials module 12 is formed as a hierarchical relational definition system 26 comprising an interface means 28, an indexing means 30, the reference database 10, a referencing means 32, a processing means 34 and an output means 36.
The interface means 28 presents a plurality of menus from which a user can make selections according to the material the user requires.
Cost estimate engineering usually involves estimating costs for a variety of different materials from a number of engineering disciplines. To accommodate this, there is more than one plurality of menus, each plurality being for each category of materials. In addition, the number of menus in each plurality of menus varies depending upon how many selections are required to uniquely identify the material. Thus, the number of menus will vary according to whether the type of required material is a piping material, an electrical engineering material or a structural engineering material.
Each of the plurality of menus has certain characteristics in common. Each plurality of menus has one or more menus in which the user's selections are used by the indexing means 30 to form the index. The number of such menus and the information presented in those menu varies from material category to category.
In addition, each plurality of menus may have a number of menus, that are not utilised by the indexing means 30 but which are required in order to uniquely identify the material for the purposes of the bill of materials and also for ordering purposes.
Whether or not a menu is used by the indexing means 30 depends upon whether the information provided in the menu influences the further data calculated by the processing means 34. In the embodiment, the further data is man-hours required to install the material. Consequently, menus which contain information that influence the man-hours required to install the material are used by the indexing means 30, whereas menus which contain information that does not affect the man-hours required to install the material, such as material finish, are not used by the indexing means 30.
In this regard, it should be appreciated that the information in the menus used by the indexing means 30 may or may not directly appear in the formula used to calculate the man-hours, but the information is necessary to uniquely identify the material and to form the index that is used to reference the date for that material, which data maybe utilised in the formula.
In the present embodiment, the menus are presented in a tree structure, so that the options presented to the user in the second menu depend upon the selection made in the first menu, and so forth.
Whilst it should be appreciated that menus for various categories of materials can be provided, in the present embodiment the menus presented are in respect of carbon steel piping to American standards and are shown in FIG. 4. The diagram in FIG. 4 is a tree diagram of the menu structure. Nine menu levels are shown, entitled Comp (component), Type joining type), Details (45.degree. elbow, t-piece, etc), STDS (the specific standard of manufacture), Grade, Finish, Rating, Schedule and Size. Of these menus, the selections made in the Comp, Details, Rating, Schedule and Size menus are used by the indexing means 30 to form the index.
Having selected carbon steel piping to American standards, a user is initially presented with the component menu M8 from which one of three options are selected. The numbers present in FIG. 4 are for illustrative purposes only, but in the actual embodiment, a user is presented with meaningful descriptions. A table of the descriptions presented to the user corresponding to each of the menu options for each menu in FIG. 4 is presented as a table below. For the sake of brevity, menus with numerous items have only some of the items shown in the table below. Where items have been omitted, elipses are shown in the table.
MENU SYSTEM CARBON STEEL TO
AMERICAN STANDARDS
Menu
Menu No. ITEM DESCRIPTION
NEXT MENU
M1-1 GROUP 1 1 C S (CARBON STEEL TO AMERICAN STD.)
M2 2
M1-2 GROUP 1 2 A S (ALLOY STEEL TO AMERICAN STD.)
M2
M1-3 GROUP 1 3 S S (STAINLESS STEEL TO AMERICAN
STD.) M2
M1-4 GROUP 1 4 S T (STEEL PIPE TO AUSTRALIAN STD.)
M2
M1-5 GROUP 1 5 D I (DUCTILE IRON PIPE)
M2
M1-6 GROUP 1 6 C U (COPPER PIPE)
M2
M1-7 GROUP 1 7 V P (VICTUALIC PIPE)
M2
M1-8 GROUP 1 8 P V (PLASTIC PIPE)
M2
M2-1 COMPONNT 2 A PIPE
CS3A1 3
M2-2 COMPONNT 2 B FITTINGS
CS3B1 28
M2-3 COMPONNT 2 C FLANGES
CS3C1 236
M2-4 COMPONNT 2 D VALVES
CS3D1
M2-5 COMPONNT 2 E BOLTS
CS3E1 398
M2-6 COMPONNT 2 F GASKETS
CS3F1 527
M2-7 COMPONNT 2 G SPECIALS
CS3G1
M2-8 COMPONNT 2 H SUPPORTS
CS3H1
CS3A1 TYPE 3 1 BEVELLED ENDS
CS4A1 4
3 2 PLAIN ENDS
CS4A1 4
CS4A1 DETAILS 4 1 SEAMLESS
CS5A1 5
4 2 ELECTRIC RESISTANT WELDED
CS5A2 6
4 3 DOUBLE SUBMERGED ARC WELDED
CS5A3 7
4 4 BUTT WELDED
CS5A4 7
CS5A1 STD.(DIM.) 5 1 ANSI B36.10
CS6A1 8
CS5A2 STD.(DIM.) 6 1 ANSI B36.10
CS6A2 9
CS5A3 STD.(DIM.) 7 1 ANSI B36.10
CS6A3 10
CS6A1 STD.(MAT.) 8 1 API 5L
CS7A1 11
8 2 ASTM A105
CS7A1 11
8 3 ASTM A53
CS7A2 12
8 4 ASTM A333 (LOW TEMP.)
CS7A3 13
CS6A2 STD.(MAT.) 9 1 API 5L
CS7A1 11
9 2 ASTM A53
CS7A2 12
9 3 ASTM A333
CS7A3 13
CS6A3 STD.(MAT.) 10 1 API 5L
CS7A1 11
10 2 ASTM A53
CS7A2 12
CS7A1 GRADES 11 1 GRADE A
CS8A1 14
11 2 GRADE B
CS8A1 14
CS7A2 GRADES 12 1 GRADE A
CS8A2 15
12 2 GRADE B
CS8A2 15
CS7A3 GRADES 13 1 GRADE 6
CS8A1 14
CS8A1 FINISH 14 1 BLACK
CS9AN1 16
CS8A2 FINISH 15 1 BLACK
CS9AN1 16
15 2 GALVANISED
CS9AN1 16
CS9AN1 16 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10A1 17
CS10A1 SCHEDULE 17 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11A 18
17 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11A 18
17 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11B 19
17 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11C 20
17 5 SCHEDULE 20
CS11D 21
17 6 SCHEDULE 30
CS11E 22
17 7 SCHEDULE 40
CS11F 23
17 8 SCHEDULE 60
CS11G 24
17 9 SCHEDULE 80
CS11H 25
17 10 SCHEDULE 100
CS11G 24
17 11 SCHEDULE 120
CS11I 26
17 12 SCHEDULE 140
CS11G 24
17 13 SCHEDULE 160.
CS11J 27
CS11A SIZES 18 1 6
18 2 8
18 3 10
18 4 15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
18 30 900
18 31 1050
CS11J SIZES 27 1 15
27 2 20
27 3 25
27 4 32
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
27 19 550
27 20 600
CS3B1 TYPE 28 1 BUTT WELDED
CS4B1 29
28 2 HIGH PRESSURE SCREWED
CS4B2 30
28 3 HIGH PRESSURE SOCKET WELD
CS4B3 31
28 4 HIGH PRESSURE UNIONS
CS4B4 32
28 5 HIGH PRESSURE REDUCER INSERTS
CS4B5 33
28 6 HIGH PRESSURE TUBULARS
CS4B6 34
28 7 OUTLET FITTINGS
CS4B7 35
CS4B1 DETAILS 29 1 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE LONG RADIUS
CS5B1 36
29 2 ELBOWS 45 DEGREE LONG RADIUS
CS5B1 36
29 3 TEES EQUEL
CS5B1 36
29 4 RETURNS 180 DEGREE LONG RADIUS
CS5B1 36
29 5 CAPS
CS5B2 37
29 6 TEES REDUCING
CS5B3 38
29 7 REDUCERS CONCENTRIC
CS5B3 38
29 8 REDUCERS ECCENTRIC
CS5B3 38
29 9 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE SHORT RADIUS
CS5B4 39
29 10 RETURNS 180 DEGREE SHORT RADIUS
CS5B4 39
CS4B2 DETAILS 30 1 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE
CS5B5 40
30 2 ELBOWS 45 DEGREE
CS5B5 40
30 3 TEES EQUEL
CS5B5 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
30 12 TEES REDUCING
CS5B8 43
CS4B3 DETAILS 31 1 ELBOWS 90 DEGREE
CS5B9 44
31 2 ELBOWS 45 DEGREE
CS5B9 44
31 3 TEES EQUEL
CS5B9 44
31 4 CROSSES
CS5B9 44
31 5 COUPLINGS FULL
CS5B9 44
31 6 COUPLINGS HALF
CS5B9 44
31 7 CAPS
CS5B9 44
31 8 TEES REDUCING
CS5B10 45
CS4B4 DETAILS 32 1 UNIONS SCREWS
CS5B11 46
32 2 UNIONS SOCKET WELD
CS5B11 46
CS4B5 DETAILS 33 1 REDUCER INSERTS TYPE 1
CS5B12 47
33 2 REDUCER INSERTS TYPE 2
CS5B12 47
CS4B6 DETAILS 34 1 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LESC/SESC
CS5B13 48
34 1 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LESC/SEPE
CS5B13 48
34 1 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LESC/SEBE
CS5B13 48
34 1 SWAGE NIPPLES CONCENTRIC LEPE/SESC
CS5B13 48
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
34 23 PIPE NIPPLES PE/BE
CS5B14 49
34 24 PIPE NIPPLES BE/BE
CS5B14 49
CS4B7 DETAILS 35 1 WELDOLETS
CS5B15 50
35 2 LATROLETS BUTT WELD
CS5B16 51
35 3 ELBOLETS BUTT WELDS
CS5B16 51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
35 11 NIPOLETS PLAIN END
CS5B20 55
CS5B1 STD.(DIAM.) 36 1 ANSI B16.9 (TO 600 DIA.)
CS6B1 56
36 2 MSS-SP48 (ABOVE 600 DIA.)
CS6B2 57
CS5B2 STD.(DIAM.) 37 1 ANSI B16.9 (TO 600 DIA.)
CS6B3 58
37 2 MSS-SP48 (ABOVE 600 DIA.)
CS6B4 59
CS5B3 STD.(DIAM.) 38 1 ANSI B16.9 (TO 600 DIA.)
CS6B5 60
38 2 MSS-SP48 (ABOVE 600 DIA.)
CS6B6 61
CS5B4 STD.(DIAM.) 39 1 ANSI B16.28
CS6B7 62
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS5B19 STD.(DIAM.) 54 1 ANSI B16.11
CS6B22 77
CS5B20 STD.(DIAM.) 55 1 ANSI B16.11
CS6B23 78
CS6B1 STD.(MAT.) 56 1 ASTM A234
CS7B1 79
56 2 ASTM A420 (LOW TEMP.)
CS7B2 80
CS6B2 STD.(MAT.) 57 1 ASTM A234
CS7B3 81
57 2 ASTM A420 (LOW TEMP.)
CS7B4 82
CS6B3 STD.(MAT.) 58 1 ASTM A234
CS7B5 83
58 2 ASTM A420 (LOW TEMP.)
CS7B6 84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS6B23 STD.(MAT.) 78 1 ASTM A105
CS7BN8 120
78 2 ASTM A350 (LOW TEMP.)
CS7B35 121
CS7B1 GRADES 79 1 WPA
CS8B1 122
79 2 WPB
CS8B1 122
CS7B2 GRADES 80 1 WPL6
CS8B1 122
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS7B35 GRADES 121 1 LF3
CS8B23 144
CS8B1 FINISH 122 1 BLACK
CS9BN1 145
CS8B2 FINISH 123 1 BLACK
CS9BN2 146
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS8B8 FINISH 129 1 BLACK
CS9B1 152
129 2 GALVANISED
CS9B1 152
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS8B23 FINISH 144 1 BLACK
CS9B12 167
CS9BN1 145 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B1 168
CS9BN2 146 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B2 169
CS9BN3 147 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B3 170
CS9BN4 148 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B4 171
CS9BN5 149 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B5 172
CS9BN6 150 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B6 173
CS9BN7 151 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS10B7 174
CS9B1 RATING 152 1 2000#
CS10BN1 175
152 2 3000#
CS10BN1 175
152 3 6000#
CS10BN1 175
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS9B12 RATING 167 1 3000#
CS10BN17 195
167 2 6000#
CS10BN17 195
CS10B1 SCHEDULE 168 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11K 196
168 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11K 196
168 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11L 197
168 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11M 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
168 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11Q 201
CS10B2 SCHEDULE 169 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11R 202
169 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11R 202
169 3 SCHEDULE 10
CS11R 202
169 4 SCHEDULE 20
CS11R 202
169 5 SCHEDULE 30
CS11R 202
169 6 SCHEDULE 40
CS11S 203
CS10B3 SCHEDULE 170 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11K 196
170 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11K 196
CS10B4 SCHEDULE 171 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11R 202
171 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11R 202
CS10B5 SCHEDULE 172 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11U 204
172 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11U 204
172 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11V 205
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
172 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11Z 209
CS10B6 SCHEDULE 173 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11AA 210
173 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11AA 210
173 3 SCHEDULE 10
CS11AA 210
173 4 SCHEDULE 20
CS11AA 210
173 5 SCHEDULE 30
CS11AA 210
173 6 SCHEDULE 40
CS11AB 211
CS10B7 SCHEDULE 174 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11AC 212
174 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11AC 212
174 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11AD 213
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
174 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11AH 217
CS10BN1 175 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AI 218
CS10BN2 176 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AI 219
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS10BN10 184 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AP 225
CS10BN11 185 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AQ 226
CS10B8 SCHEDULE 186 1 SCHEDULE 80
CS11AM 222
186 2 SCHEDULE 160
CS11AM 222
CS10B9 SCHEDULE 187 1 SCHEDULE 80
CS11AR 227
187 2 SCHEDULE 160
CS11AS 228
CS10B10 SCHEDULE 188 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11AT 229
188 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11AU 230
CA10B11 SCHEDULE 189 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11AV 231
189 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11AV 231
CS10BN12 190 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AW 232
CS10BN13 191 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AX 233
CS10BN14 192 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AW 232
CS10BN15 193 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AY 234
CS10BN16 194 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AV 231
CS10BN17 195 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11AZ 235
CS11K SIZES 196 1 15
196 2 20
196 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
196 20 600
CS11L SIZES 197 1 15
197 2 20
197 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
197 15 300
CS11M SIZES 198 1 350
198 2 400
198 3 450
198 4 500
198 5 600
CS11N SIZES 199 1 200
199 2 250
199 3 300
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
199 8 600
CS11P SIZES 200 1 100
200 2 125
200 3 150
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
200 11 600
CS11Q SIZES 201 1 15
201 2 20
201 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
201 19 600
CS11R SIZES 202 1 750
202 2 900
CS11S SIZES 203 1 900
CS11U SIZES 204 1 20 .times. 15
204 2 25 .times. 20
204 3 25 .times. 15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
204 80 600 .times. 250
CS11V SIZES 205 1 20 .times. 15
205 2 25 .times. 20
205 3 25 .times. 15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
205 49 300 .times. 250
CS11W SIZES 206 1 400 .times. 350
206 2 450 .times. 400
206 3 450 .times. 350
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
206 10 600 .times. 350
CS11X SIZES 207 1 250 .times. 200
207 2 300 .times. 250
207 3 300 .times. 200
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
207 26 600 .times. 300
207 27 600 .times. 250
CS11Y SIZES 208 1 125 .times. 100
208 2 150 .times. 125
208 3 150 .times. 100
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
208 40 600 .times. 250
CS11Z SIZES 209 1 20 .times. 15
209 2 25 .times. 20
209 3 25 .times. 15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
209 72 600 .times. 250
CS11AA SIZES 210 1 750 .times. 600
210 2 750 .times. 500
210 3 750 .times. 450
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
210 8 900 .times. 450
CS11AB SIZES 211 1 900 .times. 600
211 2 900 .times. 500
211 3 900 .times. 450
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS11AZ SIZES 235 1 15
235 2 20
235 3 25
235 4 32
235 5 40
235 6 50
CS3C1 TYPE 236 1 STANDARD
CS4C1 237
236 2 LARGE BORE
CS4C2 238
236 3 ORIFICE
CS4C3 239
236 4 BLINDS
CS4C4 240
CS4C1 DETAILS 237 1 SLIP ON
CS5C1 241
237 2 SCREWED
CS5C1 241
237 3 LAPPED
CS5C1 241
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
237 10 SOCKET WELD
CS5C7 247
CS4C2 DETAILS 238 1 BLIND
CS5C8 248
238 2 BLIND RING JOINT
CS5C9 249
238 3 SLIP ON
CS5C10 250
238 4 WELD NECK
CS5C11 251
238 5 WELD NECK RING JOINT
CS5C12 252
CS4C3 DETAILS 239 1 SLIP ON
CS5C13 253
239 2 SLIP ON RING JOINT
CS5C13 253
239 3 WELD NECK
CS5C14 254
239 4 WELD NECK RING JOINT
CS5C14 254
CS4C4 DETAILS 240 1 SPECTACLE BLIND
CS5C15 255
240 2 PADDLE BLIND
CS5C16 256
240 3 RING SPACER
CS5C16 256
CS5C1 STD.(DIM.) 241 1 ANSI B16.5
CS6C1 257
CS5C2 STD.(DIM.) 242 1 ANSI B16.5
CS6C2 258
CS5C3 STD.(DIM.) 243 1 ANSI B16.5
CS6C3 259
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS5C16 STD.(DIM.) 256 1 ANSI B16.5
CS618 274
CS6C1 STD.(MAT.) 257 1 ASTM A105
CS7CN1 275
257 2 ASTM A360(LT)
CS7C1 276
CS6C2 STD.(MAT.) 258 1 ASTM A105
CS7CN2 277
258 2 ASTM A350(LT)
CS7C2 278
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS6C18 STD.(MAT.) 274 1 ASTM A105
CS7CN18 308
CS7CN1 275 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8C1 309
CS7C1 GRADES 276 1 LF1
CS8C1 309
276 2 LF2
CS8C1 309
276 3 LF2
CS8C1 309
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS7CN18 308 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8C18 326
CS8C1 FINISH 309 1 BLACK
CS9C1 327
CS8C2 FINISH 310 1 BLACK
CS9C2 328
CS8C3 FINISH 311 1 BLACK
CS9C3 329
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS8C18 FINISH 326 1 BLACK
CS9C18 344
CS9C1 RATING 327 1 CLASS 150
CS10CN1 345
327 2 CLASS 300
CS10CN1 345
327 3 CLASS 600
CS10CN1 345
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS9C18 RATING 344 1 CLASS 150
CS10CN21 374
344 2 CLASS 300
CS10CN21 374
344 3 CLASS 600
CS10CN21 374
344 4 CLASS 900
CS10CN21 374
CS10CN1 345 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11K 196
CS10CN2 346 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11Q 201
CS10CN3 347 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BA 375
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS10CN14 358 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BA 375
CS10C1 SCHEDULE 359 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11K 196
359 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11K 196
359 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11L 197
359 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11M 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
359 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11Q 201
CS10C2 SCHEDULE 360 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BC 377
360 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BC 377
360 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BD 378
360 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11BC 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
360 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BC 377
CS10C3 SCHEDULE 361 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BA 375
361 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BA 375
361 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BA 375
361 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11M 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
361 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BA 375
CS10C4 SCHEDULE 362 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BG 381
362 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BG 381
362 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BH 382
362 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11M 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
362 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BI 383
CS10C5 SCHEDULE 363 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BJ 384
363 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BJ 384
363 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BJ 384
363 4 SCHEDULE 40
CS11BJ 384
363 5 SCHEDULE 80
CS11BJ 384
363 6 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BJ 384
CS10C6 SCHEDULE 364 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BK 385
364 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BK 385
364 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BK 385
364 4 SCHEDULE 40
CS11BK 385
364 5 SCHEDULE 80
CS11BK 385
364 6 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BK 385
CS10C7 SCHEDULE 365 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BL 386
365 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BL 386
365 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BL 386
365 4 SCHEDULE 40
CS11BL 386
365 5 SCHEDULE 80
CS11BL 386
365 6 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BL 386
CS10CN15 366 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BM 387
CS10CN16 367 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BM 387
CS10CN17 368 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BM 387
CS10C8 SCHEDULE 369 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BM 387
369 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BM 387
369 3 SCHEDULE 20
CS11BM 387
369 4 SCHEDULE 30
CS11BN 388
369 5 SCHEDULE 40
CS11BO 389
CS10CN18 370 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BP 390
CS10C9 SCHEDULE 371 1 STANDARD WEIGHT
CS11BP 390
371 2 EXTRA STRONG
CS11BP 390
371 3 DOUBLE EXTRA STRONG
CS11BQ 391
371 4 SCHEDULE 10
CS11M 198
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
371 13 SCHEDULE 160
CS11BP 390
CS10CN19 372 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BR 392
CS10CN20 373 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BS 393
CS10CN21 374 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BT 394
CS11BA SIZES 375 1 15
375 2 20
375 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
375 14 300
CS11BB SIZES 376 1 25
376 2 32
376 3 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
376 18 600
CS11BC SIZES 377 1 15
377 2 20
377 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
377 19 300
CS11BD SIZES 378 1 15
378 2 20
378 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
378 14 300
CS11BE SIZES 379 1 200
379 2 250
379 3 300
CS11BF SIZES 380 1 100
380 2 150
380 3 200
380 4 250
380 5 300
CS11BG SIZES 381 1 25
381 2 32
381 3 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
381 18 600
CS11BH SIZES 382 1 25
382 2 32
382 3 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
382 13 300
CS11BI 383 1 25
383 2 32
383 3 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
383 17 600
CS11BJ SIZES 384 1 25
384 2 32
384 3 40
384 4 50
384 5 65
384 6 80
CS11BK SIZES 385 1 15
385 2 20
385 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
385 8 80
CS11BL SIZES 386 1 15
386 2 20
386 3 25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
386 7 65
CS11BM SIZES 387 1 650
387 2 700
387 3 750
387 4 800
387 5 850
387 6 900
CS11BN SIZES 388 1 700
388 2 750
388 3 800
388 4 850
388 5 900
CS11BO SIZES 389 1 800
389 2 850
389 3 900
CS11BP SIZES 390 1 25
390 2 32
390 3 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
390 17 600
CS11BQ SIZES 391 1 25
391 2 32
391 3 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
391 12 300
CS11BR SIZES 392 1 25
392 2 40
392 3 50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
392 10 350
CS11BS SIZES 393 1 25
393 2 40
393 3 50
393 7 200
CS11BT SIZES 394 1 25
394 2 40
394 3 50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
394 14 600
CS3E1 TYPE 395 1 MACHINE BOLTS
CS4E1 396
395 2 STUD BOLTS
CS4E2 397
CS4E1 DETAILS 396 1 Mc.BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO ANSI
B16.5 CS5E1 398
396 2 Mc.BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO BS3293
CS5E2 399
396 3 Mc.BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO MSS-SP44
CS5E3 400
CS4E2 DETAILS 397 1 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO ANSI
B16.5 CS5E4
397 2 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO BS3293
CS5E5 402
397 3 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO
MSS-SP44 CS5E6
397 4 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO
ANSI B16.5 CS5E7
397 5 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO
BS3293 CS5E8
397 6 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO
MSS-SP44 CS5E9
397 7 STUD BOLT SETS FOR FLGS. TO ANSI
B16.36 CS5E10
397 8 STUD BOLT SETS (LT) FOR FLGS. TO
ANSI B16.36 CS5E11
CS5E1 STD. (DIM.) 398 1 ANSI B18.2
CS6E1 409
CS5E2 STD. (DIM.) 399 1 ANSI B18.2
CS6E2 410
CS5E3 STD. (DIM.) 400 1 ANSI B18.2
CS6E3 411
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS5E11 STD. (DIM.) 406 1 ANSI B18.2
CS6E11 419
CS6E1 STD. (MAT.) 409 1 ASTM A307
CS7EN1 420
CS6E2 STD. (MAT.) 410 1 ASTM A307
CS7EN2 421
CS6E3 STD. (MAT.) 411 1 ASTM A307
CS7EN3 422
CS6E4 STD. (MAT.) 412 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193
CS7E1 426
412 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194
CS7E2 424
CS6E5 STD. (MAT.) 413 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193
CS7E3 425
413 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194
CS7E4 426
CS6E6 STD. (MAT.) 414 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193
CS7E5 427
414 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194
CS7E6 428
CS6E7 STD. (MAT.) 415 1 STUDS TO ASTM A320
CS7E7 429
415 2 NUTS TO ASTM A320
CS7E8 430
CS6E8 STD. (MAT.) 416 1 STUDS TO ASTM A320
CS7E9 431
416 2 NUTS TO ASTM A320
CS7E10 432
CS6E9 STD. (MAT.) 417 1 STUDS TO ASTM A320
CS7E11 433
417 2 NUTS TO ASTM A320
CS7E12 434
CS6E10 STD. (MAT.) 418 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193
CS7E13 435
418 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194
CS7E14 436
CS6E11 STD. (MAT.) 419 1 STUDS TO ASTM A193
CS7E15 437
419 2 NUTS TO ASTM A194
CS7E16 438
CS7EN1 420 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8E1 439
CS7EN2 421 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8E2 440
CS7EN3 422 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8E3 441
CS7E1 GRADES 423 1 B7
CS8E4 442
CS7E2 GRADES 424 1 2H
CS8E4 442
CS7E3 GRADES 435 1 B7
CS8E5 443
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS7E16 GRADES 438 1 2H
CS8E7 445
CS8E1 FINISH 439 2 BLACK
CS9E1 446
CS8E2 FINISH 440 1 BLACK
CS9E2 447
CS8E3 FINISH 441 1 BLACK
CS9E3 448
CS8E4 FINISH 442 1 BLACK
CS9E4 449
CS8E5 FINISH 443 1 BLACK
CS9E5 450
CS8E6 FINISH 444 1 BLACK
CS9E6 451
CS8E7 FINISH 445 1 BLACK
CS9E7 452
CS9E1 FLG. RATING 446 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE
CS10EN1 453
446 2 CLASS 150 RING JOINT
CS10EN2 454
446 3 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN3 455
446 4 CLASS 300 RING JOINT
CS10EN4 456
CS9E2 FLG. RATING 447 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE
CS10EN5 457
447 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN6 458
447 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT
CS10EN7 459
CS9E3 FLG. RATING 448 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE
CS10EN8 460
448 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN9 461
448 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT
CS10EN10 462
CS9E4 FLG. RATING 449 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE
CS10EN11 463
449 2 CLASS 150 RING JOINT
CS10EN12 464
449 3 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN13 465
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
449 12 CLASS 2500 RING JOINT
CS10EN22 474
CS9E5 FLG. RATING 450 1 CLASS 160 RAISED FACE
CS10EN23 475
450 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN24 476
450 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT
CS10EN25 477
450 4 CLASS 600 RAISED FACE
CS10EN26 478
450 5 CLASS 800 RING JOINT
CS10EN27 479
CS9E6 FLG. RATING 451 1 CLASS 150 RAISED FACE
CS10EN28 480
451 2 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN29 481
451 3 CLASS 300 RING JOINT
CS10EN30 482
451 4 CLASS 600 RAISED FACE
CS10EN31 483
451 5 CLASS 600 RING JOINT
CS10EN32 484
451 6 CLASS 900 RAISED FACE
CS10EN33 485
CS9E7 FLG. RATING 452 1 CLASS 300 RAISED FACE
CS10EN34 486
452 2 CLASS 300 RING JOINT
CS10EN35 487
452 3 CLASS 600 RAISED FACE
CS10EN36 488
452 4 CLASS 600 RING JOINT
CS10EN37 489
CS10EN1 453 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BU 490
CS10EN2 454 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BV 491
CS10EN3 455 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BW 492
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS10EN37 489 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11DE 526
CS11BU FLG. SIZES 490 1 15
CS12BU1
490 2 20
CS12BU2
490 3 25
CS12BU3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
490 20 600
CS12BU20
CS11BV FLG. SIZES 491 1 25
CS12BV1
491 2 32
CS12BV2
491 3 40
CS12BV3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
491 18 600
CS12BV18
CS11BW FLG. SIZES 492 1 15
CS12BW1
492 2 20
CS12BW2
492 3 25
CS12BW3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
492 20 600
CS12BW20
CS11BX FLG. SIZES 493 1 15
CS12BX1
493 2 20
CS12BX2
493 3 25
CS12BX3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
493 20 600
CS12BX20
CS11BY FLG. SIZES 494 1 650
CS12BY1
494 2 700
CS12BY2
494 3 750
CS12BY3
494 4 800
CS12BY4
494 5 850
CS12BY5
494 6 900
CS12BY6
CS11BZ FLG. SIZES 495 1 650
CS12BZ1
495 2 700
CS12BZ2
495 3 750
CS12BZ3
495 4 800
CS12BZ4
495 5 850
CS12BZ5
495 6 900
CS12BZ6
CS11CA FLG. SIZES 496 1 650
CS12CA1
496 2 700
CS12CA2
496 3 750
CS12CA3
496 4 800
CS12CA4
496 5 850
CS12CA5
496 6 900
CS12CA6
CS11CB FLG. SIZES 497 1 650
CS12CB1
497 2 700
CS12CB2
497 3 750
CS12CB3
497 4 800
CS12CB4
497 5 850
CS12CB5
497 6 900
CS12CB6
CS11CC FLG. SIZES 498 1 650
CS12CC1
498 2 700
CS12CC2
498 3 750
CS12CC3
498 4 800
CS12CC4
498 5 850
CS12CC5
498 6 900
CS12CC6
CS11CD FLG. SIZES 499 1 650
CS12CD1
499 2 700
CS12CD2
499 3 750
CS12CD3
499 4 800
CS12CD4
499 5 850
CS12CD5
499 6 900
CS12CD6
CS11CE FLG. SIZES 500 1 15
CS12CE1
500 2 20
CS12CE2
500 3 25
CS12CE3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
500 20 600
CS12CE20
CS11CF FLG. SIZES 501 1 25
CS12CF1
501 2 32
CS12CF2
501 3 40
CS12CF3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
501 18 800
CS12CF18
CS11CG FLG. SIZES 502 1 15
CS12CG1
502 2 20
CS12CG2
502 3 25
CS12CG3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
502 20 600
CS12CG20
CS11CH FLG. SIZES 503 1 15
CS12CH1
503 2 20
CS12CH2
503 3 25
CS12CH3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
503 20 600
CS12CH20
CS11CI FLG. SIZES 504 1 15
CS12CI1
504 2 20
CS12CI2
504 3 25
CS12CI3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
504 20 600
CS12CI20
CS11CJ FLG. SIZES 505 1 15
CS12CJ1
505 2 20
CS12CJ2
505 3 25
CS12CJ3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
505 20 600
CS12CJ20
CS11CK FLG. SIZES 506 1 15
CS12CK1
506 2 20
CS12CK2
506 3 25
CS12CK3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
506 19 600
CS12CK19
CS11CL FLG. SIZES 507 1 15
CS12CL1
507 2 20
CS12CL2
507 3 25
CS12CL3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
507 19 600
CS12CL19
CS11CM FLG. SIZES 508 1 15
CS12CM1
508 2 20
CS12CM2
508 3 25
CS12CM3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
508 19 600
CS12CM19
CS11CN FLG. SIZES 509 1 15
CS12CN1
509 2 20
CS12CN2
509 3 25
CS12CN3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
509 19 600
CS12CN19
CS11CO FLG. SIZES 510 1 15
CS12CO1
510 2 20
CS12CO2
510 3 25
CS12CO3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
510 14 300
CS12CO14
CS11CP FLG. SIZES 511 1 15
CS12CP1
511 2 20
CS12CP2
511 3 25
CS12CP3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
511 14 300
CS12CP14
CS11CQ FLG. SIZES 512 1 650
CS12CQ1
512 2 700
CS12CQ2
512 3 750
CS12CQ3
512 4 800
CS12CQ4
512 5 850
CS12CQ5
512 6 900
CS12CQ6
CS11CR FLG. SIZES 513 1 650
CS12CR1
513 2 700
CS12CR2
513 3 750
CS12CR3
513 4 800
CS12CR4
513 5 850
CS12CR5
513 6 900
CS12CR6
CS11CS FLG. SIZES 514 1 650
CS12CS1
514 2 700
CS12CS2
514 3 750
CS12CS3
514 4 800
CS12CS4
514 5 850
CS12CS5
514 6 900
CS12CS6
CS11CT FLG. SIZES 515 1 650
CS12CT1
515 2 700
CS12CT2
515 3 750
CS12CT3
515 4 800
CS12CT4
515 5 850
CS12CT5
515 6 900
CS12CT6
CS11CU FLG. SIZES 516 1 650
CS12CU1
516 2 700
CS12CU2
516 3 750
CS12CU3
516 4 800
CS12CU4
516 5 850
CS12CU5
516 6 900
CS12CU6
CS11CV FLG. SIZES 517 1 650
CS12CV1
517 2 700
CS12CV2
517 3 750
CS12CV3
517 4 800
CS12CV4
517 5 850
CS12CV5
517 6 900
CS12CV6
CS11CW FLG. SIZES 518 1 650
CS12CW1
518 2 700
CS12CW2
518 3 750
CS12CW3
518 4 800
CS12CW4
518 5 850
CS12CW5
518 6 900
CS12CW6
CS11CX FLG. SIZES 519 1 650
CS12CX1
519 2 700
CS12CX2
519 3 750
CS12CX3
519 4 800
CS12CX4
519 5 850
CS12CX5
519 6 900
CS12CX6
CS11CY FLG. SIZES 520 1 650
CS12CY1
520 2 700
CS12CY2
520 3 750
CS12CY3
520 4 800
CS12CY4
520 5 850
CS12CY5
520 6 900
CS12CY6
CS11CZ FLG. SIZES 521 1 650
CS12CZ1
521 2 700
CS12CZ2
521 3 750
CS12CZ3
521 4 800
CS12CZ4
521 5 850
CS12CZ5
521 6 900
CS12CZ6
CS11DA FLG. SIZES 522 1 650
CS12DA1
522 2 700
CS12DA2
522 3 750
CS12DA3
522 4 800
CS12DA4
522 5 850
CS12DA5
522 6 900
CS12DA6
CS11DB FLG. SIZES 523 1 25
CS12DB1
523 2 32
CS12DB2
523 3 40
CS12DB3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
523 17 600
CS12DB17
CS11DC FLG. SIZES 524 1 25
CS12DC1
524 2 32
CS12DC2
524 3 40
CS12DC3
524 4 50
CS12DC4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
524 16 500
CS12DC16
524 17 600
CS12DC17
CS11DD FLG. SIZES 525 1 25
CS12DD1
525 2 32
CS12DD2
525 3 40
CS12DD3
525 4 50
CS12DD4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
525 16 500
CS12DD16
525 17 600
CS12DD17
CS11DE FLG. SIZES 526 1 25
CS12DE1
526 2 32
CS12DE2
526 3 40
CS12DE3
526 4 50
CS12DE4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
526 16 500
CS12DE16
526 17 600
CS12DE17
CS12BU1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 45 mm LG
CS12BU2 2 1/2 DIA. .times. 50 mm LG
CS12BU3 3 1/2 DIA. .times. 56 mm LG
CS12BU4 4 1/2 DIA. .times. 55 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12BU19 19 1-1/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12BU20 20 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 145 mm LG
CS12BV1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 70 mm LG
CS12BV2 2 1/2 DIA. .times. 70 mm LG
CS12BV3 3 1/2 DIA. .times. 75 mm LG
CS12BV4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 80 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12BV17 17 1-1/8 DIA. .times. 150 mm LG
CS12BV18 18 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 160 mm LG
CS12BW1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 55 mm LG
CS12BW2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 60 mm LG
CS12BW3 3 5/8 DIA. .times. 65 mm LG
CS12BW4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 65 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12BW19 19 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 180 mm LG
CS12BW20 20 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 195 mm LG
CS12BX1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 70 mm LG
CS12BX2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 75 mm LG
CS12BX3 3 5/8 DIA. .times. 80 mm LG
CS12BX4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 80 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12BX19 19 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 205 mm LG
CS12BX20 20 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 220 mm LG
CS12BY1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 145 mm LG
CS12BY2 2 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 150 mm LG
CS12BY3 3 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 160 mm LG
CS12BY4 4 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 165 mm LG
CS12BY5 5 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 170 mm LG
CS12BY6 6 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 180 mm LG
CS12BZ1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 210 mm LG
CS12BZ2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 225 mm LG
CS12BZ3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 250 mm LG
CS12BZ4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 255 mm LG
CS12BZ5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 260 mm LG
CS12BZ6 6 2 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CA1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 240 mm LG
CS12CA2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 255 mm LG
CS12CA3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CA4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 290 mm LG
CS12CA5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 295 mm LG
CS12CA6 6 2 DIA. .times. 315 mm LG
CS12CB1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 180 mm LG
CS12CB2 2 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 185 mm LG
CS12CB3 3 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 195 mm LG
CS12CB4 4 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 210 mm LG
CS12CB5 5 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 215 mm LG
CS12CB6 6 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 230 mm LG
CS12CC1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 210 mm LG
CS12CC2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 225 mm LG
CS12CC3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 250 mm LG
CS12CC4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 255 mm LG
CS12CC5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 260 mm LG
CS12CC6 6 2 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CD1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 240 mm LG
CS12CD2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 255 mm LG
CS12CD3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CD4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 290 mm LG
CS12CD5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 295 mm LG
CS12CD6 6 2 DIA. .times. 315 mm LG
CS12CE1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 60 mm LG
CS12CE2 2 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 65 mm LG
CS12CE3 3 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 65 mm LG
CS12CE4 4 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 70 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CE19 19 1-1/8 DIA. .times. 160 mm LG
CS12CE20 20 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 170 mm LG
CS12CF1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 80 mm LG
CS12CF2 2 1/2 DIA. .times. 85 mm LG
CS12CF3 3 1/2 DIA. .times. 85 mm LG
CS12CF4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 100 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CF17 17 1-1/8 DIA. .times. 175 mm LG
CS12CF18 18 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 185 mm LG
CS12CG1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 65 mm LG
CS12CG2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 75 mm LG
CS12CG3 3 5/8 DIA. .times. 75 mm LG
CS12CG4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 85 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CG19 19 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 205 mm LG
CS12CG20 20 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 230 mm LG
CS12CH1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 80 mm LG
CS12CH2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 90 mm LG
CS12CH3 3 5/8 DIA. .times. 90 mm LG
CS12CH4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 100 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CH19 19 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 230 mm LG
CS12CH20 20 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 255 mm LG
CS12CI1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 75 mm LG
CS12CI2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 90 mm LG
CS12CI3 3 5/8 DIA. .times. 90 mm LG
CS12CI4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 95 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CI19 19 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 285 mm LG
CS12CI20 20 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 330 mm LG
CS12CJ1 BOLT SIZES 1 1/2 DIA. .times. 80 mm LG
CS12CJ2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 95 mm LG
CS12CJ3 3 5/8 DIA. .times. 95 mm LG
CS12J4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 100 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12J19 19 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 300 mm LG
CS12J20 20 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 345 mm LG
CS12CK1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA. .times. 110 mm LG
CS12CK2 2 3/4 DIA. .times. 115 mm LG
CS12CK3 3 7/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
CS12CK4 4 7/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CK18 18 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 350 mm LG
CS12CK19 19 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 440 mm LG
CS12CL1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA. .times. 115 mm LG
CS12CL2 2 3/4 DIA. .times. 120 mm LG
CS12CL3 3 7/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12CL4 4 7/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CL18 18 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 370 mm LG
CS12CL19 19 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 470 mm LG
CS12CM1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA. .times. 110 mm LG
CS12CM2 2 3/4 DIA. .times. 115 mm LG
CS12CM3 3 7/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
CS12CM4 4 7/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CM18 18 3 DIA. .times. 540 mm LG
CS12CM19 19 3-1/2 DIA. .times. 815 mm LG
CS12CN1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA. .times. 115 mm LG
CS12CN2 2 3/4 DIA. .times. 120 mm LG
CS12CN3 3 7/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12CN4 4 7/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CN18 18 3 DIA. .times. 575 mm LG
CS12CN19 19 3-1/2 DIA. .times. 660 mm LG
CS12CO1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA. .times. 120 mm LG
CS12CO2 2 3/4 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
CS12CO3 3 7/8 DIA. .times. 140 mm LG
CS12CO4 4 1 DIA. .times. 155 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CO18 18 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 490 mm LG
CS12CO19 19 2-3/4 DIA. .times. 540 mm LG
CS12CP1 BOLT SIZES 1 3/4 DIA. .times. 125 mm LG
CS12CP2 2 3/4 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12CP3 3 7/8 DIA. .times. 145 mm LG
CS12CP4 4 1 DIA. .times. 165 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12CP13 13 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 525 mm LG
CS12CP14 14 2-3/4 DIA. .times. 575 mm LG
CS12CQ1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 170 mm LG
CS12CQ2 2 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 180 mm LG
CS12CQ3 3 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 180 mm LG
CS12CQ4 4 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 200 mm LG
CS12CQ5 5 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 205 mm LG
CS12CQ6 6 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 205 mm LG
CS12CR1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 250 mm LG
CS12CR2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 260 mm LG
CS12CR3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CR4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 300 mm LG
CS12CR5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 305 mm LG
CS12CR6 6 2 DIA. .times. 320 mm LG
CS12CS1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CS2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 290 mm LG
CS12CS3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 310 mm LG
CS12CS4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 335 mm LG
CS12CS5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 340 mm LG
CS12CS6 6 2 DIA. .times. 355 mm LG
CS12CT1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 330 mm LG
CS12CT2 2 2 DIA. .times. 345 mm LG
CS12CT3 3 2 DIA. .times. 350 mm LG
CS12CT4 4 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 370 mm LG
CS12CT5 5 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 375 mm LG
CS12CT6 6 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 395 mm LG
CS12CU1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 350 mm LG
CS12CU2 2 2 DIA. .times. 365 mm LG
CS12CU3 3 2 DIA. .times. 370 mm LG
CS12CU4 4 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 395 mm LG
CS12CU5 5 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 400 mm LG
CS12CU6 6 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 420 mm LG
CS12CV1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 205 mm LG
CS12CV2 2 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 220 mm LG
CS12CV3 3 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 225 mm LG
CS12CV4 4 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 250 mm LG
CS12CV5 5 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 255 mm LG
CS12CV6 6 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 265 mm LG
CS12CW1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 250 mm LG
CS12CW2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CW3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CW4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 300 mm LG
CS12CW5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 305 mm LG
CS12CW6 6 2 DIA. .times. 320 mm LG
CS12CX1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 280 mm LG
CS12CX2 2 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 290 mm LG
CS12CX3 3 1-3/4 DIA. .times. 310 mm LG
CS12CX4 4 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 335 mm LG
CS12CX5 5 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 340 mm LG
CS12CX6 6 2 DIA. .times. 355 mm LG
CS12CY1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 330 mm LG
CS12CY2 2 2 DIA. .times. 345 mm LG
CS12CY3 3 2 DIA. .times. 350 mm LG
CS12CY4 4 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 370 mm LG
CS12CY5 5 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 375 mm LG
CS12CY6 6 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 395 mm LG
CS12CZ1 BOLT SIZES 1 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 350 mm LG
CS12CZ2 2 2 DIA. .times. 365 mm LG
CS12CZ3 3 2 DIA. .times. 370 mm LG
CS12CZ4 4 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 395 mm LG
CS12CZ5 5 2-1/4 DIA. .times. 400 mm LG
CS12CZ6 6 2-1/2 DIA. .times. 420 mm LG
CS12DA1 BOLT SIZES 1 2-3/4 DIA. .times. 450 mm LG
CS12DA2 2 3 DIA. .times. 470 mm LG
CS12DA3 3 3 DIA. .times. 480 mm LG
CS12DA4 4 3-1/4 DIA. .times. 500 mm LG
CS12DA5 5 3-1/2 DIA. .times. 525 mm LG
CS12DA6 6 3-1/2 DIA. .times. 540 mm LG
CS12DB1 BOLT SIZES 1 5/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
CS12DB2 2 5/8 DIA. .times.
130 mm LG
CS12DB3 3 3/4 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12DB4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12DB16 16 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 215 mm LG
CS12DB17 17 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 245 mm LG
CS12DC1 BOLT SIZES 1 5/8 DIA. .times. 145 mm LG
CS12DC2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 145 mm LG
CS12DC3 3 3/4 DIA. .times. 150 mm LG
CS12DC4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 150 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12DC16 16 1-1/4 DIA. .times. 240 mm LG
CS12DC17 17 1-1/2 DIA. .times. 270 mm LG
CS12DD1 BOLT SIZES 1 5/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
CS12DD2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
CS12DD3 3 3/4 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12DC4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 130 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12DD16 16 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 300 mm LG
CS12DD17 17 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 340 mm LG
CS12DE1 BOLT SIZES 1 5/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12DE2 2 5/8 DIA. .times. 135 mm LG
CS12DE3 3 3/4 DIA. .times. 140 mm LG
CS12DC4 4 5/8 DIA. .times. 140 mm LG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS12DE16 16 1-5/8 DIA. .times. 315 mm LG
CS12DE17 17 1-7/8 DIA. .times. 355 mm LG
CS3F1 TYPE 527 1 COMPRESSED FIBRE
CS4F1 528
527 2 SPIRAL WOUND
CS4F2 529
527 3 METAL RING JOINT
CS4F3 530
527 4 INSULATING SETS
CS4F4 531
CS4F1 DETAILS 528 1 KLINGER SIL C4210 FULL FACE
CS5FN1 532
528 2 KLINGER SIL C4400 FULL FACE
CSFFN1 532
528 3 KLINGER SIL C4430 FULL FACE
CS5FN1 532
528 4 KLINGER SIL C4500 FULL FACE
CS5FN1 532
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
528 11 KLINGER SIL C6327 RING JOINT
CS5FN1 532
528 12 KLINGER SIL C8200 RING JOINT
CS5FN1 532
CS4F2 DETAILS 529 1 TYPE CR & CRIR FOR FLGS. TO ANSI
B16.5 CS5FN2
529 2 TYPE CR & CRIR FOR FLGS. TO
MSS-SP44 CS5FN3
529 3 TYPE CR & CRIR FOR FLGS. TO BS3293
CS5FN4 535
CS4F3 DETAIL5 530 1 RTJ TYPE R (OVAL) FOR FLGS. TO 600
DIA. CS5FN5
530 2 RTJ TYPE R (OCTAGONAL) FLGS. TO 600
DIA. CS5FN5
530 3 RTJ TYPE R (OVAL) FLGS. ABOVE 600
DIA. CS5FN6
530 4 RTJ TYPE R (OCTAGONAL) FLGS. ABOVE
600 DIA. CS5FN6
CS4F4 DETAILS 531 1 TYPE E FULL FACE
CS5FN7 538
531 2 TYPE F RAISED FACE
CS5FN7 538
531 3 TYPE D RING GROOVE
CS5FN7 538
CS5FN1 532 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN1 539
CS5FN2 533 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN2 540
CS5FN3 534 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN3 541
CS5FN4 535 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN4 542
CS5FN5 536 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN5 543
CS5FN6 537 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN6 544
CS5FN7 538 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS6FN7 545
CS6FN1 539 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN1 546
CS6FN2 540 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN2 547
CS6FN3 541 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN3 548
CS6FN4 542 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN4 549
CS6FN5 543 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN5 550
CS6FN6 544 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN6 551
CS6FN7 545 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS7FN7 552
CS7FN1 546 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN1 553
CS7FN2 547 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN2 554
CS7FN3 548 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN3 555
CS7FN4 549 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN4 556
CS7FN5 550 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN5 557
CS7FN6 551 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN6 558
CS7FN7 552 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS8FN7 559
CS8FN1 553 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F1 560
CS8FN2 554 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F2 561
CS8FN3 555 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F3 562
CS8FN4 556 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F4 563
CS8FN5 557 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F5 564
CS8FN6 558 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F6 565
CS8FN7 559 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS9F7 566
CS9F1 RATING 560 1 CLASS 150
CS10FN1 567
560 2 CLASS 300
CS10FN1 567
560 3 CLASS 600
CS10FN1 567
560 4 CLASS 900
CS10FN1 567
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
CS9F7 RATING 566 1 CLASS 150
CS10FN1 567
566 2 CLASS 300
CS10FN1 567
566 3 CLASS 600
CS10FN1 567
566 4 CLASS 900
CS10FN1 567
566 5 CLASS 1500
CS10FN3 569
566 6 CLASS 2500
CS10FN4 570
CS10FN1 567 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11DF 572
CS10FN2 568 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11K 198
CS10FN3 569 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11Q 201
CS10FN4 570 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BA 375
CS10FN5 571 1 NOT APPLICABLE
CS11BM 387
CS11DF SIZES 572 1 15
572 2 20
572 3 30
572 4 40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
572 24 850
572 25 900
If a user selects item number 2 (Fittings) from the component menu M2 the user is then presented with type menu CS3B1 from which they are required to select one of the four items. Depending upon which of the four items the user selects, they are then presented with details menu CS4B1, CS4B2, CS4B3 or CS4B4, and so forth. When a user has selected an item from the Size menu, the selection process for that material is complete.
In order to simplify the selection process, where a menu contains only one menu item, such as menu CS5A1, the selection of the single item is made automatically and the next menu is presented to the user.
The items selected in each of the menus are passed to the output means 36.
Whilst the selections made by the user from the menus are sufficient to uniquely identify the material, the number of man-hours required to install the material is predominantly dependent upon the volume and weight of the material, which has not been selected in the menus. However, for each material, the weight and volume are constant and are stored are stored as data in the reference database 10.
The indexing means 30 forms an index for the material based upon the selection made in each component menu M2, detail menu, the rating menu, the schedule menu and the size menu. In this manner, a unique index is formed by simple concatenation of the menu number, e.g. M2, CS4B1 etc and the menu item that is selected from within that menu.
The index is output to the reference means 32 which utilises the index in referencing the reference database 10. The reference database 10 includes weight data, volume data, other data (to be described below) and also includes control data. The data referenced in the reference database 10 are passed to the processing means 34.
The processing means 34 receives the data and depending upon the instruction contained in the control data, processes the data in one of the several ways.
One of the instructions that the control data can include is that the other data in the reference database 10 represents the man-hours required to install the material. This is useful if, because of the nature of the material, the man-hours required to install the material is largely independent of factors such as the height to which the material is to be installed. The processing means 34 responds to this instruction by simply passing the data from the reference database 10, including the man-hours, onto the output means 36.
Alternatively, the control data can include an instruction that the other data in the reference database 10 represents a further index to a formula used to calculate the man-hours required to install the material. In the event of such an instruction, the processing means 34 references the formula from a formulae database 42 using the further index.
In addition, the processing means 34 references a formula adjustment database 44 using the further index. The formula adjustment database 44 contains an adjustment of the formula contained in the formula database 42, which adjustment is provided to make the calculation of the man-hours more accurate based upon past discrepancies between estimates of man-hours and actual man-hour values. Whether or not the processing means 34 references the formula adjustment table 44 is an option selectable by the user.
The processing means 34 calculates, from the formula, the data from the reference database 10 and from any formula adjustment, the man-hours required to install the material and outputs the same and the data from the reference database to the output means 36. The formula for installing different types of materials varies, in terms of whether the relationship between weight, volume and man-hours is linear, exponential or logarithmic and also in terms of whether any constants, such as the slope of the linear relationship, changes. In the case of one type of material the man-hours required to install a material is dependent predominantly upon volume; in another case it is dependent entirely upon volume; in a further case it is dependent entirely upon weight; and in a further case still, it is dependent on a combination of both.
Once the man-hours have been calculated, the processing means 34 outputs the data from the reference database 10 and the man-hours to the output means 36.
The output means 36 receives the selections made by the user from the interface means 28 and the data and the man-hours from the processing means 34 and formats these into a format suitable for the direct cost estimating module 14. In the embodiment, the selections, the data and the man-hours estimate are formatted as a row in a table suitable for inclusion in a spreadsheet-like layout.
Referring to the flow chart shown in FIG. 3, state box 50 represents initialisation of the bill of materials module 12. Once initialisation is complete, the first menu, component menu M8, is displayed as shown at state box 52 The interface means 28 then waits for the user to make a selection, as shown at state box 54. Once a selection has been made, the selection is stored and if required, the menu and selection are concatenated and stored as part of the index, shown as state box 56.
Next, a comparison is made to determine whether the menu previously displayed was the last menu, shown as state box 58. In the menu was not the last menu, the next menu is determined from the selection made by the user, and the menu is then displayed, as shown in state box 60. The software then waits for the user to again make a selection at state box 54.
If the comparison at state box 58 determines that the previous menu was the final menu, the reference database 10 is searched using the index to locate the data relating to the material, shown at state box 62.
The control data is then interpreted by the processing means 34 as shown at state box 64. If the control data indicates that the other data contained in the reference database 10 represents the man-hours, then the data and the man-hours are simply forwarded to the output means as shown at branch 66.
Alternatively, if the control data indicates that a formula is to be referenced, the other data is used by the processor means 34 to reference the formula database 42 and the formula adjustment database 44 if required. The formula is then evaluated to calculate the man-hours as shown at state box 68. The data obtained from the reference database 10 and the man-hours are then output to the output means 36 as shown at branch 70.
The output means 36 formats the selections, the data and the man-hours into a format suitable for use by the direct cost estimate module 14 as shown at state box 72.
Finally, the software returns to the start 50, as shown at state box 74.
The direct cost estimate module 14 receives the selections, the data and the man-hours estimate from the output means 36 and displays the same in a spreadsheet-like fashion, as a list of materials and man-hours required for the project. The direct cost estimate module 14 includes functions such as copy and paste so that where more than one particular component is required, a user can simply copy and paste a previous selection from the bill of materials module 12 rather than repeating the selection process through the menus.
The direct cost historical database 16 contains a database of previous bills of materials, from which materials and groups of materials are selectable from the direct cost estimate module 14. For example, if a pumping station with a 10 kiloliter per minute capacity is required, the direct cost historical database 16 is referenced to determine whether the same or a similar pumping station has previously been included in a bill of materials and if so, the materials can simply be copied from the previous bill of materials rather than requiring the user to reselect the materials. In addition to saving time by referencing previously used bills of materials, consistency between bills of materials is improved.
Further, the direct cost estimate module 14 references the direct cost adjustment database 17, so that if some materials are copied from a previous bill of materials, the cost of those materials can be updated from the direct cost adjustment database 17, providing a more accurate cost estimate.
The indirect cost estimation module 18 and the indirect cost historical database operate in a similar manner to the direct cost estimation module 14 and the direct cost historical database 16, however the indirect cost estimation module 18 does not reference the bill of materials module 12. The indirect cost estimation module 18 presents a list of possible indirect costs to the user, which the user can then either enter indirect cost values or delete from the list. Once the direct cost and the indirect cost estimates have been completed, the cost estimates are output to the estimate summary 22, which displays the cost estimate information in a variety of levels of detail and formats.
The project cost control module 24 is intended for use when the engineering project is being constructed and is used to schedule the project, for procurement of the materials, and monitoring and management of project costs.
As the actual costs of the engineering project become known, they are entered into the project cost control module 24. At the completion of the project, the actual and estimated information is output to the cost comparison means 25 which creates entries in the direct and indirect cost adjustment databases 17 and 21 corresponding to any difference between the estimated and actual cost for future reference.
In addition, information from the project cost control module 24 is output to a comparison means 46. The comparison means 46 compares, for each material, the estimated man-hours for installation and the actual man-hours for installation. The comparison means 46 adjusts the formula adjustment database 44 for that material to reduce the error between the estimated and actual man-hours value.
It should be appreciated that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described above.
For example, it is envisaged in other embodiments that the interface means 28 includes a further menu in which a user enters the height at which a material will be installed, which height information is then utilised by the processing means in calculating the man-hours for installation.
Alternatively, it is envisaged that in other embodiments, the control data will contain further instructions which the processing means will interpret as requiring the user to be prompted for information such as the height at which a material will be installed. The height information will then be utilised by the processing means in the formula when calculating the man-hours for installation.
Furthermore, it is envisaged that in further embodiments one or more of the selections are directly passed to the processing means for utilisation in calculating the man-hours required to install the component.
Finally, whilst the embodiment has been described with reference to carbon steel piping to American standard, it should be appreciated that this is an example only of one application of the embodiment and that the embodiment is equally applicable to other types of piping, as well as other material types, such as electrical, electronic, mechanical and structural materials. Where other material types are included, the number of menus and the menu headings vary depending upon the material type.
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- Inventors
Kuypers, Johannes Antonius;
- Published
Jun-10-2003
- Current US Classes:
705/7
707/1
- Application #
355253
- International Classes
G06F 017/30; G06F 007/00
- Field of Search
707/1 705/7-11
- Examiner
Robinson; Greta
- Agent
Nixon & Vanderhye P.C.
- US Patent References:
4972318
5432904
5570291
6092050
6216108
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