Accounting processor and method for automated management control system

Abstract

An automatic accounting processor and method far automatically performing an accounting procedure for transaction data on a real time basis through menu selection and input or a data communication network on a computer system, by standardizing, formulating and compounding a management control business of an enterprise. The automatic accounting processor includes a transmitter/receiver, a display/input unit, a storage unit, a processing unit, and an output unit. The automatic accounting processor and method allows an automatic accounting procedure without an accounting knowledge. Also, an accounting procedure and a balancing operation procedure are performed on a real time basis, by automatically controlling errors generated during the accounting procedure, thereby realizing an effective management control.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for executing an accounting process on transaction data including transaction information, transaction terms information and standard management information comprised of predetermined management items, comprising:

a display/input unit, a storage device and a processing unit, wherein said display/input unit displays an input screen of predetermined transaction data and a balance details screen for a balance operation, and enables selection of a predetermined menu supplied from the screen or inputs the transaction data;

wherein said storage device comprises:

a transaction data storage portion for storing the transaction data selected and input from said display/input unit;

an accounting ledger storage portion for storing account information account-processed for financial management, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least a transaction amount; and

a balance-by-account storage portion for storing accounts corresponding to results of the balancing operation and predetermined standard information comprised of at least the transaction amount; and

wherein said processing unit comprises:

a first processing portion for displaying a transaction data input screen on said display/input unit, checking whether the input transaction data are to be balance-deducted and storing the input transaction data into said transaction data storage portion;

a transaction classifying portion for generating corresponding account information and debit/credit position information from the transaction information, transaction terms information and the standard management information related thereto, stored in said transaction data storage portion;

a journal processing portion for classifying and summing the account information, the debit/credit position information and the predetermined standard management information comprised of the transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side, storing the same in said accounting ledger storage portion, and determining whether the transaction data is to be balancing-operated; and

a balancing operation processing portion for displaying balance details of the relevant customer for the accounts corresponding to the transaction data if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted in said first processing portion, classifying the data to be balancing-operated into data to be balance-summed and data to be balance-deducted, summing the data to be balance-summed to the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account, deducting the data to be balance-deducted from the balance details, and storing the result in said balance-by-account storage portion.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when the transaction data includes transaction for, information, and standard management information corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms and comprised of predetermined management items for detailed management, and the transaction data corresponds to a predetermined data format, and wherein said storage device further comprises:

a first classification temporary storage portion for temporarily storing account information, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least the transaction amount; and

a second classification temporary storage portion for extracting data to be balancing-operated among the transaction data and temporarily storing the same, said processing unit comprises:

a first processing portion for displaying a transaction data input screen on the display/input unit, checking whether the transaction data is to be balance-deducted, if the transaction data is selected and input through said display/input unit;

a storage processing portion for storing the transaction data in said transaction data storage portion;

a transaction classifying portion For reading a transaction form, a transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, generating the corresponding account and debit/credit position information from the read data, and storing the generated accounts, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information comprised of the transaction amount in said first classification temporary storage portion;

a journal processing portion for classifying and summing the account information, debit/credit position information and the predetermined standard management information comprised of the transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side, storing the same in said accounting ledger storage portion, determining whether the data is to be balancing-operated, and storing the corresponding account information, debit/credit information and the predetermined standard management information comprised of the transaction amount in said second classification temporary storage portion; and

a balancing operation processing portion for reading balance details of the relevant customer for the accounts corresponding to the transaction data selected and input from said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data is determined to be balance-deducted in said first processing portion, displaying the same on said display/input unit, classifying the data to be balancing-operated into data to be balance-summed and data to be balance-deducted to then sum or deduct the balance-summed/deducted data to/from the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account, and storing the result in said balance-by-account storage portion.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

an output unit connected to said processing unit for outputting financial information including financial statements having a predetermined format, wherein said processing unit further comprises:

an output processing portion for reading the data stored in said accounting ledger storage portion and said balance-by-account storage portion by a user's request, outputting the read data to said output unit to be suitable for a predetermined format, and displaying the same on said display/input unit.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:

an output unit connected to said processing unit for outputting financial information including financial statements having a predetermined format, wherein said processing unit further comprises:

an output processing portion for reading the data stored in said accounting ledger storage portion and said balance-by-account storage portion by a user's request, outputting the read data to said output unit to be suitable for a predetermined format, and displaying the same on said display/input unit.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, when data for management control is standardized, formulated and compounded into a predetermined data format, and the transaction data corresponds to the standardized, formulated and compounded data format, said display/input unit receives the transaction data according to the data format, said transaction data storage portion of said storage device comprises:

an integrated management control database for storing the transaction data selected and input through said display/input unit and having databases by management control departments divided according to predetermined management control items; and

an integrated accounting database for storing data necessary for accounting process for financial control, among the data stored in the integrated management control database, wherein said storage processing portion comprises:

a second processing portion for classifying the transaction data selected and input through said display/input unit to be stored in the databases for the respective departments of the integrated management control database and storing the classified data for the respective departments in the corresponding databases; and

a third processing portion for selectively extracting the transaction data to be account-processed for financial control from the databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database and storing the extracted data in said integrated accounting database, and

wherein said transaction classifying portion reads data from said integrated accounting database.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said first processing portion comprises:

a transaction form display portion for displaying payment and receipt items corresponding to the transaction form on a menu screen of said display/input unit;

a transaction pattern display portion for displaying purchasing, warehousing, fund expenditure, financial transfer payment items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit, if the payment item is selected from said transaction form display portion as the transaction form, and displaying sales, delivery, fund revenue, financial transfer receipt items corresponding to transaction patterns or said display/input unit, if the receipt item is selected by said transaction form display portion as the transaction form;

a detailed pattern display portion for displaying a predetermined detailed item corresponding to the selected transaction pattern and decided according to accounting principles on said display/input unit, if the transaction pattern is selected by said transaction pattern display portion;

a first standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the detailed item on said display/input unit to then be selected and input, if the detailed item concerned with the transaction pattern is selected by said detailed pattern display portion;

a balancing operation target data determining portion for determining whether the transaction to be balancing-operated is to be balance-deducted, according to the transaction form, transaction pattern, detailed pattern and standard management information, respectively selected and input from said transaction form display portion, transaction pattern display portion, said detailed pattern display portion and said first standard management information display portion;

a transaction terms display portion for selecting transaction terms corresponding to cash, a bank deposit, a note, a credit and an adjustment and displaying a transaction terms menu screen for inputting the transaction amount corresponding to the selected transaction terms item on said display/input units if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined by the balancing operation target determining portion to not be balance-deducted, and if the to-be-balancing-operated transaction is determined to be balance-deducted, notifying that the target data is to be balancing-operated, reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion to then be displayed in said display/input unit, and displaying the transaction terms menu screen on said display/input unit; and

a second standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the transaction terms if the transaction terms item is selected and input from said transaction terms display portion.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said first processing portion comprises:

a transaction form display portion for displaying payment and receipt items corresponding to the transaction form on a menu screen of said display/input unit;

a transaction pattern display portion for displaying purchasing, warehousing, fund expenditure, financial transfer payment items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit, if the payment item is selected from said transaction form display portion as the transaction form, and displaying sales, delivery, fund revenue, financial transfer receipt items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit, if the receipt item is selected by said transaction form display portion as the transaction form;

a detailed pattern display portion for displaying a predetermined detailed item corresponding to the selected transaction pattern and decided according to accounting principles on said display/input unit, if the transaction pattern is selected by said transaction pattern display portion;

a first standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the detailed item on said display/input unit to then be selected and input, if the detailed item concerned with the transaction pattern is selected by said detailed pattern display portion;

a balancing operation target data determining portion for determining whether the transaction to be balancing-operated is to be balance-deducted, according to the transaction form, transaction pattern, detailed pattern and standard management information, respectively selected and input from said transaction form display portion, transaction pattern display portion, said detailed pattern display portion and said first standard management information display portion;

a transaction terms display portion for selecting transaction terms corresponding to cash, a bank deposit, a note, a credit and an adjustment and displaying a transaction terms menu screen for inputting the transaction amount corresponding to the selected transaction terms item on said display/input units if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined by the balancing operation target determining portion to not be balance-deducted, and if the to-be-balancing-operated transaction is determined to be balance-deducted, notifying that the target data is to be balancing-operated, reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion to then be displayed in said display/input unit, and displaying the transaction terms menu screen on said display/input unit; and

a second standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the transaction terms if the transaction terms item is selected and input from said transaction terms display portion.

8. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said journal processing portion comprises:

a classifying and summing portion for classifying predetermined standard management information, comprised of the accounts information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount stored in said first classification temporary storage portion, into a debit side and a credit side and summing the classified transaction data for each of said debit/credit side;

a normal processing portion for displaying the journalizing result of said classifying and summing portion on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount agrees with balancing principles, storing the transaction data in said accounting ledger storage portion, determining transaction data to be balancing-operated, and storing the determined data in said second classification temporary storage portion; and

an error processing portion for displaying an error message on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount does not agree with balancing principles, and deleting the corresponding error data input from said display/input unit or correcting the corresponding error item.

9. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said journal processing portion comprises:

a classifying and summing portion for classifying predetermined standard management information, comprised of the accounts information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount stored in said first classification temporary storage portion, into a debit side and a credit side and summing the classifies transaction data for each of said debit/credit side;

a normal processing portion for displaying the journalizing result of said classifying and summing portion on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount agrees -with balancing principles, storing the transaction data in said accounting ledger storage portion, determining transaction data to be balancing-operated, and storing the determined data in said second classification temporary storage portion; and

an error processing portion for displaying an error message on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount does not agree with balancing principles, and deleting the corresponding error data input from said display/input unit or correcting the corresponding error item.

10. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said balancing operation processing portion further comprises:

a balance input controller for processing as an error the transaction data for the transaction amount if the transaction amount is larger than the corresponding balance amount of the relevant customer for the corresponding account displayed on said display/input unit by said balancing operation processing portion.

11. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said balancing operation processing portion further comprises:

a balance input controller for processing as an error the transaction data for the transaction amount if the transaction amount is larger than the corresponding balance amount of the relevant customer for the corresponding account displayed on said display/input unit by said balancing operation processing portion.

12. A balancing operation processing apparatus for balancing-operating transaction data created between customers and account-processing the same, comprising:

a display/input unit, a storage device and a processing unit;

wherein said display/input unit displays an input screen for processing transaction data, and selects at least one menu supplied from the input screen or receives the transaction data;

wherein said storage device comprises:

a balance-by-account storage portion for storing predetermined standard information comprised of accounts corresponding to results of the balancing operation and transaction amount; and

wherein said processing unit comprises:

a balancing operation target data determining portion for determining whether the transaction data selected and input by said display/input unit are to be balance-summed or balance-deducted;

a balance details searching portion for reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the account corresponding to the predetermined standard management information comprised of the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction amount selected and input from said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted in said balancing operation target data determining portion, and displaying the read balance details on said display/input unit;

a transaction terms display portion for displaying the standard management information comprised of transaction terms if the balance details are displayed on said display/input unit, and inputting the transaction terms and the related standard management information;

a balancing process classifying portion for classifying the transaction data into data to be balance-summed and data to be balance-deducted if the transaction terms and the related standard management information are input; and

a balance adjustment processing portion for reading the corresponding account of said balance-by-account storage portion and the balance details of the relevant customer and deducting the transaction amount from the balance if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted, and for reading the corresponding account of said balance-by-account storage portion and the balance details of the relevant customer and summing the transaction amount to the balance if the transaction data are determined to be balance-summed.

13. The balancing operation processing apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:

a balance input controller for processing as an error the transaction data for the transaction amount if the transaction amount is larger than the corresponding balance amount of the relevant customer for the corresponding account displayed on said display/input unit by said balancing operation processing portion.

14. An accounting processing method using an accounting processing apparatus comprising: a display/input unit for displaying an input screen of predetermined transaction data and inputting the transaction data; a transaction data storage portion for storing the input transaction data; an accounting ledger storage portion for storing account information, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information comprised of a transaction amount; and a balance-by-account storage portion for storing balancing-operated accounts and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least the transaction amount, when the transaction data include transaction information, transaction terms information and predetermined standard management information comprised of predetermined management items, said method comprising the steps of:

displaying the transaction data input screen on said display/input unit;

determining whether transaction data are to be balance-deducted if the transaction data are input, and displaying the balance details of the relevant customer for the account stored in said balance-by-account storage portion if the input transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted;

inputting the relevant standard management information comprised of the transaction terms and the transaction amount if the balance details are displayed, normally processing the transaction amount if the input transaction amount is less than or equal to the balance amount of the corresponding balance details, and error-processing the same if the input transaction amount is larger than the balance amount of the corresponding balance details;

storing the input transaction data in said transaction data storage portion;

classifying the transaction by generating account information corresponding to the transaction information, transaction terms information and the related standard management information, and debit/credit position information;

journalizing by classifying the predetermined standard management information including the generated account information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side, summing the same, displaying the result on said display/input unit, storing the same in said accounting ledger storage portion if there is no error, and checking whether the transaction data are to be balancing-operated;

determining whether the transaction data are to be balance-summed or balance-deducted if the transaction data are determined to be balancing-operated; and

summing the transaction data to be summed to the corresponding balance details of the customer for the account stored in said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-summed, and deducting the transaction data to be deducted from the corresponding balance details of the customer for the account stored in said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted, and storing the result in said balance-by-account storage portion.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, when the transaction data includes transaction form information comprised of items representing receipt and payment, transaction pattern information comprised of at least an item representing a purchase, detailed transaction pattern information comprised of at least an item representing purchase of the merchandise, transaction terms information comprised of at least predetermined transaction terms representing cash, and standard management information comprised of a predetermined management item for detailed management, corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, said transaction classifying step comprises the steps of reading the transaction form, the transaction pattern, the transaction terms and the standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern, and transaction terms, from said transaction data storage portion, generating an account information corresponding to the read data and debit/credit position information, and temporarily storing the generated accounts information, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information including the transaction amount,

wherein said journalizing step comprises the steps of classifying the predetermined standard management information including the stored account information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side, to sum the same, displaying the result on said display/input unit, to store the same in said accounting ledger storage portion if there is no error, and temporarily storing the transaction data to be balancing-operated, and wherein said determining step comprises the steps of reading the standard management information comprised of the temporarily stored account information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount, and determining whether the transaction data are to be balance-summed or balance-deducted.

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising the step of:

reading the data stored in said account ledger storage portion and said balance-by-account storage portion by user's request, outputting the read data to be suitable to a predetermined format to said output unit, and displaying the same on said display/input unit.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein, when said display/input unit standardizes, formulates and compounds the transaction data for management control into a predetermined data format, displays a predetermined input screen for inputting the transaction data, selects a menu item supplied from the input screen or inputting the transaction data, said transaction data storage portion comprises an integrated management control database for storing the transaction data selected and input through said display/input unit and having databases by management control departments divided according to predetermined management control items, and an integrated accounting database for storing data necessary for an accounting process for financial control, among the data stored in said integrated management control database, said storing step of the transaction data storage processing portion comprises the steps of:

classifying the transaction data selected and input through said display/input unit to be stored in the databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database and storing the classified data for the respective departments in the corresponding databases;

selectively extracting the transaction data to be account-processed for financial control from the databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database and storing the extracted data in said integrated accounting database; and

reading a transaction form, a transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, generating corresponding accounts and debit/credit position information from the read data, and storing predetermined standard management information comprised of the generated accounts, debit/credit information and transaction amount.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the journalizing step comprises the steps of:

classifying the generated predetermined standard management information comprised of the accounts information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side and summing the classified transaction data;

normally processing the transaction data by displaying the journalizing result on said display/input unit in the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount does not agree with balancing principles, storing the transaction data in said accounting ledger storage portion, and temporarily storing the to-be-balancing-operated transaction data; and

error-processing the transaction data by displaying an error message on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount is not accordant to balancing principles, and deleting the corresponding error data input from said display/input unit or correcting the corresponding error item.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the journalizing step comprises the steps of:

classifying the generated predetermined standard management information comprised of the accounts information, debit/credit position information and transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side and summing the classified transaction data;

normally processing the transaction data by displaying the journalizing result on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount does not agree with balancing principles, storing the transaction data in said accounting ledger storage portion, and temporarily storing the to-be-balancing-operated transaction data; and

error-processing the transaction data by displaying an error message on said display/input unit if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount is not according to balancing principles, and deleting the corresponding error data input from said display/input unit or correcting the corresponding error item.

20. A balancing operation processing method using a balancing operation processing apparatus having a display/input unit for displaying an input screen for processing transaction data, and selecting at least one menu supplied from the input screen and inputting the transaction data, and a balance-by-account storage portion for storing predetermined standard information comprised of the balancing-operated accounts and transaction amount, said method comprising the steps of:

determining whether the transaction data selected and input by said display/input unit are to be balance-summed or balance-deducted;

reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the account from said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted, and displaying the read balance details on said display/input unit;

inputting the transaction terms and the related standard management information if the balance details are displayed on said display/input unit;

normal-processing the balance details if the displayed balance amount is less than or equal to the transaction amount of the transaction data input through said display/input unit, and processing the balance details as an error if the input transaction amount is greater than the displayed balance amount;

determining whether the normally processed transaction data are to be balance-summed or balance-deducted; and

account-processing the transaction data to be balance summed, summing the predetermined management information comprised of accounts and the transaction amount to the balance amount of the relevant customer for the corresponding account stored in said balance-by-account storage portion, and storing the result in the balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-summed, and account-processing the transaction data to be balance-deducted, deducting the predetermined management information comprised of accounts and the transaction amount from the balance amount of the relevant customer for the corresponding account stored in said balance-by-account storage portion, and storing the result in said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted.

21. An apparatus for executing an accounting process by receiving transaction data through a data communication network, comprising:

a transaction data transmitting unit for transmitting created transaction data;

a transaction data receiving unit for receiving the transmitted transaction data; and

a network for connecting the transaction data receiving unit to at least one transaction data transmitting unit;

wherein said transaction data receiving unit includes a data receipt display/input unit, a storage unit, a processing unit and an output unit;

wherein, when the transaction data include transaction form information comprised of items representing receipt and payment, transaction pattern information comprised of items representing purchase and sales, transaction terms information comprised of predetermined transactions terms having at least cash, and standard management information comprised of predetermined management items for detailed management, corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, and correspond to a predetermined data format, said data receipt display/input unit displays the received transaction data by the command of said processing unit; and

wherein the storage unit comprises:

a transaction data storage portion for storing the transaction data;

a first classification temporary storage portion for temporarily storing account information, debit/credit position information and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least the transaction amount;

an accounting ledger storage portion for storing the account information, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least the transaction amount, account-processed for financial management;

a second classification temporary storage portion for extracting the data to be balancing-operated among the transaction data and temporarily storing the same; and

a balance-by-account storage portion for storing the accounts corresponding to results of the balancing operation and predetermined standard information comprised of at least the transaction amount; said processing unit comprises:

a receipt determining processing portion for determining whether the data transmitted from the transaction data transmitting unit through said network are capable of being received, and determining whether the data are converted into a code which can be interpreted and processed if the data are capable of being received;

a received data display processing portion for receipt-processing the received transaction data if the data are determined to be capable of being received, and generating a command to display the data through said data receipt display/input unit;

a first processing portion for sequentially processing the received transaction data according to processing conditions of the corresponding items of a transaction form, a transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, determining whether the processed transaction data are to be balancing-operated, and displaying normally processed transaction data on said data receipt display/input unit if the transaction data to be balancing-operated are determined to be balance-deducted and then normally processed;

a receipt error processing portion for deleting the received and receipt-processed transaction data if the transaction data are determined to be incapable of being received and being receipt-processed, the transaction data displayed on said data receipt display/input unit are determined to be different from the actual transaction data by the user's verification, or the receipt-processed transaction data which are to be balancing-operated are compared with the corresponding balance details to be processed as an error, and notifying said transaction data transmitting unit of the deletion;

a data storage processing portion for storing the transaction data comprised of the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms in said transaction data storage portion, if the transaction data are normally processed;

a transaction classifying portion for reading the transaction data from said transaction data storage processing portion, generating account information and debit/credit position information corresponding to the read transaction data, and storing the generated account information, debit/credit position information and predetermined standard management information having at least the transaction amount in said first classification temporary storage portion;

a journal processing portion for classifying the account information, debit/credit position information and the predetermined standard management information having at least the transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side, and summing the same, normally processing the same if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount agrees with balancing principles, displaying the journalizing result on said data receipt display/input unit, storing the transaction data in said accounting ledger storage portion, displaying an error message on said data receipt display/input unit if the sum of the transaction amount does not agree with the balancing principles, determining transaction data to be balancing-operated among the normally processed transaction data and storing the corresponding account information, debit/credit position information and predetermined standard management information having the transaction amount;

a balancing operation processing portion for searching balance details on the relevant customer for the accounts corresponding to the transaction data if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted in said first processing portion, comparing the balance details with the data to be balance-deducted, error-processing and notifying said receipt error processing portion if the transaction amount of the transaction data to be balance-deducted is greater than that of the searched balance details, normally processing if the transaction amount of the transaction data to be balance deducted is less than or equal to that of the searched balance details, classifying the transaction data into data to be balance-summed and data to be balance-deducted, searching the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion, adding the transaction data to be balance-summed to the searched balance details, deducting the to be balance-deducted transaction data from the searched balance details if the data are classified into the data to be balance-deducted, and storing the result in said balance-by-account storage portion; and

an output processing portion for reading the data stored in said accounting ledger storage portion and said balance-by account storage portion by the user's request, outputting the read data according to a predetermined format to said output unit, and displaying the same on said data receipt display/input unit.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein, when the transaction data for management control are standardized, formulated and compounded into a predetermined data format be commonly used throughout all departments of an enterprise for business activities, and the transaction data include transaction form information comprised of items representing receipt and payment, transaction pattern information comprised of items representing purchase and sales, transaction terms information comprised of predetermined transactions terms having at least cash, and standard management information comprised of predetermined management items for detailed management, corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, and corresponds to a predetermined data format, said transaction data storage portion of said data storage unit comprises an integrated management control database for storing the transaction data displayed on said data receipt display/input unit by the received data display processing portion and normally processed, and having databases by management control departments divided according to predetermined management control items, and an integrated accounting database for storing data necessary for an accounting process for financial control, among the data stored in said integrated management control database,

wherein said storage processing portion comprises second processing portion for classifying the transaction data to be stored in said databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database for integrated control of the transaction data if the management control data are normally processed, and storing the classified data for the respective departments in the corresponding databases, and a third processing portion for selectively extracting the transaction data to be account-processed for financial control from the databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database and storing the same in said integrated accounting database, and

wherein said transaction classifying portion reads data from said integrated accounting database.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said receipt determining processing portion comprises:

a data receiver for determining whether the data transmitted from said transaction data transmitting unit includes a compulsory receipt item, notifying said error processing portion of the determination result if the data are determined to be incapable of being received, and receiving the transmitted data if the data are determined to be capable of being received;

a format converter for sequentially converting the data received from said data receiver to be suitable for a predetermined format; and

a code conversion processor for code-conversion-processing the converted data to correspond to the account processible transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms, and notifying said error processing portion that the data do not agree with the code conversion processing condition if the data do not agree with the code conversion processing condition.

24. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said receipt determining processing portion comprises:

a data receiver for determining whether the data transmitted from said transaction data transmitting unit include a compulsory receipt item, notifying said error processing portion of the determination result if the data are determined to be incapable of being received, and receiving the transmitted data if the data are determined to be capable of being received;

a format converter for sequentially converting the data received from said data receiver to be suitable for a predetermined format; and

a code conversion processor for code-conversion-processing the converted data to correspond to the account-processible transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms, and notifying said error processing portion that the data do not agree with the code conversion processing condition if the data do not agree with the code conversion processing condition.

25. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said data receipt display/input unit of said transaction data receiving unit additionally displays a predetermined input menu screen for inputting further necessary data concerned with the received transaction data,

wherein said processing unit of said transaction data receiving unit further comprises a received data display processor for commanding said first processing portion to receipt-process the received transaction data if the data are determined to be capable of being received in said receipt determining processing portion, sequentially processing the transaction data receipt-processed by said first processing portion according to the processing conditions of the corresponding items of the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information related to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, output items to be additionally input if the processed transaction data are suitable to the processing conditions and it is determined that there are items to be further processed, display the processed transaction data on said data receipt display/input unit, and an additional input display processing portion for sequentially displaying items to be additionally input to said data receipt display/input unit so that a predetermined menu screen for additionally inputting the corresponding item of the data deleted by the user's verification for not being the compulsory receipt item, the corresponding item of the data deleted by the user for the reason of being error-processed by said journalizing portion, and items to be additionally input, is suitable to the processing conditions of said first processing portion, and

wherein said data storage processing portion of said processing unit stores the transaction data comprised of the transaction form, the transaction pattern, the transaction terms and the standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms in said transaction data storage portion or said integrated management control database and said integrated accounting database if the transaction data are normally processed by said data receipt display/input unit.

26. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said data receipt display/input unit of said transaction data receiving unit additionally displays a predetermined input menu screen for inputting further necessary data concerned with the received transaction data,

wherein said processing unit of said transaction data receiving unit further comprises a received data display processor for commanding said first processing portion to receipt-process the received transaction data if the data are determined to be capable of being received in said receipt determining processing portion, sequentially processing the transaction data receipt-processed by said first processing portion according to the processing conditions of the corresponding items of the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information related to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, output items to be additionally input if the processed transaction data are suitable to the processing conditions and it is determined that there are items to be further processed, display the processed transaction data on said data receipt display/input unit, and an additional input display processing portion for sequentially displaying items to be additionally input to said data receipt display/input unit so that a predetermined menu screen for additionally inputting the corresponding item of the data deleted by the user's verification for not being the compulsory receipt item, the corresponding item of the data deleted by the user for the reason of being error-processed by said journalizing portion, and items to be additionally input, is suitable to the processing conditions of said first processing portion, and

wherein said data storage processing portion of said processing unit stores the transaction data comprised of the transaction form, the transaction pattern, the transaction terms and the standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms in said transaction data storage portion or said integrated management control database and said integrated accounting database if the transaction data are normally processed by said data receipt display/input unit.

27. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein, for the purpose of receiving the transaction data directly from a user, not from said network, said transaction data receiving unit comprises:

a transaction form display portion for displaying payment and receipt items corresponding to the transaction form on a menu screen of said display/input unit;

a transaction pattern display portion for displaying purchasing, warehousing, fund expenditure, financial transfer payment items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit if the payment item is selected from said transaction form display portion as the transaction form, and displaying sales, delivery, fund revenue, financial transfer receipt items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit if the receipt item is selected by said transaction form display portion as the transaction form;

a detailed pattern display portion for displaying a predetermined detailed item corresponding to the selected transaction pattern and decided according to accounting principles on said display/input unit, if the transaction pattern is selected by said transaction pattern display portion;

a first standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the detailed item on said display/input unit to then be selected and input, if the detailed item concerned with the transaction pattern is selected by said detailed pattern display portion;

a balancing operation target data determining portion for determining whether transaction the to be balancing-operated is to be balance-deducted, according to the transaction form, transaction pattern, detailed pattern and standard management information, respectively selected and input from said transaction form display portion, transaction pattern display portion, detailed pattern display portion and first standard management information display portion;

a transaction terms display portion for selecting transaction terms corresponding to cash, bank deposits, notes, credit and adjustments and displaying a transaction terms menu screen for inputting the transaction amount corresponding to the selected transaction terms item on said display/input unit if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined by said balancing operation target determining portion to not be balance-deducted, and if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined to be balance-deducted, notifying that the target data are to be balancing-operated, reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion to then be displayed in said display/input unit, and displaying the transaction terms menu screen on said display/input unit; and

a second standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the transaction terms if the transaction terms item is selected and input from said transaction terms display portion.

28. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein, for the purpose of receiving the transaction data directly from a user, not from said network, said transaction data receiving unit comprises:

a transaction form display portion for displaying payment and receipt items corresponding to the transaction form on a menu screen of said display/input unit;

a transaction pattern display portion for displaying purchasing, warehousing, fund expenditure, financial transfer payment items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit if the payment item is selected from said transaction form display portion as the transaction form, and displaying sales, delivery, fund revenue, financial transfer receipt items corresponding to transaction patterns on said display/input unit if the receipt item is selected by said transaction form display portion as the transaction form;

a detailed pattern display portion for displaying a predetermined detailed item corresponding to the selected transaction pattern and decided according to accounting principles on said display/input unit, if the transaction pattern is selected by said transaction pattern display portion;

a first standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the detailed item on said display/input unit to then be selected and input, if the detailed item concerned with the transaction pattern is selected by said detailed pattern display portion;

a balancing operation target data determining portion for determining whether the transaction to be balancing-operated is to be balance-deducted, according to the transaction form, transaction pattern, detailed pattern and standard management information, respectively selected and input from said transaction form display portion, transaction pattern display portion, detailed pattern display portion and first standard management information display portion;

a transaction terms display portion for selecting transaction terms corresponding to cash, bank deposits, notes, credit and adjustments and displaying a transaction terms menu screen for inputting the transaction amount corresponding to the selected transaction terms item on said display/input unit if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined by said balancing operation target determining portion to not be balance-deducted, and if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined to be balance-deducted, notifying that the target data are to be balancing-operated, reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion to then be displayed in said display/input unit, and displaying the transaction terms menu screen on said display/input unit; and

a second standard management information display portion for displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the transaction terms if the transaction terms item is selected and input from said transaction terms display portion.

29. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said balancing operation processing portion further comprises:

a balance input controller for reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the account corresponding to the transaction data selected and input from said balance-by-account storage portion by means of said balancing operation processing portion and displaying the read data on said data receipt display/input unit if the transaction data selected and input from said data receipt display/input unit are determined to be balance-deducted by said balancing operation target data determining portion, normally processing the balance details if the input transaction amount is less than or equal to the displayed balance details, and processing the balance details as an error if the input transaction amount is greater than the displayed balance details.

30. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said balancing operation processing portion further comprises:

a balance input controller for reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the account corresponding to the transaction data selected and input from said balance-by-account storage portion by means of said balancing operation processing portion and displaying the read data on said data receipt display/input unit if the transaction data selected and input from said data receipt display/input unit are determined to be balance-deducted by said balancing operation target data determining portion, normally processing the balance details if the input transaction amount is less than or equal to the displayed balance details, and processing the balance details as an error if the input transaction amount is greater than the displayed balance details.

31. An accounting processing method using an accounting processing apparatus comprising: one or more transaction data transmitting units for transmitting created transaction data, a transaction data receiving unit having a receipt display/input portion for verifying the transaction data received from said transaction data transmitting unit and displaying balance details for balancing operation processing, a transaction data storage portion for storing the data verified by said data receipt display/input unit, an accounting ledger storage portion for storing accounts information, debit/credit information and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least transaction amount, and a balance-by-account storage portion for storing accounts to be balancing-operated and predetermined standard management information comprised of at least the transaction amount and a data communication network for connecting said transaction data receiving unit with said transaction data transmitting unit, when the transaction data include transaction form information comprised of items representing receipt and payment, transaction pattern information comprised of items representing purchase and sales and having at least merchandise, transaction terms information comprised of at least cash, and predetermined standard management information comprised of predetermined management items for detailed control, corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, and corresponding to a predetermined data format, said method comprising the steps of:

transmitting the transaction data to said transaction data receiving unit through said network;

determining whether the data transmitted from the transaction data transmitting unit through said network are capable of being received, and determining whether the data are converted into an interpretable and processible code if the data are capable of being received;

receipt-processing the received transaction data if the data are determined to be capable of being received in said receipt determining step, and sequentially processing the receipt-processed data according to the processing conditions of the corresponding items of the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern, and transaction terms;

determining whether the processed transaction data are to be balancing-operated, and displaying normally processed transaction data on said receipt display/input portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted to then be normally processed;

deleting the received transaction data if the data are determined to be incapable of being received or being receipt-processed;

storing the transaction data including the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern, and transaction terms, in the transaction data storage portion if the transaction data are normally processed in said receipt display/input portion;

classifying the transaction by generating account information corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern, transaction terms and standard management information concerned with the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, and debit/credit position information, and temporarily storing the generated account information, debit/credit position information and predetermined management information having at least the transaction amount;

classifying the temporarily stored accounts information, debit/credit position information and predetermined standard management information having at least the transaction amount into a debit side and a credit side, summing the same, normally processing if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount agrees with balancing principles, displaying journalizing result on said receipt display/input portion, and storing the same in said accounting ledger storage portion;

displaying an error message on said receipt display/input portion if the sum of the debit/credit side transaction amount does not agree with balancing principles, determining whether the transaction data, are to be balancing-operated among the normally processed transaction data, and temporarily storing account information, debit/credit position information and predetermined standard management information having the transaction amount;

searching balance details of the relevant customer for the accounts corresponding to the transaction data from said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction data are determined to be balance-deducted, comparing the balance details with the data to be balance-deducted, error-processing and displaying if the transaction amount of the transaction data to be balance-deducted is greater than that of the searched balance details, normally processing if the transaction amount of the to-be-balance-deducted transaction data is less than or equal to that of the searched balance details, classifying the transaction data into data to be balance-summed and data to be balance-deducted;

searching the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion if the transaction is classified into data to be balance-summed in said classifying step, adding the transaction data to be balance-summed to the balance details, deducting the transaction data to be balance-deducted from the balance details if the data are classified into data to be balance-deducted, and storing the result in said balance-by account storage portion; and

reading the data stored in said accounting ledger storage portion and the balance-by-account storage portion by the user's request, outputting the read data according to a predetermined format to said output unit, and displaying the same on said data receipt display/input unit.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein, when the transaction data for management control are standardized, formulated and compounded into a predetermined data format to be commonly used throughout all departments of an enterprise for business activities, and the transaction data include transaction form information comprised of items representing receipt and payment, transaction pattern information comprised of items representing purchase and sales, transaction terms information comprised of predetermined transactions terms having at least cash, and standard management information comprised of predetermined management items for detailed management, corresponding to the transaction form, transaction pattern and transaction terms, and corresponds to a predetermined data format, and that the transaction data storage portion of said data storage unit comprises an integrated management control database for storing the transaction data displayed on said data receipt display/input unit by said received data display processing portion and normally processed, and having databases by management control departments divided according to predetermined management control items, and an integrated accounting database for storing data necessary for an accounting process for financial control, among the data stored in said integrated management control database, said step of storing the transaction data in said transaction data storage portion comprises the substeps of:

classifying the transaction data to be stored in the databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database for integrated control of the transaction data if the management control data are normally processed, and storing the classified data for the respective departments in the corresponding databases; and

selectively extracting the transaction data to be account-processed for financial control from the databases for the respective departments of said integrated management control database and storing the same in said integrated accounting database, and the data are read from said integrated accounting database.

33. The method according to claim 31, further comprising the steps of:

performing sequential processing steps, determining whether there are items suitable to the processing conditions and to be further processed other than compulsory receipt items, and displaying a menu screen for the items to be additionally input on said data receipt display/input unit if there are items to be further processed or deleted by the user after being processed as an error in said journalizing step; and

storing the data for the items to be additionally input through said data receipt display/input unit on said data storage unit.

34. The method according to claim 32, further comprising the steps of:

displaying the performing of sequential processing steps, determining whether there are items suitable to the processing conditions and to be further processed other than compulsory receipt items, displaying a menu screen for the items to be additionally input on said data receipt display/input unit if there are items to be further processed or deleted by the user after being error processed in said journalizing step; and

storing the data for the items to be additionally input through a data receipt display/input unit on said integrated management control database and said integrated accounting database.

35. The method according to claim 31, further comprising the steps of:

displaying a data input screen on said data receipt display/input unit, for the purpose of receiving the transaction data directly from a user, not from said network; and

storing the transaction data in said transaction data storage portion if the displayed transaction data are input through said data receipt display/input unit.

36. The method according to claim 32, further comprising the steps of:

displaying a data input screen on said data receipt display/input unit, for the purpose of receiving the transaction data directly from a user, not from said network; and

storing the transaction data in said integrated management control database if said dismayed transaction data are input through said data receipt display/input unit.

37. The method according to claim 35, wherein said data input screen displaying step comprises the steps of:

displaying payment and receipt items corresponding to a transaction form on the screen or said data receipt display/input unit;

displaying purchasing, warehousing, fund expenditure, financial transfer payment items corresponding to transaction patterns on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit if the payment item is selected in the transaction form displaying step as the transaction form, and displaying sales, delivery, fund revenue, financial transfer receipt items corresponding to transaction patterns on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit if the receipt item is selected in said transaction form displaying step as the transaction form;

displaying a predetermined detailed item corresponding to the selected transaction pattern and decided according to accounting principles on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit, if the transaction pattern is selected in said transaction pattern displaying step;

displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the detailed item on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit to then be selected and input, if the detailed item concerned with the transaction pattern is selected in said detailed pattern displaying step;

determining whether the transaction to be balancing-operated is to be balance-deducted, according to the transaction form, transaction pattern, detailed pattern and standard management information, respectively selected and input in said transaction form displaying step and detailed pattern displaying step;

selecting transaction terms including cash, bank deposit, note, credit and adjustment items and displaying a transaction terms menu screen for inputting the transaction amount corresponding to the selected transaction terms item on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined in said transaction determining step to not be balance-deducted, and if the transaction to be balancing-operated is determined to be balance-deducted, notifying that the target data are to be balancing-operated, reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion to then be displayed on said data receipt display/input unit, and displaying the transaction terms menu screen on said data receipt display/input unit; and

displaying standard management information including bank codes for bank deposit item and including customers, management periods and bank codes for credit and note items if the bank deposit, credit and note items are selected and input in said transaction terms displaying step as the transaction terms.

38. The method according to claim 36, wherein said data input screen displaying step comprises the step of:

displaying payment and receipt items corresponding to a transaction form on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit;

displaying purchasing, warehousing, fund expenditure, financial transfer payment items corresponding to transaction patterns on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit if the payment item is selected in the transaction form displaying step as the transaction form, and displaying sales, delivery, fund revenue, financial transfer receipt items corresponding to transaction patterns on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit if the receipt item is selected in said transaction form displaying step as the transaction form;

displaying a predetermined detailed item corresponding to the selected transaction pattern and decided according to accounting principles on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit, if the transaction pattern is selected in said transaction pattern displaying step;

displaying at least one or more standard management items corresponding to the detailed item on the screen or said data receipt display/input unit to then be selected and input, if the detailed item concerned with the transaction pattern is selected in said detailed pattern displaying step;

determining whether the transaction to be balancing-operated is to be balance-deducted, according to the transaction form, transaction pattern, detailed pattern and standard management information, respectively selected and input in said transaction form displaying step and detailed pattern displaying step;

selecting transaction terms including cash, bank deposit, note, credit and adjustment items and displaying a transaction terms menu screen for inputting the transaction amount corresponding to the selected transaction terms item on the screen of said data receipt display/input unit it the transaction is determined in said transaction to be balancing-operated determining step to not be balance-deducted, and if the transaction to be balancing-operated are determined to be balance-deducted, notifying that the target data is to be balancing-operated, reading the balance details of the relevant customer for the corresponding account from said balance-by-account storage portion to then be displayed on said data receipt display/input unit, and displaying the transaction terms menu screen on said data receipt display/input unit; and

displaying standard management information including Hank codes for bank deposit item and including customers, management periods and bank codes For credit and note items of the bank deposit, credit and note items are selected and input in said transaction terms displaying step as the transaction terms.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an accounting processor and method for an automated management control system, and more particularly, to an accounting processor and method for an automated management control system which can perform an accounting operation on a real-time basis by simply inputting transaction data without specific accounting knowledge, by systematically standardizing, formulating and compounding the transaction data.

An automated accounting processing system collects, adjusts, sums and accounts for financial data by systemizing transaction items n an enterprise using a computer to supply financial information useful for an executive's or a user's decision making. In other words, the automated accounting processing system automatically performs a real-time execution of transactions which bring about a change in the financial state, such as production, purchasing, sales, distribution and financial activities.

An accounting process for supplying various decision makers with financial information of the enterprise occurs through a series of procedures from transaction creation to closing. FIG. 1 shows a typical transaction flow and a computerized accounting procedure flow according to computerized business activities of a manufacturer.

For the sake of explanation, sequential numerals are given to arrows representing transaction data and flow in the respective steps of a transaction flow shown in FIG. 1, and the transaction flow and computerized accounting procedure will be briefly explained in the order of the numbers. Here, numeral 1 represents a production order, numeral 2 represents a raw and auxiliary material supply request, numeral 3 represents a raw and auxiliary material purchase order sheet, numeral 4 represents raw and auxiliary material supply from a supplier, numeral 5 represents raw and auxiliary material supply from a purchasing department to a production department, numeral 6 represents merchandise distribution to a distribution department, numeral 7 represents a merchandise production report, numeral 8 represents a payment request sheet, numeral 9 represents a payment approval notice, numeral 10 represents a payment to supplier, numeral 11 represents a purchase request sheet, numeral 12 represents a delivery order, numeral 13 represents an order confirmation notice, numeral 14 represents ordered merchandise delivery, numeral 15 represents a delivery confirmation document (receipt), numeral 16 represents a buyer's payment, and numeral 17 represents a sales money receipt notice, respectively. A series of Business activities by a manufacturer take place in various forms and ways according to the department. In this example, the explanation will be made concerned wit the work float between a production department and a purchasing department, its accounting procedure, initiated by creation of transaction with suppliers of raw and auxiliary materials, creation of transactions between a sales department and a buyer (or customer), and its accounting procedure.

Nowadays, most manufacturers enjoying the advantages of well-developed computer technology have a data network among various departments or divisions so that a considerable portion of businesses related with managerial activities are processed using a computer system. For example, in all businesses with regular customers, transaction data including product sales, supply requests of raw and auxiliary materials or payment approval, are transmitted and received by using a computer network. In a business with a customer not linked to a computer system, the transaction data are exchanged by other communications means such as a facsimile machine or telephone, or by mail.

In a production activity which is the primary activity of an enterprise for pursuing profits, a distribution department (or a distribution management system 150) sends a Production order 1 to a production department (or a production management system 100) for maintaining the optimal inventory of commodities to be sold by a sales department "or a sales management system 135). Based on the production order 1, the production department (production management system 100) checks the inventory of raw and auxiliary materials through a purchasing department (purchase management system 110) before production of requested merchandise. Then, if there is no inventory of the raw and auxiliary materials, a raw and auxiliary material supply request 2 is sent to the purchasing department (purchasing management system 110) for merchandise production.

The purchasing department (purchasing management system 110) sends a raw and auxiliary material purchase order sheet 3 to a raw and auxiliary material supplier 115 (or a supplier's computer system) for supplementing the shortage, based on the raw and auxiliary supply request 2 sent from the production department.

The supplier 115 supplies raw and auxiliary materials to the purchasing department (purchasing management system 110) of the manufacturer, based on the raw and auxiliary material purchase order sheet 3 sent from the purchasing department (purchasing management system 110). The received raw and auxiliary materials are inspected and approved by the purchasing department (purchasing management system 110) and then are supplied to a production line of the production department (production management system 100) to complete production. Then, the produced commodities are inspected and then supplied to the distribution department (distribution management system 150). Also, the production department 100 sends a merchandise production report 7 to the accounting department 160. Then, the accounting department 160 performs an accounting process using the merchandise production report 7, based on accounting principles, inputs and stores the account-processed data.

The supplier 115 sends a payment request sheet 8 for requesting payment for the supplied commodities to the purchasing department 110 of the enterprise. Then, the purchasing department 110 sends a payment approval notice 9 to the supplier 115 and the accounting department 160, respectively, to execute payment to the supplier 115.

The accounting department 160 executes an accounting process on the purchase money of the raw and auxiliary materials, to be paid to the supplier 115 under payment terms prescribed with the supplier 115, according to accounting principles, based on the payment approval notice 9 sent from the purchasing department 110, inputs and stores the accounting-operated data.

Also, the accounting department (accounting management system 160) remits the money to the bank account of the supplier 115 or pays the money to the supplier 115 in the form of checks or notes under payment terms prescribed with the supplier 115. The main activities of the sales department (sales management system 135) are to sell commodities to a customer, i.e., a buyer, 140. To buy required commodities, the customer sends a purchase request sheet 11 to the sales department (sales management system 135). At the customer's request, the sales department (sales management system 135) checks the inventory of the requested merchandise in the distribution department (distribution management system 105) using a computer system and then inputs the inventory results to the sales management system 135.

A delivery order 12 for the ordered merchandise from the customer 140, prepared by the sales department (sales management system 135), is sent to the distribution department (distribution management system 150). The sales department (sales management system 135) sends an order confirmation notice 13 indicating that the customer's order has been confirmed to the distribution department (distribution management system 150). Then, the distribution department (distribution management system 150) delivers the ordered merchandise to the customer 140, receives a delivery confirmation document (receipt) 15 from the customer 140, and inputs the data into the distribution management system 150, by which it is notified or certified that the order of the customer has been accepted and the delivery has been completed.

The distribution department (distribution management system 150) sends the delivery confirmation notice (or receipt 15) received from the customer 140 to the sales department (sales management system 135) and the accounting department (accounting management system 160), respectively. The sales department inputs the delivery confirmation data to the sales management system 135. The accounting department executes accounting process on the sales money and delivered merchandise and inputs the accounting data to the sales management system 135 to then be stored. The customer 140 transfers the money for the commodities to the bank account of the enterprise (manufacturer) or pays the money in the form of checks or notes, according to the terms of the trade prescribed mutually.

The data corresponding to the sales money received from the customer 140 is input to the sales management system 135 of the sales department to deduct the corresponding amount from the receivables of the customer 140. Then, a sales money receipt notice 17 is sent to the accounting department for an accounting process and input to the accounting management system 160 to then update data. In such a manner, the business activities of the enterprise are undertaken repeatedly through transaction creation, processing, updating and termination. Although not exactly the same, most enterprises have a transaction flow similar to that as described above. Particularly, the accounting process of the transaction created by production, sales, financial activities is a requisite job of an enterprise. An accounting department executes an accounting process on created transaction according to accounting principles, based on evidences and transaction items, and performs a series of jobs up to financial closing.

FIG. 2 shows a series of accounting circulations according to a created transaction.

As shown in FIG. 2, a series of the accounting processes of an enterprise are executed from transaction creation, to transaction data collection, adjustment, summing and accounting process, to data input to a commuter system, to preparation of financial statements and to Financial closing, which will now be described in more detail.

Generally, in terms of an accounting process, transaction brings about change in assets, liabilities and stock holder's equity, income or expense creation. For example, if an enterprise purchases a computer system, this is referred to as transaction creation because there is a change in the assets of the enterprise, for which an accounting process is executed by a conventional manual method, not by a computerized accounting process of today, as follows.

The transaction creation is recorded in an accounting book, which is initiated by a manual entry operation in a journal. To journalize the transaction, it is first confirmed whether the transaction has brought about a change in any item of assets, liabilities and capital of an enterprise, or profits and expenses have occurred. Then, the extent of the change or occurrence must be measured in a monetary unit. For example, if an enterprise (X) sells 500 pieces of a merchandise (A) at a price of 11,000 (unit price 10,000) on credit, the entry operation is executed as follows:

    ______________________________________
    (Debit)           (Credit)
    ______________________________________
    Trade receivables: 5,500,000
                      Sales: 5,500,000
    (Enterprise X)    (500 pieces of merchandise A)
    cost: 5,000,000   Merchandise A: 5,000,000
    (500 pieces of merchandise A)
                      (500 pieces of merchandise A)
    ______________________________________